Gluten-free cakes with walnut flour: a technological,sensory, and microstructural approach

Walnut flour (WF), a by-product of walnut oil production, is characterised by high polyunsaturated fatty acids, proteins, and fibre contents and presents suitability for bakery products. However, when using non-traditional ingredients, it is essential to evaluate the effect on the quality properties of the final product. So, this work aimed to assess the impact of WF on the technological, physicochemical, and sensory properties of gluten-free (GF) cakes. WF was added at a flour blend (cassava (CS) and maize (MS) starches and rice flour) at 0, 10%, 15%, and 20%. The results showed that WF modified starch gelatinisation, increased amylose–lipid complex (ALC) content, and made crumbs easier to chew. Besides, the total dietary fibre (TDF) and protein content significantly increased. Cakes with 15% WF presented the highest specific volume (SV) and no differences in overall acceptability with respect to control. Hence, WF is a suitable ingredient for gluten-free bakery products.     

Green Measurements for Software Product Based on Sustainability Dimensions

Software is a central component in the modern world and vastly affects the environment’s sustainability. The demand for energy and resource requirements is rising when producing hardware and software units. Literature study reveals that many studies focused on green hardware; however, limited efforts were made in the greenness of software products. Green software products are necessary to solve the issues and problems related to the long-term use of software, especially from a sustainability perspective. Without a proper mechanism for measuring the greenness of a particular software product executed in a specific environment, the mentioned benefits will not be attained. Currently, there are not enough works to address this problem, and the green status of software products is uncertain and unsure. This paper aims to identify the green measurements based on sustainable dimensions in a software product. The second objective is to reveal the relationships between the elements and measurements through empirical study. The study is conducted in two phases. The first phase is the theoretical phase, where the main components, measurements and practices that influence the sustainability of a software product are identified. The second phase is the empirical study that involved 103 respondents in Malaysia investigating current practices of green software in the industrial environment and further identifying the main sustainability dimensions and measurements and their impact on achieving green software products. This study has revealed seven green measurements of software product: Productivity, Usability, Cost Reduction, Employee Support, Energy Efficiency, Resource Efficiency and Tool Support. The relationships are statistically significant, with a significance level of less than 0.01 (p = 0.000). Thus, the hypothesised relationships were all accepted. The contributions of this study revolve around the research perspectives of the measurements to attain a green software product.     

基于LP与小波包的复杂机电系统监测序列混沌降噪方法

针对流程工业生产系统监测数据存在强噪声和混沌性的特点,提出了一种局部投影方法(Local Projection Method)与小波包方法相结合的信号降噪方法。该方法先利用局部投影方法从动力学系统嵌入流形的角度进行多次迭代降噪,并根据关联维数来判定迭代终止;再利用小波包方法从频率的角度进行降噪,抑制高频噪声的干扰,取得了较好的降噪效果。用Lorenz时间序列进行仿真验证,对仿真时间序列加入不同程度的噪声,对比分析小波包、局部投影与该方法降噪后的相空间、SNR值和最大Lyapunov指数,证明了该方法对于中高强度噪声具有更好的降噪效果。并将该方法用于某压缩机组的实际监测数据降噪,评估三种方法的降噪效果,进一步验证了该方法的优越性。     

低温条件下红砂岩动态力学性能试验研究

应用SHPB试验和分形方法研究饱水冻结红砂岩的动态力学性能和破碎分形特性,分析负温变化对红砂岩动态强度性能和变形破坏规律的影响,结合SEM扫描实验,探究应力波作用下饱水冻结红砂岩的微观破裂机制。研究结果表明,负温变化显著影响红砂岩的动态力学性能和分形特性,其中动态强度随温度降低(25~-40℃)呈先增大后减小的趋势,形似"几"字形,峰值应变则是先减小后增大,这与冻岩的静载试验结果迥然不同。经引入分形维数D,建立冻结红砂岩块度分形计算模型,经模型计算得到红砂岩在25,-5,-10,-20,-30,-40℃时的分形维数分别是2.37,2.12,2.29,2.35,2.41,2.44,这与试验筛分结果基本吻合。通过对红砂岩断口形貌的观察和分析,发现低温条件下红砂岩最终断口多发生于黏土胶结物上或其与矿物颗粒的交界处,常温条件下红砂岩断口形貌较为复杂,很难看出规律性,但在引入低温梯度后,由黏土胶结物和矿物颗粒组成的断口形貌会逐渐呈现出规律性,在对相应规律分析总结后推断,负温条件下胶结物的性质和断裂性能对红砂岩力学性能有着更为显著的影响。     

煤体破裂分形特征与声发射规律研究

探究离散性影响下煤体力学行为演化机制及失稳预测方法是有效提高冲击地压预测准确性的关键，开展煤受载破坏声发射监测试验并对破碎块体筛分统计，获得了强度、块体分形特征、声发射信号规律及其相互关系。研究结果表明:受裂隙及夹矸等影响煤体内部形成承载结构缺陷区导致其强度具有显著离散性，含有夹矸或裂隙越多，煤体受载过程弹性区越短承载能力越低，破碎后完整性较高，峰后软化特征明显，煤体单轴压缩破坏块度分形维数为2.08~2.60略高于岩石，碎块分形维数随峰值应力增加而升高，将质量频率分布曲线的斜率定义为碎块密集度(k)，碎块密集度越小煤体分形维数越大，破碎块体的数目越多体积越小破碎程度越高;煤体受载过程声发射能量、信号密集度和能量累积量随强度正相关变化，声发射累积量正比于分形维数，结合试验统计结果，深入分析了声发射能量与分形维数间的内在联系，并建立了声发射累积总能量随分形维数变化的经验公式，研究成果为定量的分析声发射信号与煤体力学行为间相互关系提供指导。     

三点弯曲作用下不同粒径组成的类岩石材料声发射特性试验研究

为探讨粒径组成对三点弯曲受拉破坏材料的声发射(AE)特性的影响规律，制备了4种粒径的类岩石材料试件，分别进行三点弯曲声发射试验，分析了各试件加载过程中的力学特性和声发射特性。研究表明:类岩石材料的三点弯曲荷载-位移曲线经历非线性和近似线性2个阶段;随着粒径的减小，峰值荷载和到达峰值荷载时的声发射累计事件数均呈增大趋势，声发射累计撞击数与声发射累计能量的比值r的最大值也呈减小趋势，说明粒径越小产生相对高能量的声发射事件越多，振铃计数的关联维数D值变化幅度呈减小趋势，同时，到达最低点时的相对荷载水平越高。r值升高后再次降低到持续的低值阶段为孕育主破裂阶段，可将D值的最低值作为主破裂前兆点。     

煤层注水对原煤孔隙及甲烷吸脱附性能的影响

煤层注水对防突具有显著效果,而煤层孔隙特性是影响瓦斯吸脱附及渗流的重要因素,为了从孔隙角度揭示不同注水压力对原煤体甲烷吸脱附性能的影响。选取首山矿己15-12070工作面进行煤层注水现场实验,使用氮吸附法得出各煤样孔隙特性并用分形理论计算孔隙粗糙度,使用静态容量法测出各煤样吸脱附参数。结果表明:注水后各孔径段孔隙量均有所增加,注水压力与比表面积、孔容及分形维数呈线性正相关关系;孔隙特征参数与甲烷吸脱附性能呈线性正相关关系;各煤样均出现甲烷吸脱附迟滞现象,且注水压力越高,甲烷吸附能力越强,脱附迟滞程度越大。煤层注水压力越大,煤的孔裂隙数量会增多且粗糙度增大,煤体倾向于保留更多的瓦斯。     

三塘湖盆地哈尔加乌组火山岩储集层孔隙特征及成因

低温氮气吸附实验是研究致密储集层微观结构特征的重要手段之一,目前在碎屑岩致密储集层研究中取得了较好的效果。应用低温氮气吸附实验,研究三塘湖盆地石炭系火山岩致密储集层纳米级孔隙的成因。实验分析表明：三塘湖盆地上石炭统哈尔加乌组火山岩低温氮气吸附等曲线以墨水瓶形为主,随着深度增加,样品的平均孔径逐渐减小,总孔体积逐渐增大,样品比表面积逐渐增大,表征孔隙表面粗糙程度的分形维数也增大。结合场发射扫描电镜分析表明,三塘湖盆地哈尔加乌组火山岩致密储集层的微观孔隙结构形态与溶蚀作用有关,储集层埋藏越深,介于火山岩内部的烃源岩生成的有机酸越多,溶蚀作用就越强烈,长石等不稳定矿物溶蚀以后,形成新的矿物在喉道沉淀,一方面增加储集层的微观孔隙体积,另一方面降低了储集层渗透率。     

Rheological characterization of filled polyamide 11 and polyamide 12 solutions in polyols

A thorough understanding of the rheological properties of real-world, formulated polymer melts and solutions is important to fabricate articles via typical melt processing techniques. Polyamides have been studied extensively in the area of water purification applications. In this work, the viscosity of these homogeneous polyamide 11 and polyamide 12 solutions in specific polyols was measured in the single phase region as a function of shear rate and temperature via capillary rheometry. In addition, the viscosity of the same polyamide solutions containing various levels of dispersed, nanoscale calcium carbonate particles was characterized in order to understand the rheology of the filled systems. Viscosity-reduced shear rate master curves were constructed by applying the principle of time–temperature superposition, and the activation energies were measured for the polyamide-polyol solutions. The observed increase in viscosity caused by the addition of nanofiller could not be explained by simply applying a vertical shift to the master curve, and a density exponent was required to account for the stiffening mechanism. Also, the dependence of the relative viscosity on the filler loading was shown to be consistent with the hypothesis that the filler particles were organized in the form of small fractal aggregates. The filled polyamide 11 systems exhibited higher relative viscosities than the filled polyamide 12 systems, indicating a higher level of particle aggregation and larger mean cluster size for the filled polyamide 11 systems. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 48244.