1226工作面切顶卸压沿空成巷技术应用研究

为解决掘进成本较高、接替紧张等问题,基于1226工作面地质条件,对运输巷进行切顶卸压沿空留巷设计,主要包括切顶预裂缝、恒阻大变形锚索和巷道支护参数的设计,取得较好效果。     

综放切顶沿空留巷围岩变形特征分析及防治

为了掌握高地应力条件下综放沿空留巷围岩变形与破坏特征，以古汉山矿1604工作面为工程背景，采用理论分析的手段研究分析了综放沿空留巷围岩变形破坏形成机制，并提出采用预裂爆破切缝、强帮护顶等围岩控制措施，总结了综放沿空留巷技术原理，确定了沿空留巷支护参数，最后在现场进行了工业性试验。研究结果表明:沿空留巷巷道整体稳定性好，顶底板最大移近量为240~320 mm，两帮最大移近量为360~410 mm，支护效果良好，成巷效果较好；解决了采掘接替紧张、巷道维护困难的难题，满足了安全生产需要，提高了煤矿生产效率。     

浅谈煤与瓦斯突出矿井"U"型通风系统采煤工作面上隅角瓦斯管理

屯兰煤矿是煤与瓦斯突出矿井,瓦斯涌出量大,上隅角瓦斯治理困难。为解决这一通风难题,该矿采取沿空留巷抽采措施进行作业。实践证明,该技术解决了上隅角瓦斯积聚隐患,保障了矿井高产高效。     

BMS Derivatives C7-Linked to β-Cyclodextrin and Hyperbranched Polyglycerol Retain Activity against R5-HIV-1NLAD8 Isolates and Can Be Deemed Potential Microbicides

Amides from indole-3-glyoxylic acid and 4-benzoyl-2-methylpiperazine, which are related to entry inhibitors developed by Bristol-Myers Squibb (BMS), have been synthesized with aliphatic chains located at the C7 position of the indole ring. These spacers contain an azido group suitable for the well-known Cu(I)-catalyzed (3+2)-cycloaddition or an activated triple bond for the nucleophilic addition of thiols under physiological conditions. Reaction with polyols (β-cyclodextrin and hyperbranched polyglycerol) decorated with complementary click partners has afforded polyol-BMS-like conjugates that are not cytotoxic (TZM.bl cells) and retain the activity against R5-HIV-1_NLAD8 isolates. Thus, potential vaginal microbicides based on entry inhibitors, which can be called of 4^th generation, are reported here for the first time.     

An Innovative Non-Pillar Coal-Mining Technology with Automatically Formed Entry: A Case Study

A non-pillar coal-mining technology with an automatically formed entry is proposed, which reduces the waste of coal resources and the underground entry drivage workload. Three key techniques in this technology cooperate to achieve automatic formation and retaining of the gob-side entry, and to realize non-pillar mining. Constant-resistance large deformation (CRLD) support ensures the stability of the entry roof; directional presplitting blasting (DPB) separates the entry roof and the gob roof; and a blocking-gangue support system (BGSS) integrates the caved rock material as an effective entry rib. An industrial test was conducted to verify the engineering effects of these key techniques. The field application results showed that the retained entry was under the pressure-relief zone due to the broken-expansion nature of the caved rock mass within the DPB height. After going through a provisional dynamic pressure-bearing zone, the retained entry entered the stability zone. The final stable entry meets the requirements of safety and production. The research results demonstrate the good engineering applicability of this technology. By taking the framework of the technology design principles into consideration and adjusting the measures according to different site conditions, it is expected that the proposed non-pillar coal-mining technology can be popularized on a large scale.     

综采工作面沿空留巷支护技术应用

为了提高无煤柱回采工作面沿空留巷顶板稳定性,保证工作面安全高效回采,对8304无煤柱工作面沿空留巷段采取爆破切顶施工工艺,以及“恒阻锚索+支设T型钢棚+迈步式W型锚索吊棚”联合支护措施,控制了沿空留巷围岩稳定性,保证了安全生产。     

三软煤层沿空留巷矿压显现规律研究

为探究沿空留巷矿压显现规律及支护对策，以河南西部典型三软煤层为研究对象，构建了数值分析模型，模拟了工作面前方和后方一定范围内巷道围岩变形和应力变化规律，得到了工作面后方围岩受采动影响大、范围广，顶板下沉现象明显。基于现场实测，得到了顶板下沉量、底板鼓起量、充填体的变形、实煤体变形等随采动影响的变化规律，监测了锚杆的轴向受载情况。研究发现，巷旁膏体充填与巷道内高强锚杆+W型钢带构成的支护体系，较好地解决了三软煤层回采巷道围岩控制问题，为类似开采条件下沿空留巷的实施提供了理论和实践依据。     

宏阳煤矿薄煤层沿空留巷实践应用

为了缓解矿井采掘接替紧张局面,宏阳煤矿采用沿空留巷技术,对12102运输顺槽采取顶板超前采面打设锚索梁、顶板超前预裂爆破,留巷段采用“钢梁+单体液压支柱”的方式进行巷道支护。该技术现场应用后,减少了巷道掘进工程量,减少了煤炭损失,增加了经济效益,降低了职工劳动强度,有利于采掘接替。     

Visual and manual loadings with QWERTY-like ambiguous keyboards: Relevance of letter-key assignments on mobile phones

Mobile phone touchscreens have many ergonomic problems related to text entry. Previous studies, which attempted to use ambiguous keyboards to resolve problem of small keys, focused on the disambiguation process without consideration of the user loading on graphic user interface. This study investigates user loadings, which interfere with performance in the key selection phase when using an ambiguous keyboard. Hence, three QWERTY-like ambiguous keyboards and a standard QWERTY keyboard were compared via visual search and manual operation experiments. The visual search experiment shows that layouts with many letters per key were strongly related to long visual search times, and layouts with large keys were operated faster and more accurately in the manual operation experiment. Consequently, the trade-off between visual and manual loading differed among different letter-key assignments. This study is important in that it elucidates the impacts of visual and manual loadings on ambiguous keyboards, as well as in providing user interface designers with an enhanced understanding of how to design ambiguous keyboards based on user criteria.Relevance to industryAmbiguous keyboard designs in previous studies were generally far from the actual needs of users. This study examines the factors affecting text entry performance of users via the user-centered approach, improving the understanding of designers.     

Unreliable numbers: error and harm induced by bad design can be reduced by better design

Number entry is a ubiquitous activity and is often performed in safety- and mission-critical procedures, such as healthcare, science, finance, aviation and in many other areas. We show that Monte Carlo methods can quickly and easily compare the reliability of different number entry systems. A surprising finding is that many common, widely used systems are defective, and induce unnecessary human error. We show that Monte Carlo methods enable designers to explore the implications of normal and unexpected operator behaviour, and to design systems to be more resilient to use error. We demonstrate novel designs with improved resilience, implying that the common problems identified and the errors they induce are avoidable.