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Yi Lu Rui Li Rogerio Manica Qingxia Liu Zhenghe Xu 《American Institute of Chemical Engineers》2021,67(1):e17033
Interfacial properties are of critical importance to various separation applications. In heavy oil recovery, for example, a low oil–water interfacial tension (IFT) benefits the separation of heavy oil from their host rocks, which becomes problematic in the later stage of oil–water separation. CO2-responsive surfactants were investigated to enhance the overall heavy oil recovery by switching their interfacial activity to the desired state in each stage. The surfactants at interfacially active state greatly enhanced the separation of heavy oil from hosting solids, as demonstrated by measuring contact angle and oil liberation using a custom-designed on-line visualization system. Meanwhile, the resulting heavy oil-in-water emulsions could also be easily demulsified by the bubbling of CO2 gas, which switched off the interfacial activity of the surfactants. Furthermore, CO2-responsive surfactants could be partially recycled in process water to improve sustainability, making CO2-responsive surfactants to be promising chemical aids in heavy oil production and many other vital industries. 相似文献
3.
以废弃木薯秸秆为原料,经碱化、添加巯基官能团进行改性得到吸附剂,对其进行了表征,并研究了不同条件下吸附剂的对Cu(Ⅱ)和Zn(Ⅱ)吸附性能。结果表明,木薯秸秆成功引入巯基基团。经过巯基改性后的木薯秸秆的吸附量得到提升,吸附量随p H的升高而增大,在30 min内吸附量可迅速达到平衡,吸附动力学符合准2级动力学方程。对Cu(Ⅱ)的等温吸附符合Langmiur等温模型,近似于单层吸附,理论最高吸附量为65.36 mg/g;对Zn(Ⅱ)的等温吸附符合Freundlich等温模型,以多分子层吸附为主,理论最高吸附量为60.24 mg/g。两者吸附过程均为自发的放热过程。 相似文献
4.
纳雍枝铅锌矿床是黔西北地区迄今研究程度较高的大型矿床之一,为探讨成矿物质来源和矿床成因,应用ICP-MS方法对该矿床的主要矿物闪锌矿和白云石进行了微量、稀土元素分析,结果表明:闪锌矿微量元素相对地壳元素丰度,富集Ga、Cd、Sb,贫In;白云石和围岩的稀土元素都具有富集LREE和低异常δEu(δEu<1)的特征,且白云石的稀土元素总量略高于围岩的稀土元素总量,表明成矿物质具有多源性;该矿床地质特征与MVT型矿床相似,结合lnω(Ga)-lnω(In)关系图解认为该矿床为MVT型矿床。 相似文献
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一种基于分段偏最小二乘模型的土壤重金属遥感反演方法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
土壤中重金属由于其毒性而成为最有害的环境污染物之一,利用遥感进行土壤重金属检测和分布制图是目前最为高效的手段。采用哨兵二号(Sentinel-2)多光谱影像与实测样品光谱数据,对山西省铜矿峪铜矿尾矿库及其周边农田土壤的铜(Cu)含量进行估算,利用68个土壤样品的反射光谱,优选出适合土壤铜含量预测的波段,结合分段偏最小二乘法(Piecewise Partial Least Squares Regression,P-PLSR),对土壤铜含量进行估算,将模型用于Sentinel-2影像获得了Cu含量的空间分布。通过P-PLSR对实测样品光谱建模反演Cu含量的决定系数(R2)为0.89,预测偏差比(RPD)为2.82;利用Sentinel-2多光谱影像获得了该区域Cu元素含量空间分布,其Cu含量的估算精度R2为0.74,RPD为1.73,Cu含量高值区空间分布与尾矿库关系密切。Sentinel-2多光谱数据具有高空间分辨率(10、20和60 m)、高时间分辨率和幅宽大(290 km)等优势,通过敏感波段选择并建立反演模型,可实现大范围土壤环境制图。 相似文献
7.
Developing non-platinum group metal (non-PGM) electrocatalysts for the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) represents the efforts towards the more economical use of hydrogen fuel cells and hydrogen energy, which has attracted tremendous attention recently. However, non-PGM electrocatalysts for the HOR are still in their early development stages as compared with the significant advances in those for the oxygen reduction reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction. Herein, this paper summarizes the recent progresses and highlights the key challenges for the rational design of non-PGM electrocatalysts, aiming to promote the development of non-PGM HOR electrocatalysts. Fundamental understandings of the HOR mechanism are firstly reviewed, where theoretical interpretations on the low HOR kinetics in alkaline media, including the hydrogen binding energy theory, the bifunctional mechanism, and the water molecule reorganization, are particularly discussed. Subsequently, progresses of typical non-PGM HOR electrocatalysts in acid and alkaline media are summarized separately. For the HOR under alkaline conditions, the superiorities and challenges of Ni-based catalysts are discussed with a particular focus as they are the most promising non-PGM electrocatalysts. Finally, this paper highlights the challenges and provide perspectives on the future development directions of non-PGM HOR electrocatalysts. 相似文献
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9.
为探究蒸馏装置电脱盐系统波动原因,分别考察了电脱盐罐操作条件及原油性质两方面因素,并结合原油混合相容性理论进行分析,得到以下结论。两种性质差异较大的原油混合时,存在不相容的可能,沥青质析出,增大原油乳化程度,导致电脱盐系统运行波动;重质原油掺炼比例越低,不相容程度越明显,随着重质原油混合比例增加,原油不相容状态逐渐得到缓解;在加工混合原油出现不相容时,可通过降低混合强度的方式,减轻原油的过乳化程度,平稳生产;在加工混合原油时,宜掺炼性质相近的油品,若混合的油品性质差异较大时,可适当增加重质油混合比例,降低发生不相容的可能,保证装置平稳运行。 相似文献
10.
JAVARIA AFZAL XIUKANG WANG MUHAMMAD HAMZAH SALEEM XUECHENG SUN SHAHID HUSSAIN IMRAN KHAN MUHAMMAD SHOAIB RANA SHAKEEL AHMED SAMRAH AFZAL AWAN SAJID FIAZ OMAR AZIZ KASHIF ALI KUBAR SHAFAQAT ALI CHENGXIAO HU 《Biocell》2021,45(6):1631-1649
Soil contamination with toxic heavy metals [such as cadmium (Cd)] is becoming a serious global problem due
to rapid development of social economy. Iron (Fe), being an important element, has been found effective in enhancing
plant tolerance against biotic and abiotic stresses. The present study investigated the extent to which different levels of
Ferrous sulphate (FeSO4) modulated the Cd tolerance of rice (Oryza sativa L.), when maintained in artificially Cd
spiked regimes. A pot experiment was conducted under controlled conditions for 146 days, by using natural soil,
mixed with different levels of CdCl2 [0 (no Cd), 0.5 and 1 mg/kg] together with the exogenous application of FeSO4
at [0 (no Fe), 1.5 and 3 mg/kg] levels to monitor different growth, gaseous exchange characteristics, oxidative stress,
antioxidative responses, minerals accumulation, organic acid exudation patterns of O. sativa. Our results depicted that
addition of Cd to the soil significantly (P < 0.05) decreased plant growth and biomass, gaseous exchange parameters,
mineral uptake by the plants, sugars (soluble, reducing, and non-reducing sugar) and altered the ultrastructure of
chloroplasts, plastoglobuli, mitochondria, and many other cellular organelles in Cd-stressed O. sativa compared to
those plants which were grown without the addition of Cd in the soil. However, Cd toxicity boosted the production of
reactive oxygen species (ROS) by increasing the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), which is the indication of
oxidative stress in O. sativa and was also manifested by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents and electrolyte leakage to
the membrane bounded organelles. Although, activities of various antioxidative enzymes like superoxidase dismutase
(SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and non-enzymatic antioxidants like
phenolics, flavonoid, ascorbic acid, anthocyanin and proline contents increased up to a Cd level of 0.5 mg/kg in the
soil but were significantly diminished at the highest Cd level of 1 mg/kg in the soil compared to those plants which
were grown without the addition of Cd in the soil. The negative impacts of Cd injury were reduced by the application
of FeSO4 which increased plant growth and biomass, improved photosynthetic apparatus, antioxidant enzymes, minerals uptake together with diminished exudation of organic acids as well as oxidative stress indicators in roots and
shoots of O. sativa by decreasing Cd retention in different plant parts. These results shed light on the effectiveness of
FeSO4 in improving the growth and upregulation of antioxidant enzyme activities of O. sativa in response to Cd
stress. However, further studies at field levels are required to explore the mechanisms of FeSO4-mediated reduction of
the toxicity of not only Cd, but possibly also other heavy metals in plants. 相似文献