Effect of phosphogypsum on saline-alkalinity and aggregate stability of bauxite residue

A column experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of phosphogypsum (PG) on the saline- alkalinity, and aggregate stability of bauxite residue. Results showed that: with increasing leaching time, the concentrations of saline-alkali ions decreased while the concentration increased in bauxite residue leachate; compared with CK (control group) treatment, pH, electric conductivity (EC), exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), sodium absorption ratio (SAR), and exchangeable Na⁺ content of bauxite residue were reduced following PG treatment; average particle sizes in aggregates following CK and PG treatments were determined to be 155 and 193 nm, respectively. SR-μCT test results also confirmed that bauxite residue following PG treatment acquired larger aggregates and larger pore diameter. These results indicate that the PG treatment could significantly modulate the saline-alkalinity, and simultaneously enhance aggregate stability of bauxite residue, which provides a facile approach to reclaim bauxite residue disposal areas.     

A comparative study on the effect of carbon-based and ceramic additives on the properties of fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites for high temperature applications

Ablative composites have been in use for thermal protection of space vehicles for decades. Carbon-phenolic composites have proven to perform exceptionally well in these applications. However with development in aerospace industry their performance needs improvement. In this field, different carbon-based and ceramic additives have been introduced into ablative composite systems. This review article gives a comparative analysis of researches done in this field in the recent past. Density, ablative, thermal and mechanical properties of ablative composites with different ultra-high temperature ceramic particles i.e. ZrSi₂, Cenosphere, nano-SiO₂, BN etc. and carbon-based nanoparticles i.e. CNTs, nano-Diamonds, Graphene oxide etc. used as additives, have been compared and discussed. Emphasis is put on carbon-phenolic composite systems although some epoxy matrix systems have also been discussed for comparison.     

渣油催化临氢热转化钼铁双金属催化剂的研究

Replacement of precious single metal catalysts with cost-effective, highly-dispersed composite catalysts for catalytic hydrothermal conversion of residue holds tremendous promise for the residue upgrading technologies. Organic metals were added to the feed as the oil-soluble precursors, and transformed into the catalytic active phases in this work. Physical properties and structures of the composite catalysts had been investigated by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscopy. The composite catalysts were found to be highly efficient in the catalytic hydrothermal conversion of both model compound and residue. Increased metal dispersion and synergistic effects of two metals played indispensable roles in such catalytic system. Results showed that under the test conditions in the article, the catalyst had the best catalytic performance when the mass ratio of molybdenum to iron was 1.5.     

中国与日本兽药残留限量标准比较分析研究

目的研究我国与日本兽药残留限量标准的异同。方法根据中华人民共和国国农业部第235号公告以及日本肯定列表、厚生劳动省第370号公告,比较两国法律法规涉及的禁用与限量物质清单在兽药种类、残留食品种类、残留限量指标值等方面的异同。结果我国兽药残留限量标准涉及123种兽药、3大类食品、12种动物与9种靶组织、550个限量指标,日本则涉及243种兽药、4大类食品、16种动物与8种靶组织、3705个限量指标。两者相比,我国83种兽药与日本相同, 445个限量指标与日本810个限量指标具有可比性。在中日标准涉及的具有可比性的限量指标中,我国有215个指标与日本等同,有80个指标比日本严格,有139个指标比日本宽松。结论在兽药残留限量标准涉及的可比指标值方面,我国二分之一的指标值与日本对应指标值是等同的。     

我国粮食中农药残留限量标准现状

现行食品中农药最大残留限量标准中涉及食品类别繁多,每类食品农药最大残留限量特点各异,尚未有针对粮食这一大类别农药残留限量的特点分析。本文重点介绍了我国粮食中农药残留限量总体状况,比对了GB 2763-2016、GB 2763.1-2018与GB 2763-2014标准中粮食农药残留限量的变化,包括农药种类、残留限量指标值、检测方法等内容,使广大粮油检测工作者全面系统了解粮食中农药残留限量现状,为今后监测工作提供帮助。同时在分析涉粮农药残留限量标准基础上,探讨了GB 2763-2016农残限量标准存在的问题,并提出了修改建议,对完善我国粮食农药残留限量标准具有现实意义。     

2017~2018年江苏省食品添加剂风险监测结果分析

目的研究江苏省食品添加剂的产品质量及存在的风险点。方法对江苏省范围内的食品添加剂进行风险监测,通过对江苏省2017-2018年食品添加剂抽样检查结果的汇总,分析近2年江苏省范围内食品添加剂的质量水平,总结食品添加剂的风险点并制定相应的监督防控措施。结果 2017～2018年江苏省共完成173批次食品添加剂的风险监测,抽检的食品添加剂样品涉及3类:单一食品添加剂、食品用香精及复配食品添加剂,其中溶剂残留检出9批次,塑化剂检出23批次,铝含量超过100 mg/kg检出6批次,检出未标识添加剂5批次。结论当前江苏省食品添加剂存在的风险点主要是溶剂残留、塑化剂残留、高铝成分检出及未如实标注添加剂成分等情况。食品添加剂生产企业及食品加工企业应加强对该类风险点的防控,同时监管部门需增强对食品添加剂的监管力度,制定对食品添加剂生产企业相关风险点的监管措施。     

粉煤灰提铝残渣低温碱溶过程工艺研究

循环流化床粉煤灰“一步酸溶法”提取氧化铝工艺过程中产生的尾渣主要成分为无定形二氧化硅,且具有较高的活性,是制备白炭黑、分子筛、硅酸钠水玻璃的理想原料。对该提铝残渣在氢氧化钠溶液中的溶出过程做了研究,探讨了液固比、碱浓度、溶出时间、溶出温度工艺条件对二氧化硅和氧化铝溶出效果的影响。研究结果表明：在氢氧化钠碱液的浓度为4 mol/L、反应温度为70 ℃、液固比为6、反应时间为4 h的条件下,二氧化硅的溶出率最高,达到93%。提铝残渣碱溶后固体渣经XRD分析,其无定形二氧化硅基本已溶出,剩余物主要为锐钛矿与莫来石等。     

分光光度法和光度滴定法联合测定湿法炼锌流程中钴渣浸出液中锌钴镍

湿法炼锌流程中钴渣浸出液中含有高浓度的Fe²⁺和Mn²⁺,用分光光度法测定Co²⁺和Ni²⁺时,Fe²⁺-EDTA会严重干扰Co²⁺和Ni²⁺的测定;在用光度滴定法测定Zn²⁺和Co²⁺合量时,Ni²⁺对二甲酚橙指示剂具有封闭作用,Mn²⁺亦与EDTA螯合,导致滴定结果偏高。为消除Fe²⁺和Mn²⁺对Zn²⁺、Co²⁺和Ni²⁺测定的干扰,实验进行氧化分离Fe²⁺和Mn²⁺预处理,在NaAc/Hac缓冲体系下,以EDTA作显色剂用分光光度法测定Co²⁺、Ni²⁺。在波长466nm处,Co²⁺的线性范围为50~500mg/L时与吸光度呈线性,相关系数R²为0.9992;在384nm处,Ni²⁺的线性范围为50~500mg/L时与吸光度呈线性,相关系数R²为0.9998。根据分光光度法测出Ni²⁺物质的量,加入1.1倍的丁二酮肟以除去Ni²⁺,用二甲酚橙为指示剂,EDTA鳌合-光度滴定法测定Zn²⁺、Co²⁺合量,扣减Co²⁺含量得出Zn²⁺含量。选取4个锌湿法炼锌流程中钴渣浸出液实际样品,按照实验方法中的分光光度法测定Co²⁺和Ni²⁺,光度滴定法测定Zn²⁺、Co²⁺合量,Zn²⁺、Co²⁺和Ni²⁺测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)均不大于0.70%,加标回收率分别为99.59%~100.41%、99.69%~100.64%、99.92%~100.08%。     

红外光谱技术在红枣农药残留检测中的研究进展

红枣是新疆特色林果的支柱产业,随着栽培面积的不断扩大,由于栽培生态的不同和病虫害的增加,致使农药的使用也越来越多,农药的滥用、误用、超量使用等不规范使用会导致红枣质量安全问题逐渐增多。基于红枣质量安全的关注及红枣中农药残留快速检测的需求,因红外光谱技术简单、快捷、经济、无损的特点,近年来国内外学者利用红外光谱技术对农产品中农药残留检测的可行性进行研究,验证红外光谱技术可用于农产品中农药残留检测分析,结合数据处理方法,化学计量学方法等可建立定性、定量分析检测模型。本文概述近年来红枣中农药的残留和检测现状以及红外光谱技术在农药残留检测相关领域的研究进展,并对红外光谱技术在农药残留检测中的应用发展进行展望。     

表面增强拉曼光谱在茶叶质量安全检测和品质分析中的应用

拉曼光谱特别是表面增强拉曼光谱(surface enhanced Raman scattering, SERS)是一种基于光的非弹性散射的光谱技术,具有实时、快速等特点,是一种很好的检测茶叶质量安全和品质分析的方法。本文介绍了拉曼光谱及SERS技术在茶叶农药残留、重金属和真菌毒素等质量安全检测方面的应用,以及在茶叶理化成分检测和茶叶种类分析等茶叶品质分析上的研究进展。