Production of the Carboxylate Reductase from Nocardia otitidiscaviarum in a Soluble,Active Form for in vitro Applications

Accessing aldehydes from carboxylate moieties is often a challenging task. In this regard, carboxylate reductases (CARs) are promising catalysts provided by nature that are able to accomplish this task in just one step, avoiding over-reduction to the alcohol product. However, the heterologous expression of CARs can be quite difficult due to the excessive formation of insoluble protein, thus hindering further characterization and application of the enzyme. Here, the heterologous production of the carboxylate reductase from Nocardia otitidiscaviarum (NoCAR) was optimized by a combination of i) optimized cultivation conditions, ii) post-translational modification with a phosphopantetheinyl transferase and iii) selection of an appropriate expression strain. Especially, the selection of Escherichia coli tuner cells as host had a strong effect on the final 110-fold increase in the specific activity of NoCAR. This highly active NoCAR was used to reduce sodium benzoate to benzaldehyde, and it was successfully assembled with an in vitro regeneration of ATP and NADPH, being capable of reducing about 30 mM sodium benzoate with high selectivity in only 2 h of reaction.     

Semirigid inclusions in elastic bodies: Mechanical interplay and optimal control

The paper concerns an analysis of an equilibrium problem for 2D elastic body with two semirigid inclusions. It is assumed that inclusions have a joint point, and we investigate a junction problem for these inclusions. The existence of solutions is proved, and different equivalent formulations of the problem are proposed. We investigate a convergence to infinity of a rigidity parameter of the semirigid inclusion. It is proved that in the limit, we obtain an equilibrium problem for the elastic body with a rigid inclusion and a semirigid one. A parameter identification problem is investigated. In particular, the existence of a solution to a suitable optimal control problem is proved.     

耐蚀合金中TiN析出机制

摘要：TiN颗粒尺寸及其分布对耐蚀合金性能有明显的影响，因此有必要对TiN在铸坯中的分布及其析出行为进行研究。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、金相显微镜（OM）观察了TiN夹杂物在铸坯中的分布、尺寸及其形貌；基于热力学和动力学理论分析了耐蚀合金铸坯中TiN夹杂物的析出时机及其尺寸，结合试验结果和理论计算明确了TiN夹杂物在凝固后铸坯中的位置和尺寸与析出时机的关系，为控制TiN夹杂物提供理论指导。结果表明，冶炼过程中析出的TiN夹杂物尺寸较大，在凝固过程中被枝晶吞没，位于铸坯枝晶内和等轴晶内；微观偏析计算结果表明，在凝固分数为0.55时，TiN开始析出，最开始析出TiN夹杂物的逐渐长大，长大后的TiN易于被二次枝晶吞没，最终位于铸坯中的枝晶间和等轴晶内，后期析出的TiN则在枝晶间和等轴晶间。固相中析出的TiN夹杂物长大较慢，尺寸细小，最终位于奥氏体晶界。     

304不锈钢不同精炼渣碱度下夹杂物的演变

 为了提高304不锈钢的产品质量，结合生产实际，利用热力学计算和扫描电镜能谱分析方法, 研究了硅脱氧条件下，LF精炼渣碱度对304不锈钢在LF精炼、连铸过程夹杂物变化规律的影响。试验结果表明,随着冶炼过程进行，全氧质量分数和夹杂物数量依次减小。304不锈钢采用1.75高碱度炉渣，可以得到较低的全氧质量分数和夹杂物数量，但是夹杂物中Al2O3质量分数高，夹杂物熔点高。采用1.53低碱度炉渣，钢液中全氧质量分数较采用高碱度炉渣高，但是夹杂物中CaO、Al2O3质量分数相对较低，SiO2和MnO质量分数较高，夹杂物熔点低。针对304不锈钢产品可以采用不同的生产工艺路线来满足产品的不同需求。     

迷迭香提取物及其包结物在中式培根中的应用

研究了迷迭香提取物(RE)的化学成分、抗氧化活性及RE与其环糊精钾金属有机骨架包结物(RE-K-CD-MOF)在中式培根中的应用。结果表明:RE的主要成分为迷迭香酸等12种物质;RE具有良好的抗氧化效果,在0.5~1.5 mg/mL浓度范围内,清除DPPH自由基的能力大于BHT小于V_C,在1~5 μg/mL浓度范围内,清除OH自由基的能力大于V_C小于BHT。应用于中式培根腌制过程中脂质氧化实验表明,与对照组相比添加RE及RE-K-CD-MOF各组均具有较低的过氧化值和丙二醛含量;与添加RE各组相比,添加RE-K-CD-MOF各组表现出更好的稳定性和抑制脂质氧化效果。与添加0.3% RE相比,添加0.3% RE-K-CD-MOF时,加工结束时中式培根的过氧化值降低了17.8%,丙二醛含量降低了17.2%。     

国内外帘线钢盘条夹杂物检验方法的介绍

围绕国内外帘线钢盘条的夹杂物检验方法，对国内外4种主要典型帘线钢盘条夹杂物检验方法进行了详细介绍及比较，了解了4种检验方法的技术特点，总结了帘线钢盘条夹杂物检验方法的核心要点，尤其对这4种检验方法中所涉及的试样取样面积、夹杂物的类型名称、光学显微镜下不同类型夹杂物的特征形貌进行了识别，阐明了做好帘线钢盘条夹杂物检验和质量控制的价值和意义。     

硅酸盐夹杂在集装箱底侧梁脆性开裂过程中的作用

某集装箱底侧梁在正常使用过程中发生开裂,事故发生时箱内载重未超过箱体允许的承重极限。通过对开裂的底侧梁进行化学成分光谱分析、拉伸及冲击性能测试、梁正常部位及断口毗邻区域金相检验、断口分析以及夹杂物综合分析等,分析了底侧梁开裂的原因,研究并解释了夹杂物在开裂过程中所起的作用。检验及分析结果表明,底侧梁钢板强韧性低下,且表面脱碳,存在表面强度进一步低于基体的现象,在服役过程中导致裂纹易于在表面萌生。酸溶铝(Als)含量极低,这也导致钢板存在较高的韧脆转变温度,服役过程中存在较大的安全隐患。同时钢板内存在大量大尺寸的MnO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃系和CaO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃系硅酸盐塑性夹杂,该夹杂在热加工过程中被严重拉长,分布于晶界和晶内,严重破坏了钢材基体连续性,导致其强韧性低下并促进了裂纹的扩展。服役过程中底侧梁R角处作为应力集中部位首先发生开裂,进而裂纹以沿晶+穿晶解理的方式快速扩展,最终脆性开裂。     

热力学分析MnS夹杂物析出与控制

 为了深入研究与控制重轨钢中大尺寸MnS夹杂物,针对目前热力学计算MnS析出行为问题,提出在应用时需要根据实际条件做相应的选择进行计算。在比较了目前几个常用的热力学数据后,基于U75V钢中MnS夹杂物形成过程,建立了适合计算MnS夹杂物析出的分段计算方法。研究表明,采用FactSage 6.4商业软件计算MnS析出温度为1 631 K,与平衡热力学参数计算的结果1 694 K相差63 K。该方法可准确预测MnS的析出行为,降低了热力学分析MnS析出的难度。在1 473、1 573 和1 673 K 3个温度下固溶硫质量分数分别为0.000 67%、0.001 67%和0.010 8%。在铸坯轧制之前的开坯和保温温度为1 563 K时,需要将钢中硫质量分数降低到0.001 67%以下,才能有效控制大尺寸的MnS夹杂物。     

高强度管线钢落锤撕裂性能的试验

摘要：以X80管线钢为试验材料，采用金相显微镜和扫描电子显微镜，研究了显微组织、M/A、夹杂物对管线钢落锤撕裂性能的影响。结果表明，管线钢落锤撕裂性能（DWTT）随着多边形铁素体体积分数的增加而改善，当多边形铁素体的体积分数超过某一临界值(约28%)后，DWTT性能开始降低；组织中的M/A岛细小且弥散分布，其尺寸控制在纳米级别有利于改善DWTT性能；针对本研究试验钢，若其厚度方向上组织均匀、组织中铁素体体积分数为28%、M/A岛平均尺寸和比例分别为0.42μm和2.8%时，试验钢具有最好的落锤撕裂性能（韧性剪切面积率94.5%）。     

The application and prospects of cyclodextrin inclusion complexes and polymers in the food industry: a review

Cyclodextrin is an odorless and tasteless cyclic oligosaccharide widely used in various fields such as food, medicine and the environment. Cyclodextrin can improve solubility and stability, and can mask the bad taste of specific substances. Cyclodextrins and their polymers primarily act by forming complexes in foods, and can be applied in food packing, food analysis, enhancing the properties of antioxidants, antibacterials, for stability and so on. The challenges and opportunities facing this area are reviewed. It is hoped that the review will provide useful information for future applications of cyclodextrin in the food industry. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry