Subdivision of work on construction projects

In order to control a project, construction management requires project information. This is obtained through accounting, estimating, cost management and scheduling functions which produce project reports. These reports are best obtained by subdividing the project into small parts. The ways in which each of these functions subdivides a project in order to produce its reports is discussed, together with a means of interrelating this information with a technique known as the work breakdown structure.     

国际微电子专用关键设备的现状和发展趋势（考察报告）

讲述了参观Ｓｅｍｉｃｏｎ／ｗｅｓｔ９４′展览会及考察美国和西德的５个公司、１所大学所了解到的投影光刻技术、电子束曝光技术、透镜面形测试技术的发展。     

多目标决策问题非支配解集的一种序列逼近方法

在多目标优化中,对非支配解集的估计是一项非常重要的工作.本文给出一种序列逼近非支配解集的方法.     

Performance on agile teams: Relating iteration objectives and critical decisions to project management success factors

ContextWhile project management success factors have long been established via the golden triangle, little is known about how project iteration objectives and critical decisions relate to these success factors. It seems logical that teams’ iteration objectives would reflect project management success factors, but this may not always be the case. If not, how are teams’ objectives for iterations differing from the golden triangle of project management success factors?ObjectiveThis study identifies iteration objectives and the critical decisions that relate to the golden triangle of project management success factors in agile software development teams working in two-week iterations.MethodThe author conducted semi-structured interviews with members across three different agile software development teams using a hybrid of XP and Scrum agile methodologies. Iteration Planning and Retrospective meetings were also observed. Interview data was transcribed, coded and reviewed by the researcher and two independently trained research assistants. Data analysis involved organizing the data to identify iteration objectives and critical decisions to identify whether they relate to project management success factors.ResultsAgile teams discussed four categories of iteration objectives: Functionality, Schedule, Quality and Team Satisfaction. Two of these objectives map directly to two aspects of the golden triangle: schedule and quality. The agile teams’ critical decisions were also examined to understand the types of decisions the teams would have made differently to ensure success, which resulted in four categories of such decisions: Quality, Dividing Work, Iteration Amendments and Team Satisfaction.ConclusionThis research has contributed to the software development and project management literature by examining iteration objectives on agile teams and how they relate to the golden triangle of project management success factors to see whether these teams incorporate the golden triangle factors in their objectives and whether they include additional objectives in their iterations. What’s more, this research identified four critical decisions related to the golden triangle. These findings provide important insight to the continuing effort to better assess project management success, particularly for agile teams.     

基于“投资-效益”准则的RC桥墩全寿命总费用

基于性能的抗震设计于20世纪90年代兴起以来,目前在土木建筑方面的文献较多,但是关于桥梁的研究成果较少。采用五级钢筋混凝土桥墩结构性能水平,以钢筋混凝土桥墩墩顶位移角为量化指标,建立了钢筋混凝土桥墩性能水平与钢筋混凝土桥墩位移角限值之间一一对应的关系。将地震危险性分析与最优设防烈度结合起来,建立基于投资-效益准则的RC桥墩全寿命总造价计算的通用框架。     

高职院校面向对象分析与设计教学方法探讨

面向对象分析与设计,涉及的内容新、实践性强。文章着眼于高等职业院校,分析了课程体系、教学目标,以类模型图为例,阐述了抽象-实现-建模的三步教学法。     

New polynomial time algorithms to compute a set of Pareto optimal paths for multi-objective shortest path problems

Multi-objective shortest path problem (MOSPP) is an active area of research because of its application in a large number of systems such as transportation systems, communication systems, power transmission systems, pipeline distribution systems of water, gas, blood and drainage, neural decision systems, production planning and project planning. In these networks it becomes necessary to find the best path from one node to a specified or all other nodes. The computational complexity of the existing algorithms in the literature to compute all Pareto minimum paths from a specified source node to all other nodes in an MOSPP is of exponential order in the worst case. Instead of generating all the values of the Pareto minimum paths in exponential time, we propose an algorithm to find a set of values of the Pareto minimum paths in polynomial time, which is very significant in many contexts. If an MOSPP of a network is having negative cycle, all the existing algorithm only indicate the existence of the negative cycle, that too after exponential number of operations. However, applying the proposed algorithm, we can find a set of Pareto minimum paths of any MOSPP of a network even if it contains negative cycles. The proposed algorithm is illustrated with examples.     

关于实施有效教学要素的思考

教学追求有效性,有效教学的达成与其要素的构成是密不可分的。课堂教学普遍存在低效的现状,该文从实践的角度揭示出实施有效教学的要素:教学目标、学习方式、反思性教学、课堂评价、师生关系。最终从理论的角度提出其作用:明晰的教学目标是有效教学的落脚点;改变学生学习方式是有效教学的着力点;坚持反思性教学是有效教学的生长点;发展性教学评价是有效教学的保障;和谐的师生关系是有效教学的关键点。     

谈利用会计业务流程再造实现财务报告目标相融合

我国新准则中提出的财务报告目标实现了与国际会计准则中目标的趋同,兼顾了受托责任观和决策有用观,体现了两种目标相融合的特点。但是,受传统会计工作的影响,我国会计工作要实现两种目标真正的融合还存在一定的障碍。文章提出,企业可以通过利用ERP系统进行会计业务流程再造,通过事件驱动、系统自动收集、时事报告等手段,改变会计信息的处理、采集和输出方式,提高会计信息质量,克服目标融合中出现的障碍,最终达到受托责任观和决策有用观同时体现,两种财务报告目标相融合的目的。     

Applications of psychology to television programming: Formulation of program objectives.

Asserts that in preparing objectives of television programming for children the instructor must (a) recognize the needs and interests of his/her audience and (b) match them to his/her educational purposes. The techniques used to identify and implement methods of attaining the goals of the television programs "Sesame Street" and "The Electric Company" are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)