煤泥燃烧过程中汞的迁移行为研究

采用在线汞测试方法，以山西省低热值煤电厂中掺烧的煤泥为研究对象，利用实验室小型流化床，研究煤泥中汞的热转化行为差异及共性特征、影响煤泥热转化过程中汞迁移的关键因素，以揭示煤泥热转化过程中汞污染物的迁移机理。结果表明，同一种煤泥，相同气氛，800、900、1 000 ℃下，燃烧温度对煤泥中的汞的释放比例没有变化；相同温度，汞的释放比例为氮气>空气>氧气。3种煤泥在相同燃烧条件下，汞的释放特征相似，元素汞的释放量和释放比例差异较大。释放量与煤泥中的汞含量正相关，释放比例与煤泥中汞的赋存形态有一定关系。     

平陆县玉米黏虫的发生与防治

玉米黏虫是平陆县玉米上的重要害虫之一,为害严重时,玉米叶片全部吃光或仅剩叶脉,一般减产50%以上,甚至绝收,给农业生产造成巨大损失。因此,研究其发生为害特点,对于保障农业生产至关重要。     

铁氧化物在流化床温度和CO气氛下的形态迁移及其对NO催化还原

利用小型固定床实验台实验研究了铁氧化物在典型流化床温度和CO还原性气氛下的形态迁移及其生成物对NO的催化还原作用，采用分级还原结合X射线衍射（XRD）表征分析，确定铁氧化物与CO和NO反应后生成物的价态及各种铁氧化物对NO的还原机制。结果表明，Fe₂O₃在实验条件下可依次被CO还原为Fe₃O₄、FeO和单质铁，反应过程中随着还原度的增加，还原速率逐级下降，从Fe₂O₃还原到Fe₃O₄的速率最高，FeO还原到Fe速率最低，在实验温度范围内，床温升高有利于提高Fe₂O₃到Fe₃O₄的还原速率和还原度。不同形态的铁氧化物对NO的催化还原特性不同，Fe₂O₃及其部分还原后生成的Fe₃O₄都不能直接与NO反应，Fe₂O₃对CO催化还原NO的效果很弱，而Fe₃O₄对CO还原NO的反应却有很强的催化作用，而进一步还原生成FeO与单质铁还可直接与NO反应。     

平顶山矿区地形曲率对瓦斯赋存的影响

煤层瓦斯赋存是瓦斯防治的重要指标之一。根据平顶山矿区地形的数字高程模型研究了矿区的地形曲率变化，并结合矿区煤层瓦斯含量测试结果和瓦斯含量等值线图，进一步探讨了地形曲率与瓦斯赋存规律的关系。以地形曲率半径作为研究对象，结果表明，平顶山矿区地形曲率变化复杂区域煤层瓦斯含量变化范围也较大，正、负地形曲率转变地区易出现高瓦斯煤层。     

胡尖山地区长4+5层油气富集控制因素研究

胡尖山地区长4+5油层组储层非均质性强、物性差异较大,开展该区储层地质特征研究,尤其是针对胡尖山地区长4+5油层组的构造形态、储层特征、孔隙类型、油藏类型的研究,分析原油的分布特征,总结原油富集区的聚集特征、重点分析分布特征及控制因素,得到胡尖山地区长4+5层油气富集的规律,可加深对优质储层形成机理和分布规律的认识,为油藏勘探开发提供有利的方向。     

Furan and Methylfurans in Foods: An Update on Occurrence,Mitigation, and Risk Assessment

The acceptance of many foods is related to traditional cooking practices, which create taste and texture and are important to digestibility, preservation, and the reduction of foodborne illnesses. A wide range of compounds are formed during the cooking of foods, a number of these have been shown to lead to adverse effects in classical toxicological models and are known as food processing contaminants (FPC). It is essential that the presence and effects of such compounds alone and in combination within the diet are understood such that proportionate risk management measures can be developed, while taking a holistic view across the whole value chain. Furan and alkylfurans (principally 2‐ and 3‐methylfuran) are highly volatile FPC, which are formed in a wide range of foods at low amounts. The focus of research to‐date has been on those foods, which have been identified to be most consequential in terms of being sources of exposure, namely jarred and canned foods for infants and young children (meals and drinks) and coffee (roast and ground, soluble). This report presents (i) new industry data on the occurrence of furan and methylfurans in selected food categories following previous coffee studies, (ii) the most salient parameters that impact furan formation, and (iii) aspects of importance for the risk assessment.     

Worldwide aflatoxin contamination of agricultural products and foods: From occurrence to control

Aflatoxins represent a global public health and economic concern as they are responsible for significant adverse health and economic issues affecting consumers and farmers worldwide. Produced by fungal species from the Aspergillus genus, aflatoxins are a toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic group of fungal metabolites that routinely contaminate food and agricultural products. Climate and diet are essential factors in the aflatoxin contamination of food and subsequent human exposure process. Countri es with warmer climates and staple foods that are aflatoxin-susceptible shoulder a substantial portion of the global aflatoxins burden. Enactment of regulations, prevention of pre- and postharvest contamination, decontamination, and detoxification have been used to prevent human dietary exposure to aflatoxin. Exploiting their chemical and structural properties, means are devised to detect and quantify aflatoxin presence in foods. Herein, recent developments in several important aspects impacting aflatoxin contamination of the food supply, including: fungal producers of the toxin, occurrence in food, worldwide regulations, detection methods, preventive strategies, and removal and degradation methods were reviewed and presented. In conclusion, aflatoxin continues to be a major food safety problem, especially in developing countries where regulatory limits do not exist or are not adequately enforced. Finally, knowledge gaps and current challenges in each discussed aspect were identified, and new solutions were proposed.     

日本の寒地，北海道における2030年代の水稲生育への温暖化の影響予測とその対応(日语原文)

北海道では1980年代から2010年代まで，水稲圃場栽培期間である5–9月の気温は年代とともに上昇した。そこで，直近の2010年代（2010—2019年平均）と比べて， 2つの2030年代の予測気象から，既報の関係式より水稲生育を予測した。その結果，2030年代では2010年代に比べ，限界移植日（移植早限）が水稲栽培17地域の平均で8～9日早い。また，早限出穂期が1～5日早く，晩限出穂期が1～5日遅く，安全出穂期間が2～10日長い。出穂期は1～3日早い。出穂期から晩限出穂まで2～9日長いため，遅延型冷害の発生がやや少ない。生育期別気象は，出穂前24日以降30日間では生育が早いため平均気温が同じかやや低い。出穂前10日以降40日間および出穂期以降40日間では平均気温がやや高く，日射量はやや少ない。そのため，玄米収量は96～98％とやや低く，潜在収量性を示す気候登熟量示数は同じである。障害不稔発生に関係する穂ばらみ期冷害危険期の平均気温はわずかに低いかほぼ同じであるため，冷害発生の危険性は残る。一方，不稔発生をもたらす低温域の出現頻度には，地域間で差異がある。精米蛋白質含有率は同じであるが，アミロース含有率はやや低く，やや良食味である。米粒外観品質では被害粒歩合と着色粒歩合は一定の傾向がなく，未熟粒歩合はやや高い。精米白度は同じであるが，玄米白度はやや高い。以上の予測に対する技術的対応方向を示した。