“新国潮”设计要素对受众关注度的影响研究

目的 针对“新国潮”这一新兴的设计现象进行受众关注度研究，旨在剖析“新国潮”设计风格，发现影响“新国潮”受众关注度的设计要素，并展开实验分析，为设计领域的实证研究提供方法层面上的启示，为“新国潮”风格的推广提供设计策略。方法 在从字体、符号和色彩三方面解构“新国潮”设计要素的基础上，通过因素分析方法确定实验数据的信度、效度，运用眼动实验系统和方差分析法从无意注意和有意注意两个阶段实证研究“新国潮”设计要素对受众关注度的影响，并对原因展开分析。结果 在无意注意阶段，书法体、有色彩渐变、高纯度色彩、非象征符号能够获得较高关注度;在有意注意阶段，受众对宋体、有色彩渐变、高纯度色彩、象征符号的关注度更高。结论 研究在提高受众对“新国潮”画面的关注度、发现关注度影响机理和构建设计要素有效表达方面具有重要意义。     

Historical and contemporary movement and survival rates of walleye (Sander vitreus) in Lake Winnipeg,Canada

Understanding patterns of fish movement in large lake ecosystems is essential for determining appropriate management actions as differences in movement behaviour can influence life history traits such as growth and survival. Lake Winnipeg in Manitoba, Canada supports the 2nd largest walleye (Sander vitreus) commercial fishery in North America. We used mark-recapture models to determine movement and estimate survival of walleye between basins of Lake Winnipeg in historical and contemporary contexts, comparing a tag-recovery study completed historically during 1974–1977 with a contemporary (2017–2019) acoustic telemetry study. Mark-recapture models revealed comparably low but detectable annual transitions between basins from historical (0.3–1.2%) and contemporary datasets (7–8.5%). Historically, fish > 300 mm more frequently moved in a south to north direction. Contemporary estimates suggest similar length-based directionality in that fish > 350 mm were always more likely to move in a south-north direction. Contemporary annual survival derived from mark-recapture models ranged between 27 and 45% and 64.3% when derived from catch curve analysis, while independently derived annual historical survival estimates ranged between 50 and 69% and 45.5% from catch curve analysis. Using the contemporary dataset, we also observed seasonal variation in movement and survival between basins, with the greatest movement across the lake occurring during the fall. Our results demonstrate a persisting pattern of low but measurable movement, suggesting between basin movement is not unusual for Lake Winnipeg. Further, low walleye survival rates reported here for the two time periods studied, support recent management actions to reduce fishing pressure across the lake.     

荔浦市岩质崩塌形成条件及失稳运动特征

通过对荔浦市境内碳酸盐岩区岩质崩塌及该区域地质环境条件的调查,总结了岩质崩塌的规模、发育高度、控制结构面等发育特征,分析了岩质崩塌形成条件,并判断岩质崩塌的失稳运动特征。本文以一处危岩为例,用无人机进行三维扫描并分析其形成原因及预测其失稳运动特征。     

A Study on Dual-Load-Zone Model of Overlying Strata and Evolution Law of Mining Stress

The changeable structure and movement law of overlying strata are the main contributor to the change of mining stress. Starting from the relevant theory of key stratum and particularly based on the theory of mine ground pressure and strata control, this research proposed a new solution to mining stress problems by establishing a dual-load-zone stratum structural model. Elastic foundation beam theory was used to solve the stress of overlying strata of the dual-load-zones with superposition method, which revised the traditional calculation method of mining stress. The abnormal increase of lead abutment pressure in the mining area was explained effectively, through which the evolution law of mining stress in the case of hard rock was obtained. The results indicate that mining stress experiences a drastic change within the range of 50 m ahead of the coal wall due to the collapse of main roof; under the influence of main key stratum and inferior key strata, the influence range of lead abutment pressure is extended up to approximately 120 m in the working face; this remarkable increase can be attributed to the excessive length of sagging zone. Results from both the dual-load-zone model experiment and field measurement demonstrate high consistency. The model can predict the influence range of abutment pressure effectively and thus guide the safety production of mining.     

Eye movements and visual discomfort when viewing stereoscopic 3D content

The visual brain fuses the left and right images projected onto the two eyes from a stereoscopic 3D (S3D) display, perceives parallax, and rebuilds a sense of depth. In this process, the eyes adjust vergence and accommodation to adapt to the depths and parallax of the points they gazed at. Conflicts between accommodation and vergence when viewing S3D content potentially lead to visual discomfort. A variety of approaches have been taken towards understanding the perceptual bases of discomfort felt when viewing S3D, including extreme disparities or disparity gradients, negative disparities, dichoptic presentations, and so on. However less effort has been applied towards understanding the role of eye movements as they relate to visual discomfort when viewing S3D. To study eye movements in the context of S3D viewing discomfort, a Shifted-S3D-Image-Database (SSID) is constructed using 11 original nature scene S3D images and their 6 shifted versions. We conducted eye-tracking experiments on humans viewing S3D images in SSID while simultaneously collecting their judgments of experienced visual discomfort. From the collected eye-tracking data, regions of interest (ROIs) were extracted by kernel density estimation using the fixation data, and an empirical formula fitted between the disparities of salient objects marked by the ROIs and the mean opinion scores (MOS). Finally, eye-tracking data was used to analyze the eye movement characteristics related to S3D image quality. Fifteen eye movement features were extracted, and a visual discomfort predication model learned using a support vector regressor (SVR). By analyzing the correlations between features and MOS, we conclude that angular disparity features have a strong correlation with human judgments of discomfort.     

巨厚煤层开采覆岩含水层破坏模拟——以准东大井矿区为例

本文针对准东矿区巨厚煤层典型赋存特征,以大井矿区为研究对象,通过识别覆岩关键层及含水层,采用UDEC数值模拟方法,建立大井矿区巨厚煤层开采覆岩力学模型,对不同开采方法覆岩含水层破坏进行了模拟研究。结果表明:研究区覆岩关键层分为4层、覆岩含水层共2层;开采厚度相同时,大采高开采覆岩下沉量、裂隙带发育高度及开采对含水层的扰动影响均大于放顶煤开采;采高24m,推进长度为300m时,导水裂隙已发育至含水层Ⅱ;主关键层对覆岩位移、裂隙分布及开采对含水层的扰动影响起关键作用。     

三山岛北部海域金矿大规模海下开采地表岩移预测分析

三山岛北部海域金矿赋存于海平面下,设计生产能力达到12 000t/d,水下开采技术难度大,若矿体开采强度过高、顶柱隔离层保留不足,将可能造成海床沉降变形,引发海水倒灌的风险。根据矿床开采技术条件,在获取有限岩石力学参数条件下,本次采用软件模拟分析了海下矿床上向充填法开采条件下的地表岩移特征。研究结果表明,地表沉降变形最大值分布于矿体上盘区域,随着开采由深部逐渐转入浅部区域,地表沉降变形不断增大,研究建议留设160m顶柱,能够保证海下矿体安全开采。     

多层油藏火驱开发模式探讨

针对多层油藏火驱开发过程面临的点火初期井筒内发生燃烧和储层纵向有效动用程度低、油藏动态跟踪和调控难度大等问题,结合室内实验数据、矿场试验数据,运用油藏工程分析方法,明确了火驱的本质特征是高温氧化反应,保证高温氧化的最关键参数是不同阶段注气强度,火驱开发是一种末次采油方式。将上述研究成果应用于多层油藏火驱开发方案设计中,结果表明:多层油藏火驱开发方案应细分开发层系,开发目的层的总厚度应小于30 m,含油层段厚度应小于20 m;开发程序可采用自下而上、逐层上返,通过层间接替实现长期稳产。研究内容对多层油藏火驱开发提高采收率和降低工程风险具有重要意义。     

采动覆岩卸荷膨胀累积效应

地下煤层开采引起的岩层运动是一系列安全和环境问题的根源,研究采动岩层运动规律是安全、高效、绿色开采的重要基础。通过对岩层运动过程的研究,揭示了采动覆岩卸荷膨胀累积效应及其对岩层运动规律的影响机制。研究表明:采动覆岩经历了卸荷膨胀与再压实的动态过程。受关键层结构控制,上覆岩层由下向上成组破断运动,关键层破断前,阻断了上覆载荷向下方岩层的传递,导致其因卸荷而产生膨胀,包括碎胀与弹性膨胀。随着关键层破断高度增加,覆岩卸荷高度同步增大,因卸荷而膨胀的岩层总厚度不断增大;同时卸荷煤岩也受到已破断关键层载荷的压实作用,从而造成覆岩卸荷膨胀总量的不断变化。将这种覆岩卸荷膨胀总量随覆岩卸荷高度动态变化的现象定义为采动覆岩卸荷膨胀累积效应,进而建立了理论模型,并通过淮北海孜煤矿巨厚火成岩下采煤覆岩裂隙实测进行了验证。结果表明,采动覆岩卸荷膨胀累积效应对采动岩层运动规律产生了重要影响,如影响覆岩关键层下离层量,影响覆岩关键层贯通破断的高度,影响不同开采条件的地表下沉系数等。采动覆岩卸荷膨胀累积效应改变了对离层存在形式的传统认识,该效应的存在导致关键层下最大离层量一般小于采高的10%,覆岩可注浆充填空间并非传统认识上的“离层区”,而主要是注浆充填压力“压实”作用下将覆岩卸荷累积膨胀所转化出的那部分空间,该发现指导了覆岩隔离注浆充填绿色开采技术的创新研发及其在建筑物压煤开采中的成功实践。     

深埋矿体移动带三维圈定方法及应用

针对深埋矿山开采移动带二维圈定方法工作量大、精度低且难以满足日益增长的经济效益需求的问题，提出了一种深埋复杂矿体移动范围三维确定方法。结合沙岭金矿千米深井工程实例，在移动范围确定过程中，借助先进的3D建模技术获得三维矿山模型。该模型可以实现各类地质体的可视化，直观地展示其形态与产状，清晰地反映各构成因素间的相互关系。在3D模型中截取的特征剖面与经典移动带圈定岩移参数获取方法相结合，能轻松获得各特征剖面上的岩移参数值。通过给定的岩移参数值进而确定各特征剖面上的地表移动边界点，将各移动边界点连接即可实现矿山移动范围的圈定。研究结果表明，基于三维地质建模技术的移动带圈定方法合理可行，确定的纱岭金矿地表移动带能够兼顾安全生产与经济效益，为矿山生产开发奠定了有益基础，为类似矿山提供了有益借鉴。