LCD-SLA 3D printing of BaTiO3 piezoelectric ceramics

Stereolithography-based 3D printing is a promising method to produce complex shapes from piezoceramic materials. In this study, LCD-SLA 3D printing was used to create lead-free piezoceramics based on barium titanate (BaTiO₃, BT). Three types of BT powders (micron, submicron and nanoscale) were tested in LCD-SLA 3D printing, and a technique for the preparation of a ceramic slurry suitable for LCD-SLA printing has been developed. Using TGA-DSC analysis, the thermal debinding parameters to obtain crack-free samples were determined, followed by further sintering and the study of the piezoelectric properties (ε_r = 1965, d₃₃ = 200 pC/N, tan = 1,7 %). The results of the study demonstrate high potential for the production of complex piezoceramic elements that can be used in aviation, in particular, aviation radio equipment; in the marine industry for transceiver modules of hydroacoustic antennas; and in the nuclear industry for pressure control sensors in the steam–water path.     

Phase constitution,microstructure and mechanical properties of a Ni-based superalloy specially designed for additive manufacturing

In this study, a kind of Ni-based superalloy specially designed for additive manufacturing (AM) was investigated. Thermo-Calc simulation and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis were used to determine phases and their transformation temperature. Experimental specimens were prepared by laser metal deposition (LMD) and traditional casting method. Microstructure, phase constitution and mechanical properties of the alloy were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission scanning electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and tensile tests. The results show that this alloy contains two basic phases, γ/γ', in addition to these phases, at least two secondary phases may be present, such as MC carbides and Laves phases. Furthermore, the as-deposited alloy has finer dendrite, its mean primary dendrite arm space (PDAS) is about 30-45 μm, and the average size of γ' particles is 100-150 nm. However, the dendrite size of the as-cast alloy is much larger and its PDAS is 300-500 μm with secondary and even third dendrite arms. Correspondingly, the alloy displays different tensile behavior with different processing methods, and the as-deposited specimen shows better ultimate tensile stress (1,085.7±51.7 MPa), yield stress (697±19.5 MPa) and elongation (25.8%±2.2%) than that of the as-cast specimen. The differences in mechanical properties of the alloy are due to the different morphology and size of dendrites, γ', and Laves phase, and the segregation of elements, etc. Such important information would be helpful for alloy application as well as new alloy development.     

Methods and mechanisms for uniformly refining deformed mixed and coarse grains inside a solution-treated Ni-based superalloy by two-stage heat treatment

The uniform refinement mechanisms and methods of deformed mixed and coarse grains inside a solution-treatment Ni-based superalloy during two-stage annealing treatment have been investigated.The two-stage heat treatment experiments include an aging annealing treatment(AT)and a subsequent recrystallization annealing treatment(RT).The object of AT is to precipitate some δ phases and consume part of storage energy to inhibit the grain growth during RT,while the RT is to refine mixed and coarse grains by recrystallization.It can be found that the recrystallization grains will quickly grow up to a large size when the AT time is too low or the RT temperature is too high,while the deformed coarse grains cannot be eliminated when the AT time is too long or the RT temperature is too low.In addition,the mixed microstructure composed of some abnormal coarse recrystallization grains(ACRGs)and a large number of fine grains can be observed in the annealed specimen when the AT time is 3 h and RT tem-perature is 980℃.The phenomenon attributes to the uneven distribution of δ phase resulted from the heterogeneous deformation energy when the AT time is too short.In the regions with a large number of δ phases,the recrystallization nucleation rate is promoted and the growth of grains is limited,which results in fine grains.However,in the regions with few δ phases,the recrystallization grains around grain boundaries can easily grow up,and the new recrystallization nucleus is difficult to form inside grain,which leads to ACRGs.Thus,in order to obtain uniform and fine annealed microstructure,it is a prereq-uisite to precipitate even-distributed δ phase by choosing a suitable AT time,such as 12 h.Moreover,a relative high RT temperature is also needed to promote the recrystallization nucleation around δ phase.The optimal annealing parameters range for uniformly refining mixed crystal can be summarized as:900℃×12 h+990℃×(40-60 min)and 900℃×12 h+1000℃×(10-15 min).     

Rational Design of Potent Inhibitors of a Metallohydrolase Using a Fragment-Based Approach

Metallohydrolases form a large group of enzymes that have fundamental importance in a broad range of biological functions. Among them, the purple acid phosphatases (PAPs) have gained attention due to their crucial role in the acquisition and use of phosphate by plants and also as a promising target for novel treatments of bone-related disorders and cancer. To date, no crystal structure of a mammalian PAP with drug-like molecules bound near the active site is available. Herein, we used a fragment-based design approach using structures of a mammalian PAP in complex with the Maybridge^TM fragment CC063346, the amino acid L-glutamine and the buffer molecule HEPES, as well as various solvent molecules to guide the design of highly potent and efficient mammalian PAP inhibitors. These inhibitors have improved aqueous solubility when compared to the clinically most promising PAP inhibitors available to date. Furthermore, drug-like fragments bound in newly discovered binding sites mapped out additional scaffolds for further inhibitor discovery, as well as scaffolds for the design of inhibitors with novel modes of action.     

Single Cell Bioprinting with Ultrashort Laser Pulses

Tissue engineering requires the precise positioning of mammalian cells and biomaterials on substrate surfaces or in preprocessed scaffolds. Although the development of 2D and 3D bioprinting technologies has made substantial progress in recent years, precise, cell-friendly, easy to use, and fast technologies for selecting and positioning mammalian cells with single cell precision are still in need. A new laser-based bioprinting approach is therefore presented, which allows the selection of individual cells from complex cell mixtures based on morphology or fluorescence and their transfer onto a 2D target substrate or a preprocessed 3D scaffold with single cell precision and high cell viability (93–99% cell survival, depending on cell type and substrate). In addition to precise cell positioning, this approach can also be used for the generation of 3D structures by transferring and depositing multiple hydrogel droplets. By further automating and combining this approach with other 3D printing technologies, such as two-photon stereolithography, it has a high potential of becoming a fast and versatile technology for the 2D and 3D bioprinting of mammalian cells with single cell resolution.     

On the Catalytic Activity of Sn Monomers and Dimers at Graphene Edges and the Synchronized Edge Dependence of Diffusing Atoms in Sn Dimers

In this study, in situ transmission electron microscopy is performed to study the interaction between single (monomer) and paired (dimer) Sn atoms at graphene edges. The results reveal that a single Sn atom can catalyze both the growth and etching of graphene by the addition and removal of C atoms respectively. Additionally, the frequencies of the energetically favorable configurations of an Sn atom at a graphene edge, calculated using density functional theory calculations, are compared with experimental observations and are found to be in good agreement. The remarkable dynamic processes of binary atoms (dimers) are also investigated and is the first such study to the best of the knowledge. Dimer diffusion along the graphene edges depends on the graphene edge termination. Atom pairs (dimers) involving an armchair configuration tend to diffuse with a synchronized shuffling (step-wise shift) action, while dimer diffusion at zigzag edge terminations show a strong propensity to collapse the dimer with each atom diffusing in opposite directions (monomer formation). Moreover, the data reveals the role of C feedstock availability on the choice a single Sn atom makes in terms of graphene growth or etching. This study advances the understanding single atom catalytic activity at graphene edges.     

温度对核电站传热管阵列声透射特性的影响

为了研究温度分布对于管阵列结构中的声透射特性的影响，以核电站的实际工况为背景，构建了不同的温度场以及周期性变化的非均匀温度场，利用有限元方法进行数值模拟。结果表明：（1）温度分布会改变管阵列声透射频谱的“禁带”宽度以及中心频率位置。在同一介质中，温度变化对频率较高位置的影响大于频率较低的位置。（2）在同样为10℃的温度差下，当水的平均声速为1 653 m·s^-1、饱和水蒸气的平均声速为522.5 m·s^-1时，介质为水时的禁带宽度及中心频率位置变化较大，即声速大的介质的频谱对于温度的变化更敏感。（3）当温度差在10℃以内，在周期性变化的非均匀温度场和与均匀温度场中管阵列声透射特性在第一中心频率23 996.1 Hz之前，两频谱差别很小，在第一禁带之后会出现明显区别。该研究成果对完善核电站应用的声学检测提供了理论基础。     

双联斜齿轮斜齿脱模机构及改进型三板模设计

依据双联斜齿轮和单斜齿轮2个塑件同模注塑的需要,以双联斜齿轮塑件的模腔设计为中心,设计了一副一模两腔点浇口多板模注塑模具。模具中,双联齿轮的上、下斜齿轮斜齿分别使用2个可旋转斜齿轮成型件进行成型;单斜齿轮使用1个可旋转斜齿轮成型件进行成型。3个斜齿成型件设置成转动型成型件,依靠塑件的移动以驱动斜齿成型件转动,达到塑件斜齿脱模的目的;塑件的脱模移动有两种动力来源,一种是模具模板的打开驱动,一种是使用推管顶出驱动。模具为一种改进型三板模结构,定模侧增加了流道板,动模侧增加了垫板,从而可以实现模具的4次开模;4次开模动作中,2次用于流道废料的脱模,1次用于流道镶件的先抽芯驱动,1次用于模腔的打开和双联斜齿轮上斜齿轮的旋转脱模驱动。     

双对苯醌的抗氧化活性分析及其固体发酵条件优化

为探索生物活性未知的双对苯醌（2,7-dihydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-9H-xanthene-1,4,5,8-tetraone，DTXT）的抗氧化活性，并提高其发酵产量，考察DTXT的还原力以及对超氧阴离子自由基、羟自由基、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl，DPPH）自由基的清除效果，在单因素试验基础上，采用响应面法优化了DTXT产生菌瓶生顶孢霉（Acremonium cavaraeanum）CA022菌株的固体发酵培养基。结果表明：在200 μg/mL质量浓度下，DTXT的还原力与芦丁差异不显著，高于VE和2,6-二叔丁基-4甲基苯酚，对超氧阴离子自由基清除率达到67.00%，对羟自由基清除率达到78.83%，对DPPH自由基清除率达到76.53%。通过响应面试验，得到最佳培养基配方为葡萄糖0.773%、硝酸钠0.185%、H3BO3 0.032%、VB1 100 μg/100 g，在此条件下实际获得的DTXT产量为4 150.8 mg/kg，是优化前产量的（2 864.83 mg/kg）1.45 倍。     

Noncentrosymmetric Tetrel Pnictides RuSi4P4 and IrSi3P3: Nonlinear Optical Materials with Outstanding Laser Damage Threshold

Noncentrosymmetric (NCS) tetrel pnictides have recently generated interest as nonlinear optical (NLO) materials due to their second harmonic generation (SHG) activity and large laser damage threshold (LDT). Herein nonmetal-rich silicon phosphides RuSi₄P₄ and IrSi₃P₃ are synthesized and characterized. Their crystal structures are reinvestigated using single crystal X-ray diffraction and ²⁹Si and ³¹P magic angle spinning NMR. In agreement with previous report RuSi₄P₄ crystallizes in NCS space group P1, while IrSi₃P₃ is found to crystallize in NCS space group Cm, in contrast with the previously reported space group C2. A combination of DFT calculations and diffuse reflectance measurements reveals RuSi₄P₄ and IrSi₃P₃ to be wide bandgap (E_g) semiconductors, E_g = 1.9 and 1.8 eV, respectively. RuSi₄P₄ and IrSi₃P₃ outperform the current state-of-the-art infrared SHG material, AgGaS₂, both in SHG activity and laser inducer damage threshold. Due to the combination of high thermal stabilities (up to 1373 K), wide bandgaps (≈2 eV), NCS crystal structures, strong SHG responses, and large LDT values, RuSi₄P₄ and IrSi₃P₃ are promising candidates for longer wavelength NLO materials.