The social profitability of rural roads in a small open economy: Do urban agglomeration economies matter?

The effects of a rural roads programme depend on labour mobility, how the programme is financed, and agglomeration economies. If financed by a rural poll tax and cross-price effects and agglomeration economies are sufficiently small, the wage will rise, with some return migration. Taxes on trade act as countervailing distortions, yielding urban households some relief. Rural-urban commuting promotes the exploitation of agglomeration economies; taxes on international trade are then inferior to a poll tax. The change in the value, at producer prices, of the rural sector's net supply vector can be a poor measure of the programme's social profitability.     

Human DDX17 Unwinds Rift Valley Fever Virus Non-Coding RNAs

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a mosquito-transmitted virus from the Bunyaviridae family that causes high rates of mortality and morbidity in humans and ruminant animals. Previous studies indicated that DEAD-box helicase 17 (DDX17) restricts RVFV replication by recognizing two primary non-coding RNAs in the S-segment of the genome: the intergenic region (IGR) and 5′ non-coding region (NCR). However, we lack molecular insights into the direct binding of DDX17 with RVFV non-coding RNAs and information on the unwinding of both non-coding RNAs by DDX17. Therefore, we performed an extensive biophysical analysis of the DDX17 helicase domain (DDX17_135–555) and RVFV non-coding RNAs, IGR and 5’ NCR. The homogeneity studies using analytical ultracentrifugation indicated that DDX17_135–555, IGR, and 5’ NCR are pure. Next, we performed small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments, which suggested that DDX17 and both RNAs are homogenous as well. SAXS analysis also demonstrated that DDX17 is globular to an extent, whereas the RNAs adopt an extended conformation in solution. Subsequently, microscale thermophoresis (MST) experiments were performed to investigate the direct binding of DDX17 to the non-coding RNAs. The MST experiments demonstrated that DDX17 binds with the IGR and 5’ NCR with a dissociation constant of 5.77 ± 0.15 µM and 9.85 ± 0.11 µM, respectively. As DDX17_135–555 is an RNA helicase, we next determined if it could unwind IGR and NCR. We developed a helicase assay using MST and fluorescently-labeled oligos, which suggested DDX17_135–555 can unwind both RNAs. Overall, our study provides direct evidence of DDX17_135–555 interacting with and unwinding RVFV non-coding regions.     

基质辅助激光解吸电离质谱成像技术及其在食品分析中的应用

基质辅助激光解吸电离质谱成像(matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging,MALDI-MSI)技术是一种新型的分析技术,具有无需提取、分离、纯化待测样品,操作简便、灵敏度高等优点,广泛应用于生物、医学等领域。虽然其在食品领域还未建立完善的测定方法,但由于该技术可对食品中的化合物进行空间成像分析,故其在食品领域中也将具有广阔的应用前景。本文在介绍MALDI-MSI技术成像原理的基础上,综述了该技术的样品制备和在食品成分分析中的应用,并对其应用前景进行了展望,以期为MALDI-MSI技术在食品研究中的应用和推广提供借鉴。     

水电站大型竖井施工安全风险控制措施研究

竖井是大型水电工程中广泛采用的重要建筑物,但竖井的传统施工方法存在施工程序复杂、人工劳动强度大、施工效率不高等特点,同时还存在较大的安全风险。通过对杨房沟水电站大型竖井施工过程的研究,总结出精细化控制爆破、小溜渣井施工方式,同时也设计了一套用于运输的综合提升系统。采用上述创新方法不仅减少了繁琐的施工程序,降低了安全施工风险,而且大量采用机械化手段进一步提高了施工效率,确保了该工程竖井施工的安全风险可控。相关措施可为类似工程的竖井施工提供较好的借鉴作用。     

基于RGV轨导柔性线环境离散型零件生产过程管理与实践

为满足航空中小型结构件快速交付的需要,以提升航空中小型结构件制造高精度、自动化和高效率为目标,通过对航空中小型结构件加工现状进行梳理分析,搭建柔性生产线自动排程与调度平台,实现柔性生产线工艺设计与准备过程管理,简化工艺准备流程,推进快换工装的应用并进行自动化程序管理;在柔性生产线加工运行过程中采用可视化管理方法,推动自动化环境下加工过程资源保障集中化管理。最终使该管理方法在某项目中进行成功实践,取得了良好的经济效益。     

基于Bootstrap方法的密封寿命可靠性评估

针对高可靠、长寿命密封件在小样本试验下的可靠性寿命评估需求,提出一种基于虚拟增广样本和Bootstrap方法的密封寿命小样本数据可靠性评估方法。并以轴用阶梯圈为例,进行寿命可靠性评估。首先通过虚拟增广法将轴用阶梯圈台架寿命试验数据样本数增广至10个,使得样本数满足Bootstrap方法的适用条件;然后再利用Bootstrap方法得到轴用阶梯圈的寿命可靠性评估结果。     

小尺度交通信号灯的检测与状态识别

交通信号灯识别包括检测和状态识别，在智能交通系统中发挥重要作用。基于YOLOv3算法提出了一种交通信号灯检测与状态识别模型。针对交通信号灯相较于交通场景中其他目标具有尺度小的特性进行了算法的设计：降低骨干网络的下采样倍率以增加小尺度目标的特征描述能力；通过增大特征图的尺度来改进多尺度特征融合；引入广义交并比作为检测任务的损失函数来改进目标边界框的回归效果。同时，根据交通信号灯本身的特性，使用颜色和形状约束的方法对信号灯进行状态识别和类别验证。最后在公开的Bosch交通信号灯数据集上和实际的城区道路进行了实验验证。实验结果表明，所提出的算法能够提升交通信号灯识别的精度和召回率，识别准确率可以达到90%左右。     

阳泉矿区煤样不同应力状态下声发射特性分析

为探索原煤煤样的力学性能和不同应力状态下的声发射活动特性,对阳泉矿区新景矿、平舒矿主采煤层的煤样进行了单轴、三轴压缩和巴西劈裂的声发射试验,分析了2种煤样力学性能及不同加载过程的声发射活动规律。证明通过监测声发射(微震)活动分析煤样或煤岩体内部破坏状态是一种方便有效的手段。     

Test sample allocation method for testability verification test

An extended failure mode effect and criticality analysis (FMECA)-based sample allocation method for testability verification is presented in this study to deal with the poor representativeness of test sample sets and the randomness of the testability evaluation results caused by unreasonable selection of failure samples. First, the fault propagation intensity is introduced as part of the extended information of FMECA, and the sample allocation impact factors of component units and failure modes are determined under this framework. Then, the failure mode similarity and impact factor support are defined, and the game decision method for weighing the relationship between similarity and support is proposed to obtain the weight of failure mode impact factor. Finally, a two-step allocation framework of test samples is formulated to realize the sample allocation of component units and failure modes. This method is applied to the testability verification test of a launch control system. Results show that this method can obtain more representative test samples compared with the traditional sample allocation method while effectively reducing randomness of single testability evaluation result.     

关于锦州市食品小作坊食品安全状况的调查报告

目的 对锦州市食品小作坊食品安全状况进行调查，并对调查结果进行分析，以期了解锦州食品加工小作坊的加工现状与存在的安全问题。方法 采用线上与线下相结合的方式对锦州食品小作坊食品安全现状进行调查分析，对问卷与实地记录进行数据分类整理与统计汇总，并对数据进行分析。结果 锦州食品小作坊食品购买者主要是21至30岁的青年人，学生、上班族构成购买小作坊食品的主要消费群体，消费者对食品安全问题的防范意识不强。在设备设施方面，锦州食品小作坊普遍存在加工设施简陋、陈旧现象，65.6%的食品小作坊没有明确的分工场所，并存在有原辅料与半成品、成品混放现象；72.63%的食品小作坊存在加工器具老化、锈渍、不卫生现象；在从业人员方面，多数未持有健康证明从事食品加工行业，并且71%的食品小作坊从业人员存在缺少食品安全知识，卫生观念差、法律意识淡薄等问题；在生产管理方面，存在擅自添加、掺假掺杂现象。在食品包装和标识方面，60.53%的食品小作坊存在生产日期、保质期等信息残缺、不完整现象，同时70%锦州食品小作坊未达到备案的条件要求，在无《食品生产许可证》条件下进行生产加工。结论 通过对锦州市食品小作坊安全状况的调查，了解了食品加工小作坊加工现状与存在的安全问题并分析原因，提出政府应设立食品风险预警与风险交流的媒介，进行科普与法律宣传、市场监管部门加强监管与巡查力度，消费者增强食品安全意识与维权意识等建议。