Influence of Al3+ doping for V5+ on the structural,optical, thermal and electrical properties of V2-xAlxO5-δ (x=0–0.20) ceramics

This paper reports an investigation on the structure-properties correlation of trivalent metal oxide (Al₂O₃)-doped V₂O₅ ceramics synthesized by the melt-quench technique. XRD patterns confirmed a single orthorhombic V₂O₅ phase formation with increasing strain on the doping of Al₂O₃ in place of V₂O₅ in the samples estimated by Williamson-Hall analysis. FTIR and Raman investigations revealed a structural change as [VO₅] polyhedra converts into [VO₄] polyhedra on the doping of Al₂O₃ into V₂O₅. The optical band gap was found in a wide semiconductor range as confirmed by UV–visible spectroscopy analysis. The thermal and conductivity behavior of the prepared samples were studied using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and impedance analyzer, respectively. All the prepared ceramics exhibit good DC conductivity (0.22–0.36 Sm^-1) at 400 ?C. These materials can be considered for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell (IT-SOFC)/battery applications due to their good conductivity and good thermal stability.     

The isothermal reduction kinetics of chromium-bearing vanadium–titanium magnetite sinter

The reduction of chromium-bearing vanadium–titanium magnetite sinter (CVTMS) by CO was investigated at 1123–1223?K. The reduction degree increased with increasing temperature. The isothermal reduction kinetics of CVTMS was analysed, according to Sharp analysis and ln–ln analysis, the kinetic mechanism of reduction process for all samples in different basicity can be represented as f(α)?=?1.61(1?α)[?ln(1?α)]^1–1/1.61. The reaction activation energy of all samples (R?=?1.9, 2.1, 2.3, obtained according to the components of the materials burdening used in sintering process) at different reaction degrees were calculated by the model-free method. And the pre-exponential factors of reaction also were calculated by the mathematical method. The rate controlling step for the reduction process under the present reduction condition was chemical reaction.     

贵州三穗地区钒矿地质特征及成矿规律研究

总结贵州省三穗地区钒矿矿区地层、区域构造和区域岩浆岩特征，探讨矿区钒矿成矿规律。研究表明：区内钒矿赋存在陡山沱组白云岩的上部以及老堡组和九门冲组的下部，含矿岩性为黑色炭质黏土岩；成矿来源主要是由于海底裂谷的热气流作用，携带深部钒等多金属元素向陆棚与台地运动、迁移，出现钒的横向分导现象；沉积下来的钒金属又在后期低温热液作用下，以水云母的形式存在，而炭质吸附的部分钒元素进入水云母晶格中，形成钒矿。     

Extraction of Vanadium(V) from Mixed Chloride/Thiocyanate Solutions with Two Commercial Solvating Extractants

Studies on the extraction and separation of vanadium(V) from mixed hydrochloric acid/ammonium thiocyanate solution with CYANEX 921 and CYANEX 925 in kerosene were carried out. The effects of various factors affecting the extraction process as well as temperature were investigated. Addition of thiocyanate to the chloride solution was found to enhance markedly the extraction of vanadium. HCl solution efficiently stripped V(V). The number of stages required for extraction and stripping of vanadium ions was determined from the McCabe–Thiele diagram. Based on the obtained results, the separation of V(V) from spent catalyst leach indicates the efficiency of the proposed process.     

钙化-酸浸提钒沉钒母液中锰的回收

对钙化?酸浸提钒沉钒母液中锰资源的回收，一方面可以提升提钒工艺的经济效益，另一方面可避免母液循环时锰浓度不断累积而影响氧化钒产品质量，从而有助于实现母液闭路循环而提升全流程的环境效益。本工作提出了采用草酸沉淀法高效回收沉钒母液中的Mn2+，考察溶液体系pH值、草酸加量系数、反应温度和时间对锰回收率及沉淀产物物相组成的影响，以及草酸沉淀分离锰后母液的循环次数对钒浸出过程的影响。结果表明，草酸沉淀法可高效分离沉钒母液中的Mn2+，在溶液体系pH=4.0、草酸加量系数为1.5、反应温度为50℃、反应时间为60 min的条件下，锰回收率达94.33%，所得产物为纯度大于98%的水合草酸锰，为片状晶体，并呈花簇状生长。将脱锰后的沉钒母液循环至酸浸段，对钒浸出率及浸出液中锰的浓度没有明显影响，表明该方法有助于实现钙化?酸浸提钒中废水的闭路循环。     

极端电场环境激励下的VO2相变性能研究与应用

为揭示VXOY薄膜场致相变规律,推广钒氧化物应用于卫星控制系统,指导氧化钒规模制备,将磁控溅射法和真空退火工艺相结合,在Al2O3陶瓷基片上制备出VXOY薄膜,降低了实验对仪器精度的要求,提高了实验的成功率。对基片进行磁控溅射镀膜,在管式炉中进一步氧化处理生成表面均匀的V2O5,然后进行高温退火处理,对不同退火条件下的生成的薄膜进行了XRD表征。测得了电场激励下VXOY薄膜的相变现象,验证了电场激励下焦耳热并非薄膜相变的主导因素;总结了不同组分下VXOY薄膜的相变规律,研究了不同V6O13含量对VO2薄膜临界相变电压的影响规律,可指导VXOY薄膜应用于微纳卫星等极端环境下的设备控制系统。     

Distribution of vanadium and vanadyl porphyrins during fractionation of resins of heavy sulfurous oils

Features of the content and distribution of vanadium and vanadyl porphyrins in the fractions of resins, which were obtained by separation using column chromatography on silica, have been studied on heavy sulfurous oils of various deposits of the Volga–Ural basin (Russia). The difference of the vanadium and vanadyl porphyrin contents in the fractions of oils of various production complexes has been shown. Features of structural–group composition and predominant types of vanadyl porphyrins in the fractions of resins have been determined.     

A High Capacity All Solid-State Li-Sulfur Battery Enabled by Conversion-Intercalation Hybrid Cathode Architecture

As demands for electrochemical energy storage continue to rise, alternative electrochemistries to conventional Li-ion batteries become more appealing. Here, an intercalation-conversion hybrid cathode that combines intercalation-type VS₂ with conversion-type sulfur chemistry to construct high performance solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries is reported. The layered VS₂ nanomaterial features Li-ion transport channels, metallic conductivity, and active capacity contribution, all of which provide an ideal platform for the solid state S/Li₂S redox couple to unlock its high gravimetric capacity. The S/VS₂/Li₃PS₄ hybrid cathode composite is prepared by a facile, low-cost, and low-energy mechanical blending process. The S/VS₂/Li₃PS₄|Li₃PS₄|Li/In (or Li) all-solid-state cell exhibits sulfur utilization of ≈85%, with a Coulombic efficiency of close to 100%. High areal capacity up to 7.8 mA h cm⁻² with an active material loading (S/VS₂) as high as 15.5 mg cm⁻² is achieved.     

钨掺杂M型二氧化钒粉体的水解法制备与结构分析

采用水解法制备不同W掺杂量的VO2(M)粉体。借助于X射线衍射仪、Fourier变换红外谱、差示扫描量热仪、X射线光电子谱仪和X射线精细结构谱对粉体的成分和结构进行表征。结果表明,W6+进入VO2晶格,形成固溶体V4+1-3xV3+2xWxO2。W掺杂降低了VO2(M)的相变温度,相变温度与W掺杂量在一定范围内成线性关系,掺杂效率约为18℃/1%(摩尔分数)。掺杂的大半径W原子部分替换了VO2(M)晶格中的V原子,晶格膨胀畸变产生的压应力通过共享顶点O,沿着W—O—V链传递到邻近的次晶格,造成V—O键键长变化,促使V周围的氧分布对称性随W掺杂量的增加而增大。当W掺杂量增大至2.5%时,单斜结构中的V—O1键和V—V1a键伸长,V—O2键和V—V1b键缩短,V—O1和V—O2峰合并成金红石结构的V—O峰,V—V1a峰和V—V1b峰合并成金红石结构的V—V1峰,即样品已转变为金红石结构。     

含钒体系正极材料的专利分析

文章以涉及含钒体系正极材料的制备方法国内外专利申请数据为分析样本,从相关专利的时间分布、申请人分布、技术概况等角度进行了分析和研究,探讨近几年集中的技术问题及采取工艺,并对含钒体系正极材料的制备工艺的研究改进方向提出了建议。