变差函数在地下水位估值中的应用研究

用数值方法进行地下水水资源评价时 ,需要给出每个节点上的初始地下水位值。本文着重阐述了区域化变量和变差函数及其计算步骤 ,指出变差函数在分析地下水位的空间变异的重要性     

An optimal sampling approach to modelling whole-body vibration exposure in all-terrain vehicle driving

Abstract

Exposure to whole-body vibration (WBV) presents an occupational health risk and several safety standards obligate to measure WBV. The high cost of direct measurements in large epidemiological studies raises the question of the optimal sampling for estimating WBV exposures given by a large variation in exposure levels in real worksites. This paper presents a new approach to addressing this problem. A daily exposure to WBV was recorded for 9–24 days among 48 all-terrain vehicle drivers. Four data-sets based on root mean squared recordings were obtained from the measurement. The data were modelled using semi-variogram with spectrum analysis and the optimal sampling scheme was derived. The optimum sampling period was 140 min apart. The result was verified and validated in terms of its accuracy and statistical power. Recordings of two to three hours are probably needed to get a sufficiently unbiased daily WBV exposure estimate in real worksites. The developed model is general enough that is applicable to other cumulative exposures or biosignals.

Practitioner Summary: Exposure to whole-body vibration (WBV) presents an occupational health risk and safety standards obligate to measure WBV. However, direct measurements can be expensive. This paper presents a new approach to addressing this problem. The developed model is general enough that is applicable to other cumulative exposures or biosignals.     

地质统计学法在露天矿勘探网度优化中的应用

论述了应用地质统计学法进行露天矿勘探网度优化的基本原理和方法，以某露天矿为例，建立了该露天矿的矿床模型，得出了该露天矿主采煤层的煤层厚度、灰分和硫分等地质变量的理论变差函数模型，并对其变异规律进行了分析和评价。根据估计方差是勘探网度和网型的函数这一原理，模拟得出了最佳勘探网度，并对该露天矿首采区和后续区的勘探网度进行了优化和评价，为采矿设计提供矿床地质条件的可靠性论证。     

基于变差函数和方向小波的噪声图像边缘检测方法

为了检测受噪声污染图像的边缘,提出了一种基于变差函数和方向小波的多尺度边缘检测新方法.首先,在我们前期研究成果的基础上,基于变差函数理论,提出了图像中45度和135度方向边缘的判别准则.然后根据图像中边缘的方向性,选择合适的方向小波旋转参数,再利用方向小波对各个子区域进行不同尺度小波变换.仿真实验表明,对于受高斯白噪声污染的图像,所提出的边缘检测方法无论在边缘定位的准确性还是在去除伪边缘点方面,均优于传统的小波边缘检测方法.     

矿业地质统计学在我国的应用现状及对影响克立格估计的若干因素的研究

地质统计学已用于我国多个矿床的储量计算。变程Ａ是一个很稳健的变异参数，块金Ｃ０、基台Ｃ以及估计邻域的大小较大地影响着克立格估计。     

Kriging插值中条件数据点个数的选择

Kriging插值时使用的数据量越大,插值结果越可靠,但数据量对耗时的影响则呈指数增加。为了保证尽量多的数据参与Kriging插值,又能维持合理的计算耗时,必须正确地选择条件数据点个数。通过对地质统计学中Kriging插值算法的深入解析,利用Kriging插值中产生的平均权系数分析插值过程中的条件数据点个数的选择,当平均权系数最小时,找到这个平衡点,让插值过程中的计算在保证计算精度的同时,尽量减少计算耗时。并改变Kriging插值的维数、网格大小和变差函数的变程,分析所选择的条件数据点个数对此3种因素的敏感度,得到条件数据点个数选择40～60最为合适,主要的影响因素为计算维数。     

深水浊积水道训练图像建立与多点地质统计建模应用

深水浊积水道具有丰富油气,是油气勘探开发的热点领域。以安哥拉深水浊积水道为对象,开展基于多点地质统计的储层建模研究。针对深水水道沉积以及迁移特征,对基于沉积过程的Alluvsim算法进行了改进。通过在Alluvsim中增加整体迁移算法,模拟浊积水道的整体迁移沉积过程。根据浊积水道决口少而弯曲度增加的特点,在Alluvsim中增加了弯曲度指标约束,从而再现浊积水道的弯曲特征。根据安哥拉深水浊积水道地质知识库文献调研,获得了研究区浊积水道形态以及统计特征参数信息。采用改进的Alluvsim算法获得了研究区浊积水道的训练图像。以此训练图像作为模式输入,以井资料作为条件输入,以地震资料作为趋势约束,采用多点地质统计Snesim算法建立了安哥拉深水浊积水道三维地质模型,再现了安哥拉浊积水道的空间分布特征。对模型进行了检验表明,建立的地质模型计算的变差函数与地震属性获得变差函数具有较好的一致性,建立的三维地质模型可以用于后续油藏工程与数值模拟研究,指导油田勘探开发。该研究不仅为多点地质统计应用于实际储层建模提供了完整的建模流程,也为浊积水道训练图像自动生成提供了技术保障。     

A flexible lag definition for experimental variogram calculation

Inferring the experimental variogram used in geostatistics commonly relies on the method-of-moments approach. Ideally, the available data-set used for calculating the experimental variogram should be drawn from a regular pattern. However, in practice the available data-set is typically sampled over a sparse pattern at irregularly spaced locations. Hence, some binning of the variogram cloud is required to obtain fair estimates of the experimental variogram. Grouping of the variogram data pairs as a result of conventional binning depends on parameters such as the main anisotropic directions and a regular definition of the lag vectors. These parameters are not based on the configuration of the variogram data pairs in the variogram cloud but on a segment of it that is arbitrarily predefined. Therefore, the conventional experimental variogram estimation approach is biased because of the strict configuration of the bins over the variogram cloud. In this paper, a new method of estimating experimental variograms is proposed. Lag vectors and their tolerances are decided in the proposed method from information in the variogram cloud: they are not influenced by any predefined directions. The proposed methodology is a well-founded, practicable and easy-to-automate approach for experimental variogram calculation using an irregularly sampled data-set. Comparison of results from the new method to those from the traditional approach is very encouraging.     

锦州25-1油田优质储层地震响应特征与定量预测

渤海湾北部锦州25-1油田及外围区主力含油层系沙二段油气勘探的关键是寻找优质储层。通过地震响应特征分析、井震正演模拟及敏感属性提取,定性刻画出优质储层的地震响应特征及其分布范围;创新应用“叠前同时反演+岩相流体概率分析”组合技术,得到研究区沙二段砂岩储层的概率体;结合25-1油田21口探井资料进行储层厚度及孔隙度与砂岩概率的相关性分析,通过设置阈值,定量预测出了厚度大于50 m、孔隙度大于20%的优质储层发育区。研究成果为锦州25-1油田及其围区的滚动勘探与井位设计提供了理论依据,研究思路为预测辽西北洼其他区域沙二段优质储层提供了方法借鉴。     

应用协同-泛克立格法估计地下水水位

在许多区域水资源水环境问题中，地下水流和水质的模拟往往采用数值方法，需给出各个节点的初始水位值以反映流场的初始状态.本文阐述了以容易获取的节点地表高程信息，作为协同区域化变量，用协同-泛克立格法进行地下水位估值的原理，并以河南省焦作市修武段地下水数值模拟分析区为例，说明了利用该方法时的实验变差函数获取方法.通过与未加入协同区域化变量地表高程的泛克立格法进行比较，证明本文建议的方法对松散多孔介质区域地下水位估值有更好的效果.