芳烃抽提蒸馏工艺溶剂环丁砜中重组分的脱除

针对加氢裂解汽油芳烃抽提蒸馏工艺中重组分在贫溶剂中的积累问题，分别考察抽余油反萃取、水洗贫溶剂、水洗富溶剂、抽余油反萃取-水洗耦合4种方法对环丁砜溶剂的净化再生效果。结果表明，重组分中直链烷基苯最容易被脱除，多环芳烃的分离难度最大；温度对重组分的脱除有一定影响，且采用不同方法时的影响程度不同；4种方法中抽余油反萃取-水洗耦合法的再生效果最优，能够在油剂比（抽余油与待再生贫溶剂的质量比）为1.0、水洗比（水洗水与待再生贫溶剂的质量比）为1.0、温度为40℃的条件下，将贫溶剂中的环丁砜质量分数从94.25%提升至99.86%，达到工业生产所需循环贫溶剂的纯度要求。     

Neutral electrolyzed water (NEW), chlorine dioxide,organic acid based product,and ultraviolet‐C for inactivation of microbes in fresh‐cut vegetable washing waters

The effect of decontamination methods on fresh‐cut vegetable washing waters was evaluated. NEW, ClO₂, organic acid‐based product FPW, and UV‐C were tested with and without an interfering carrot juice of 1% (IS), on Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Escherichia coli, and yeast Candida lambica. The use of ClO₂ (50 ppm active chlorine) resulted in >4 log reduction of Y. enterocolitica, Y. pseudotuberculosis, E. coli and >3 log reduction of C. lambica. The antibacterial effect of NEW was less effective in the presence of IS when compared with ClO_2. The inactivation of C. lambica by FPW reached a maximum of 2.8 log cfu/mL (concentration 0.125%), but the antimicrobial effect was delayed by the IS. The effect of FPW on E. coli was significantly reduced by 1% IS. The inactivation of E. coli and C. lambica with UV‐C IS decreased the inactivation and lengthened its time. Filtration improved the effect of UV‐C inactivation.

Practical applications

When chemical decontamination methods were used in fresh‐cut vegetable processing, the presence of organic matter in process water increased the reaction times and the need for higher concentrations of the chemical decontamination and the time of physical decontamination. Yersinia required longer inactivation times than E. coli. When UV‐C is used for decontamination of process waters, waters should be filtered to enhance the disinfection efficacy.     

低温甲醇洗系统贫富甲醇换热器泄漏原因分析及处理

介绍了晋煤天溪煤制油分公司低温甲醇洗系统贫富甲醇换热器的泄漏情况。分析了贫富甲醇换热器泄漏初期生产运行指标的异常现象和造成泄漏的原因,认为泄漏是不同物质对设备的腐蚀、冲刷造成的,并针对泄漏的具体情况,提出了不同的检修处理措施:管束泄漏量低于10%时,可采用焊接锲形堵头将泄漏列管两端进行封堵;管束泄漏量高于10%时,如换热器设计余量足,可将封头内部隔板取出,短接进出口;将换热管材质由10#钢换为06Cr19Ni10不锈钢。     

混油泥浆化学热洗法无害化处置研究

泥浆体系中混油泥浆是对环境影响较为严重的一种泥浆。泥浆中油含量较高,是较难解决的问题之一,也是制约油田企业环境质量提高和可持续发展的一大难题。随着新工艺新材料的发展,混油泥浆处理技术也持续发展,本研究将化学破乳处理法中反应温度、反应时间、破乳剂的加量等参数进行调整,研究了不同条件下液体的处理效果。     

立井过砂岩富含水层工作面预注浆分析

郑煤集团杨河煤业43采区樊寨副立井施工中需要穿过预计涌水量187 m³/h、厚57 m的砂岩含水层。针对第1回次采用普通水泥工作面预注浆、吸浆量少、升压快、效果差、达不到预期目的等不利情况，在后3回次采用大压力，白银水泥、超细水泥等新材料、单孔上下端正反同时注浆新工艺，采用压注清水、水玻璃，利用水玻璃的黏性，反复冲洗钻孔把细小裂隙中锈蚀颗粒带出，打开注浆通道，同时针对竖向裂隙多、横向裂隙不联系，加密钻孔布置，缩小注浆段高，取得了较好的注浆效果。     

一例带电水冲洗触发的220kV避雷器爆炸事故分析

对一例220 kV金属氧化物避雷器在带电水冲洗后发生爆炸故障的原因进行了分析。通过对完好避雷器和故障避雷器进行解体和对比分析,发现故障避雷器下节顶部压力释放装置内部的密封胶圈发生凹陷变形。最后,对该类事故提出预防措施。     

Isolation and identification of soil bacteria resistant to surfactants in washing detergents

Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) and polyoxyethylene lauryl ether (POLE) are the major surfactants in washing detergents. In the present study, we isolated surfactant-resistant bacteria from soil samples collected from a sports ground and a farm field. The samples were treated with 2.0% LAS or POLE at 25°C for 30 min and cultivated on agar plates at 25°C for several days, after which manifold bacterial colonies were isolated. Thereafter, we tested the ability of each bacterial isolate to resist the antibacterial activity of the surfactant. Ten LAS-resistant strains were isolated, and all were found to be Gram-negative bacteria such as Enterobacter and Pseudomonas. On the other hand, 18 POLE-resistant strains were isolated, of which 14 were Gram-positive bacteria including Bacillus and Microbacterium. Notably, one POLE-resistant strain was identified as Bacillus cereus, a potential causative agent for foodborne illness. The genera of LAS- and POLE-resistant bacteria did not overlap. Therefore, the combination of LAS and POLE could be more effective to eliminate soil bacteria from clothes and/or daily necessities.     

大型选煤厂控制系统的升级改造

所介绍的控制系统升级改造是结合平朔安家岭露天煤矿选煤厂的实际情况,以把其控制系统升级改造成为国内一流的选煤厂自动控制系统为目标,实现选煤厂科学经营管理生产的技术改造工程。