ROV发展现状与其在海洋石油行业应用前景

ROV(有缆遥控水下机器人)是重要的现代水下作业工具,具有海下勘探、观察和作业等功能,并凭借着高可靠性和高安全性的优势,成为了海洋石油行业的新兴作业机械。通过比对国内外知名水下机器人公司的典型产品,介绍了ROV的发展现状与其在海洋石油工程中的应用状况。根据我国海洋环境特点和海洋石油的开发维护需求,提出了未来ROV需要具备的关键技术和发展趋势。以期推动ROV在海洋石油行业中的创新和发展。     

Development of a swim-type ROV for narrow space inspection

The swim-type remotely operated vehicle (ROV) for inspection of narrow spaces in nuclear power plants has been developed. Many structures are crowded in a confined space at regular intervals in the bottom area of a reactor. So, the thickness of the ROV shape is an important design point to ensure that the ROV can move in the space. The developed ROV has a three-dimensional swimming mechanism using six thrusters, three cameras for observing the position while moving and for making inspections easily, and a localization system. The localization system combines two elements: a gyroscope to detect the progression direction; and a slit laser that detects the progression distance using the optical cutting method. The localization method is called the modified inertial navigation (MIN) method and it was evaluated in a mock-up examination. The ROV was able to move smoothly using the MIN method and its position could be detected without making a mistake in the route followed.     

浅谈ROV在水下采油树检修中的应用

随着海洋石油工程向深水发展,水下采油树成为深海开发中必不可少的组成部分。水下采油树随着设备使用年限的增长,许多关键部件需要进行检查和维修。本文通过国内某油田水下采油树水下控制模块SCM(Subsea Control Module)的更换作业,探讨了水下机器人ROV(Remotely Operated Vehicle)在水下采油树检修过程中发挥了至关重要的作用,为国内相关作业提供借鉴。     

OBLIQUE TOWING TEST AND MANEUVER SIMULATION AT LOW SPEED AND LARGE DRIFT ANGLE FOR DEEP SEA OPEN-FRAMED REMOTELY OPERATED VEHICLE

This article presents the newly designed oblique towing test in the horizontal plane for the scaled model of 4 500 m deep sea open-framed Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV),which is being researched and developed by Shanghai Jiao Tong University.Accurate hydrodynamics coefficients measurement is significant for the maneuverability and control system design.The scaled model of ROV was constructed by 1:1.6.Hydrodynamics tests of large drift angle were conducted through Large Amplitude Horizontal Planar Motion Mechanism (LAHPMM) under low speed.Multiple regression method is adopted to process the test data and obtain the related hydrodynamic coefficients.Simulations were designed for the horizontal plane motion of large drift angle to verify the coefficients calculated.And the results show that the data can satisfy with the design requirements of the ROV developed.     

水下电视在西泉眼水库溢洪道水下检查中的应用

使用水下电视系统对哈尔滨市西泉眼水库溢洪道及附属结构进行了检查,查明了表面混凝土受冲蚀磨损和骨料出露情况,为水库溢洪道整体评价和管理提供了可靠的依据。实际应用表明,水下电视是进行库区水下结构损伤检查和安全评价的有效手段。     

Vehicle Teleoperation Interfaces

Despite advances in autonomy, there will always be a need for human involvement in vehicle teleoperation. In particular, tasks such as exploration, reconnaissance and surveillance will continue to require human supervision, if not guidance and direct control. Thus, it is critical that the operator interface be as efficient and as capable as possible. In this paper, we provide an overview of vehicle teleoperation and present a summary of interfaces currently in use.     

ROV扭矩工具系统研制与应用

ROV扭矩工具(TT)是深水水下油气田开发过程中使用的水下机器人(ROV)作业装备。ROV扭矩工具系统是以ROV为核心,包括扭矩工具本体和控制系统,其结构尺寸和工作能力与工作效率是影响水下作业的便利性与作业成本的关键因素。依托南海某气田水下生产系统,参考ISO13628-8等规范,设计出具有多尺寸自适应接口、牙嵌离合换挡结构和锁紧机构的扭矩工具及其控制系统。采用有限元分析软件对扭矩工具关键部件进行仿真分析。完成了扭矩工具的样机研制并进行测试。测试结果表明：水下ROV扭矩工具的锁紧、解锁功能,换挡功能,马达闭环控制功能均可实现,技术参数满足设计要求。研究成果对ROV扭矩工具及其控制系统的技术发展和产品开发均有借鉴意义。     

遥控水下机器人（ROV）分布式控制系统

本文阐述了我国自行研制的６００ｍ水深作业型缆控水下机器人（ＲＯＶ）Ｂｉｔｂｕｓ（位总线）分布式控制系统的硬件结构和软件体系。     

基于Pro／E和ADAMS的水下机器人设计方法研究

在传统的ROV（RemotelyOperatedVehicle）设计中．计算重量、排水量、浮性、稳定性等内容贯穿整个设计过程．工作量较大。采用Pro／E与ADAMS联合仿真的方法,简化了ROV平衡设计中的反复计算,使设计中的变动能够直观地在ROV性能上表现出来。以某型ROV为例。采用该方法进行仿真分析和实例验证,证明了改进方法的有效性。     

非连续性抛石处理海底管道悬跨原理及施工工艺

为解决海洋石油管道工程中海底管道悬跨的问题,阐述非连续性抛石处理海底管道悬跨的原理及施工工艺,该技术通过常规工程船舶搭载石料,采用遥控无人潜水器可操作自卸式抛石漏斗进行抛石作业,采用多点抛料、逐级堆叠的施工工艺完成抛石处理,应用三级校核标准实现抛石质量控制,完成悬跨点抛石支撑。非连续性抛石处理海底管道悬跨施工工艺简单、对作业船要求低、不影响油田生产,而且可靠性高,在费用和效果上都具有较大的应用优势。该方案为处理海底管道悬跨问题提供了新的思路和途径。