Chloride migration in concrete with superabsorbent polymers

Superabsorbent polymers (SAP) can be used as a means for internal curing of concrete. In the present study, the development of transport properties of concrete with SAP is investigated. The chloride migration coefficient according to NT BUILD 492 is used as a measure of this. Twenty concrete mixtures are tested 7, 14, and 28 days after casting. The development of degree of hydration is followed for 20 corresponding paste mixtures.Both when SAP is added with extra water to compensate the SAP water absorption in fresh concrete and without extra water, the internal curing water held by SAP may contribute to increase the degree of hydration. No matter if SAP is added with or without extra water, it appears that the so-called gel space ratio can be used as a key parameter to link age and mixture proportions (water-to-cement ratio and SAP dosage) to the resulting chloride migration coefficient; the higher the volume of gel solid relative to the space available for it, the lower the chloride migration coefficient, because the pore system becomes more tortuous and the porosity becomes less.     

Carbonaceous microsphere-based superabsorbent polymer as filler for coating of NPK fertilizer: Fabrication,properties, swelling,and nitrogen release characteristics

Recently, the use of controlled release fertilizers in agriculture has resulted in huge benefits in plant growth and cultivation. Superabsorbent polymer (SAP)-coated fertilizers have the added advantage in retaining water in soil after irrigation and also reduce the nutrient release rate from soil in a controlled manner. This study aimed to produce a nitrogen–phosphorus–potassium (NPK) fertilizer coated with superabsorbent carbonaceous microspheres polymer (SPC) by inverse suspension polymerization method with water-retention and controlled release properties. Two sets of experiments were conducted: (1) three different weight percentages and (2) different materials. NPK coated with SPC showed increasing water-retention ability with respect to carbon microsphere percentages and retains >80% water at the 30th day of experiment compared with pure NPK and NPK coated with SAP. The slow release behavior of all samples was investigated by induced coupled plasma mass spectrometry spectrometry and results showed that NPK coated with SAP and SPC has a low release rate with <50% nutrient release compared with uncoated NPK at the 30th day. The release mechanism kinetics of NPK coated with SAP and SPC were studied based on the Kosmeyer–Peppas model. The mechanisms approached Fickian diffusion-controlled release as the n value for both samples was less than 0.5. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48396.     

淮河特大桥抗震分析研究

采用SAP2000程序，对铁路淮河特大桥进行了反应谱分析和时程分析，分析表明地震力不控制主梁结构设计，但地震力直接作用于墩底，须对连续梁的墩底进行抗震应力验算，连续梁桥的支座承担较大剪力，建议采用抗震支座，以策安全。     

考虑材料劣化的RC剪力墙结构数值建模方法研究

采用结构分析软件SAP2000中的分层壳单元模型对3个剪力墙构件试验进行数值模拟,在考虑不同龄期的影响下进行了Pushover分析,将最终所得Pushover曲线与试验数据进行对比,发现拟合度较高,进而采用同样方法对某12层剪力墙结构建立数值模型并进行非线性动力时程分析,对其层间位移角等相关性能指标进行分析,发现在不同龄期下,其性能退化表现与实际结构的宏观性能退化表现相符。结果表明:利用分层壳单元在基于劣化的情况下对RC剪力墙结构进行数值模拟的方法是可行的。     

SAP对高水胶比混凝土塑性开裂的影响

针对高水胶比混凝土早期开裂严重影响混凝土耐久性能的问题,研究了掺量(质量分数)为0.2%,0.3%和0.4%的高吸水性树脂(SAP)对高水胶比(质量比0.5)混凝土特定状态下的早期抗裂性能、力学性能和体积稳定性能的影响,并结合水分蒸发试验,研究了掺入SAP后混凝土的失水规律.结果表明:掺入SAP后,可显著提高高水胶比混凝土的早期抗裂性能,SAP掺量为0.2%,0.3%和0.4%的混凝土早期开裂面积分别降低了81%,88%和98%,SAP的掺入能够明显减缓混凝土的水分挥发,抑制其体积收缩,并且不会对混凝土的力学强度造成较大的负面影响.     

共同作用对上部结构和桩筏基础的影响

以贵州省遵义市某县棚户区（城中村）改造项目为研究算例,利用SAP2000有限元分析软件建立框架剪力墙结构-桩筏基础-地基共同作用的三维有限元模型和不考虑三者共同作用的一般三维模型。与不考虑共同作用的一般模型相比,考虑共同作用后,上部结构的内力和桩顶的反力都增大,筏板沉降和筏板内力都减小,说明筏板沉降和筏板内力的安全储备较大。因此,在结构工程设计过程中,考虑上部结构、基础和地基共同作用的设计理念和方法与建筑物实际受力特征更相符,设计结果也更合理,同时也要考虑三者共同作用时上部结构和桩顶反力的不利影响。     

发动机制造企业的成本控制与SAP

发动机因其开发周期长,科技含量高,材料材质、工艺路线复杂、环保要求高等原因,而成为高成本的制造行业。因此,有效的成本控制已是发动机制造企业在激烈的市场竞争中成败的关键。SAP系统因其数据集成性、资源共享性、传输及时性等特点,摈弃了以往发动机制造企业传统成本管控中的数据多源、信息屏蔽、权限分散等弊端,做到了研发、工艺、生产、物流、财务数据同源、资源共享、责权分担,为柴油机制造企业从产品研发源头就实施有效的成本控制提供了手段,极大地提高了企业成本管控的质量和效益。     

预处理温度对SAPO-11催化丁烯骨架异构化性能的影响

采用水热合成法合成的SAPO-11分子筛，经酸洗、干燥和焙烧处理得H-SAPO-11分子筛，考察了预处理温度对催化剂物化性能的影响，采用XRD、XRF、IR和NH₃-TPD等手段对催化剂进行表征。实验证明，500 ℃预处理后H-SAPO-11分子筛的结构缺陷较少，B酸位较多，骨架更完美；将其成型制成催化剂，对丁烯骨架异构化反应显示更优良的催化活性、选择性和稳定性。     

Key factors determining the energy rating of existing English houses

In the UK, the Standard Assessment Procedure (SAP) is used to rate the energy performance of existing dwellings whenever they are let or sold. This study investigates which of the inputs to SAP account for the most variance in energy rating across existing gas central heated houses in England. Data from the English Housing Survey (EHS) 2009 are used to generate a representative set of dwellings and variance-based global sensitivity analysis is then applied to assess each input's contribution to the variance in the calculated ratings. It is demonstrated that heating system efficiency, external wall U-value and dwelling geometry account for 75% of the variance of the energy rating of gas central heated houses in England. This suggests that improving heating system efficiencies and wall U-values of the worst performing dwellings will go a long way towards improving their energy rating and potentially reducing their energy consumption. It is also demonstrated that dwelling geometry has a much bigger influence on the calculated carbon emissions (accounting for 80% of the variance) than it does on the SAP energy rating (accounting for 30%), meaning that significant improvements in energy rating might not be accompanied by significant reductions in carbon emissions.     

动臂式塔机结构参数化计算分析平台LUSPAP的构建及实现

针对工程中常用的各类格构型动臂式塔机结构的力学建模及计算分析,开发出基于成熟有限元软件并融合国内外起重机设计标准的,交互式参数化动臂式起重机结构计算分析平台LUSPAP系统.该系统主要由建模前处理、有限元计算、后处理输出等3大部分组成.前处理通过Visual Basic和Visual Fortran进行几何图形库与材料...