Comparative study of Ti-C-Ni-Al,Ti-C-Ni-Fe,and Ti-C-Ni-Al/Ti-C-Ni-Fe coatings produced by magnetron sputtering,electro-spark deposition,and a combined two-step process

Comparative study of Ti-C-Ni-Fe, Ti-C-Ni-Al, and Ti-C-Ni-Al/Ti-C-Ni-Fe coatings obtained by electro-spark deposition (ESD) using TiCNi electrode, magnetron sputtering (MS) of TiCNiAl target, and a combination of these methods (MS-ESD) was carried out. The coating microstructures and elemental compositions were studied by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy. The materials were tested in terms of their hardness, elastic modulus, elastic recovery, crack resistance, friction coefficient, and wear resistance under sliding, impact and abrasive conditions, as well as corrosion- and oxidation resistance. The work demonstrated that the utilization of a combined two-step MS-ESD technology permits to obtain bilayers made of Ti-C-Ni-Al/Ti-C-Ni-Fe coatings with improved crack-, wear- and oxidation resistance compared with their single-layered Ti-C-Ni-Al counterparts deposited by MS, and with reduced friction coefficient and enhanced corrosion resistance compared with ESD Ti-C-Ni-Fe coatings.     

IR-transparent MgO-Y2O3 ceramics by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis and spark plasma sintering

A glycine–nitrate self-propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS) was developed to produce composite Y₂O₃–MgO nanopowders. Based on the thermodynamic calculations a 0.25YMg₂(NO₃)₇-0.75NH₂CH₂COOH precursor composition was selected to prepare low agglomerated uniform composite yttria-magnesia powder. Near full dense composite ceramics were fabricated based on the prepared powders by the spark plasma sintering method. IR-transmittance and hardness of the Y₂O₃–MgO ceramics were studied in correlation with sintering conditions. The best transmittance of 80.9%@5 μm and H_v = 10.2 GPa were measured for the sample obtained at 1150 °C.     

Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis of refractory boride ceramics (Zr,Ta)B2 with superior properties

The macrokinetic features of combustion in the Ta-Zr-B system were studied. Combustion is characterized by spin mode, suggesting the limiting role of gas-phase mass transfer of reagents. The mechanism of chemical reactions and phase formation in combustion wave was discussed. Primary layers of tantalum and zirconium borides were detected in the preheating zone at temperatures below the melting point of the reagents. After zirconium and boron melt, the temperature in the combustion zone reaches its maximum and zirconium diboride precipitates out of the oversaturated solution. Powders with a grain size of 1–3?μm were fabricated and hot-pressed into dense ultra-high-temperature ceramics (UHTCs). Boride ceramics with the record-setting hardness of 70?GPa, Young's modulus of 594?GPa, and elastic recovery of 96% were obtained. The measured heat conductivity of the solid solution (Zr,Ta)B₂ was equal to 35–42?W/m?K. Plasma torch tests demonstrated high oxidation resistance of the obtained ceramics at 2900–3000?°C.     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cu Matrix Composites Reinforced byTiB2/TiN Ceramic Reinforcements

Cu matrix composites reinforced by TiB₂/TiN ceramic reinforcements (Cu/TBN composites) were prepared by hot pressing method. Prior to the hot pressing, Cu/TiB₂/TiN composite powders (CTBN powders), which were used as the starting materials of Cu/TBN composites, were fabricated by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis method. The CTBN particles were found to be in a special core-shell structure with a Cu-Ti alloy core and a TiB₂/TiN ceramic shell. The test results presented obvious improvements in mechanical properties. The highest ultimate tensile strength reached up to 297 MPa, 77 MPa higher than that of Cu. And the highest hardness reached up to 70.7 HRF, 15.7 HRF higher than that of Cu. A comparative study indicated that the core-shell structured particles could bring about more obvious strengthening effect than the traditional irregularly shaped particles, which was due to the improved Cu/ceramics interfacial bonding, the linkage strengthening effect of both TiB₂ and TiN, and higher load bearing ability of the core-shell structured reinforcements.     

冷弯方形管桁架梁焊接工艺和质量控制

本文在分析冷弯方形管（ＳＨＳ）选材、冷成型加工特点和要求基础上,介绍了上海。“东方明珠”广播电视塔ＳＨＳ桁架梁的焊接工艺和质量控制措施。     

K型、KK型间隙方钢管节点静力工作性能的试验研究

为研究多平面直接焊接方钢管节点性能,本文对6个K型和8个KK型直接焊接方钢管节点进行了静力试验研究。通过对节点破坏模式和极限承载力的分析,研究了几何参数(β、g)、支杆作用位置和空间作用对节点极限承载力的影响。采用ANSYS程序中四节点板壳单元对试验节点进行了弹塑性、大挠度有限元分析。将试验数据、CIDECT公式计算结果及有限元计算结果进行了比较。研究结果表明,采用ANSYS分析方钢管节点是可行的。空间作用对KK型方钢管节点承载力有明显的影响,支杆偏离弦杆纵向轴线作用使节点承载力有一定程度的提高。     

铝对自蔓延火焰淬熄法合成空心陶瓷微珠的影响

以自蔓延高温合成技术(SHS)为基础,采用自反应淬熄法研究TiO2+蔗糖,TiO2+蔗糖+Al两种体系下空心陶瓷微珠的反应生成情况。以SEM、XRD、EDS为手段分别测试所得产物的形貌、主要相组成以及微区成分组成。结果表明:TiO2+蔗糖体系所得产物由不规则的块状物质与表面凹凸不平的类球形物质组成;TiO2+蔗糖+Al体系熔射产物全部由表面光滑的球形颗粒组成。球形颗粒为空心结构,主要组成为Al2O3-TiC复相和少量的铝钛合金、AlN以及Ti(C,N)。Al的加入大大改善了空心微珠的生成。     

Effect of particle size on the formation of Ti2AlC using combustion synthesis

This paper provides an insight into the effect of particle size of elemental metal powders and carbon source on the formation mechanism of Ti₂AlC MAX-phase ceramic produced by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS). The effect of titanium, aluminium and carbon particle size on the 2Ti+Al+C→Ti₂AlC reaction, the phase evolution of the final product and the porosity in both the green body and product has been examined. The effect of the carbon source in the form of graphite, carbon black and short carbon fibres on the reaction mechanism is explained. It is found that the particle size of the titanium and aluminium reactants had little effect on the phases formed but affected the green density of the reactants and the porosity in the final product. The carbon source used in the combustion reaction had an influence on the phases formed by the SHS reaction and was influenced by the dispersion of carbon particles and the titanium–aluminium particle contact.     

不同燃烧速率对热剂焊接焊缝显微组织的影响

报道了一种新颖的热剂焊接方法,采用该种热剂焊接方法可以在无电条件下,不借助任何辅助设备,便可十分方便的进行手工焊接作业。通过分别添加不同含量的微硅粉和硅灰石作为稀释剂对热剂反应进行调控,获得了不同燃烧速率的热剂焊条;对在不同燃烧速率下焊接所得的焊接接头进行了显微组织分析。结果表明:在高的燃烧速率下焊接时,焊缝组织中易出现缩松和夹渣缺陷;随着燃烧速率的降低,焊缝显微组织中的缩松和夹渣缺陷逐渐消除;当燃烧速率进一步降低时,焊缝组织中开始出现大量气孔缺陷。分析表明:这种显微组织的演变与不同燃烧速率下焊接熔池所经历的升温过程有关。     

相对厚度对TiB2颗粒增强45钢基表面复合材料组织和硬度的影响

介绍了采用SHS和V-EPC真空消失模铸造相结合制备二硼化钛颗粒增强钢基表面复合材料的组织和硬度特点,重点研究了相对厚度的影响。利用扫描电镜、电子探针和光学显微镜等观察和分析了复合层的显微组织,并测试了显微硬度。结果表明,随着相对厚度δ的增加,复合材料的组织致密性得到改善,宏观缺陷减少,在相对厚度δ=9时复合材料质量最佳。复合层的组织主要由硬质相TiB2、TiC和基体组成,细小弥散的TiB2和TiC颗粒交替地分布在基体上,组织中呈方形的TiB2颗粒在数量上远远多于呈多边形的TiC颗粒;复合层的硬度随着距合金层表面深度的增加而降低,硬度最大值为1 449 HV。