循环流化床燃用半焦SNCR脱硝特性试验研究

为了检验循环流化床锅炉燃用半焦时选择性非催化还原（SNCR）脱硝技术的特性,在2 MW环形炉膛循环流化床试验台上开展了SNCR脱硝特性试验研究,考察了氨水和尿素溶液2种脱硝剂在不同的旋风分离器温度（反应温度）和氨氮摩尔比（NSR）时的脱硝特性。研究结果表明：循环流化床燃烧半焦时采用SNCR脱硝技术,可有效地降低烟气中氮氧化物（NOx）排放质量浓度,氨水作为脱硝剂的效果优于尿素溶液,氨水溶液SNCR反应温度为921 ℃（NOx初始排放质量浓度为350 mg/Nm 3）,NSR达到1.77时,NOx排放质量浓度为93 mg/Nm 3,达到了国标要求;尿素溶液SNCR反应时NH3逃逸量相比氨水SNCR反应时小,但是有较高的N2O排放浓度,这2种脱硝剂的脱硝反应特性存在差异;反应温度对SNCR脱硝特性影响明显,在反应温度为833 ℃时,氨水脱硝效率较低,而尿素溶液则无脱硝效果,在反应温度为871 ℃和921 ℃时,氨水和尿素溶液均能表现出较高的脱硝效率;随着NSR提高,脱硝效率提高,但是氨逃逸和N2O的排放浓度也都增加。     

添加剂对选择性非催化还原脱硝过程影响的研究进展

简介了选择性非催化还原(SNCR)脱硝的反应机理和主要影响因素,综述了各种添加剂对SNCR脱硝过程影响的研究进展。不同添加剂对SNCR脱硝过程影响的作用机理不同,但都能有效扩宽反应的温度窗口,使其往低温方向移动,提高SNCR在低温段的脱硝率。通过分析添加剂的作用机理,为研究脱硝效果更好的添加剂提供理论依据,以提高脱硝率、减少二次污染。     

Optimization of Improvable Flows by combining BAT Analysis and process simulation

This paper proposes a methodology to improve the sustainability of industrial processes combining two tools: BAT Analysis and process simulation. Both tools are jointly applied to identify the IF of the analyzed process, so that the most appropriate candidate techniques from an inventory can be selected. The selected alternatives are tested in different scenarios that are evaluated using simulation, which would determine the configuration that best improves the sustainability of the process. The combination of both tools in an integrated methodology will help decision makers to select the most sustainable configuration for a given process. The methodology is validated in a case study: a hydrogen production plant. After analysing several scenarios where different candidate techniques are implemented, results show that the IF identified can be highly improved when the appropriate combination of BAT is applied.     

锅炉NOx的经济调整方案及控制措施

热电分公司锅炉的SNCR系统投运后,进行了SNCR系统动态调整性能试验,经过试验结果可分析SNCR系统可以达到设计目标。但在运行调整的细节方面并未进行深入的调整性能试验。随着原料尿素的价格不断上涨,使SNCR系统的使用成本不断增加。     

石化加热炉烟气脱硝技术应用探讨

介绍了我国目前的氮氧化物排放限制标准及现阶段石化行业加热炉烟气中氮氧化物的排放现状。在目前的燃烧技术条件下,燃气加热炉通过采取控制燃烧措施后烟气中的氮氧化物浓度可达到现有排放标准的要求,而燃油加热炉烟气中氮氧化物的浓度仍会超过了现有的排放标准限制。为达到排放标准要求,应采用烟气净化措施,即烟气脱硝装置。介绍了烟气脱硝技术的工作原理和适用范围,并对其在石化行业加热炉上的应用进行了探讨。     

燃煤锅炉脱硝工艺的选择

文章对中国燃煤锅炉的NOx排放现状和最新的环保标准进行了介绍,对包括低NOx燃烧器、OFA、烟气再循环和CCS在内的低NOx燃烧技术、SNCR和SCR烟气脱硝技术的应用情况进行了分析和比较,提出了燃煤锅炉的脱硝工艺选择原则和建议.     

CaCO3对NH3氧化的影响

CaCO3影响选择性非催化还原法脱硝性能。文中采用固定床反应器,结合傅里叶变换红外光谱气体分析仪测量气体组分,研究了温度（650～850℃）、NH3浓度（100×10-6～1500×10-6）和O2浓度（0-4％）对CaCO3催化NH3氧化反应的影响。研究结果表明,CaCO3对NH3氧化反应有催化作用。NH3催化氧化反应的转化率和产物NO的选择性随NH,浓度增加而下降,随温度的增加而增加。生成NO和N2的途径与NH,在CaCO3表面的覆盖度分别成一次关系和二次关系。O2组分对CaCO3作用下NH3转化的速控步影响较小,主要是促进了产物NO选择性的增加。CO2对CaCO3催化NH3氧化反应有微弱抑制作用,CO对CaCO3催化NH3氧化反应没有影响。     

Ammonium bisulfate formation temperature in a bench-scale single-channel air preheater

Ammonium bisulfate (ABS) forms in coal-fired power plant exhaust systems when ammonia slip from the NO_x control system reacts with the sulfur oxides and water in the flue gas. The critical temperature range for ABS formation occurs in the air preheater, where ABS is known to cause corrosion and pluggage that can require unplanned outages and expensive cleaning. To develop mitigation strategies for the deleterious effects of ABS in air preheaters, it is important to know its formation temperature and deposition process. This paper describes a bench-scale experimental simulation of a single-channel air preheater, with the appropriate temperature gradient, used in conjunction with simulated coal combustion flue gas, including sulfur oxides, ammonia, and water vapor, to investigate the formation of ABS. Formation was observed optically, and the formation temperature, as well as deposition characteristics for a realistic range of reactant concentrations are presented and compared with previous studies on ABS formation. This study presents data at realistic concentrations not earlier tested, and the reported data has smaller experimental uncertainty than previously obtained. We found that the measured ABS formation temperatures under air preheater channel conditions lies between the temperatures reported by others, and is in the range of 500-520 K for typical flue gas concentrations of ammonia and sulfur oxide species. The results also show that, at least for this experimental configuration, ABS forms predominantly as an aerosol in the gas phase rather than as a condensate on the channel walls.     

提高SNCR脱硝喷枪寿命的实践

通过对SNCR脱硝喷枪实际使用过程中弯曲变形情况的调查,从喷枪结构、使用方式和工作环境等角度出发,分析导致喷枪变形的原因,并提出相应的改进措施,在实际生产中取得了延长喷枪使用寿命的优良效果.     

循环流化床锅炉选择性非催化还原脱硝工艺喷氨流场数值模拟研究

针对具体的工程项目,采用流场分析软件FLUENT,研究了喷嘴各参数对喷射流型的影响,同时研究了各种喷嘴布置对氨在旋风分离器及其下游烟道中分布的影响。研究表明,如果选择合适的喷嘴,优化喷氨点布置,使氨在锅炉炉内分布得更均匀,充分地与氮氧化物接触,可得到较高的系统脱硝率。