基于三种干旱指标的朝阳市干旱特征分析

旱灾具有出现频率高、持续时间长、波及范围广等特点，本文运用降水距平百分率、Z指数、SPI标准化降水指数，对朝阳地区50a（1969～2018）干旱特征进行分析。结果表明：Z指数与SPI标准化降水指标得到的朝阳地区干旱特征情况基本一致，能较好地反映出该地区的干旱特征，朝阳地区1969～2018年自然灾害频繁发生，严重干旱年份主要集中在1980、1981、1982 年，与实际相符。     

Comparative study of EICP treatment methods on the mechanical properties of sandy soil

This study analyzed the effect of different treatment methods in enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) on the mechanical properties of soil. Soybean crude urease was used to catalyze the precipitation of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃). A multiple-phase method was proposed and further compared with commonly practiced EICP treatment methods (including the one-phase method, two-phase method, and premix-and-compact method) from the aspects of chemical conversion efficiency, CaCO₃ precipitation distribution, permeability, and unconfined compressive strength. Based on the findings, the characteristics of each method were further discussed and summarized. Although the enzymatic CaCO₃ precipitation generated from all the treatment methods could potentiate the soil strength to a great or less degree, using the proposed multiple-phase method could bring about a high chemical conversion efficiency, uniform distribution of CaCO₃ as well as preferable permeability retention. In addition, the multiple-phase method could significantly improve the efficiency of urease usage.     

ZnO·2.7Al2O3 nanocomposite with high optical transparency

Here we report a transparent dual-phase ZnO·2.7Al₂O₃ ceramic. The composite is pore-free and consists of thin nanosheets with a spinel phase and a hexagonal phase, while the two phases match closely in both lattice and refractive index. Such features result in excellent optical transmittance (maximum value >80% in the visible spectrum) at comparable phase volume. This work may provide a new thought for the rational structural design of optical nanocomposites.     

Weighted regularized extreme learning machine to model the discharge coefficient of side slots

In the current research, a modern learning machine algorithm named “Weighted Regularized Extreme Learning Machine (WRELM)" is implemented for the first time for the simulation of the coefficient of discharge of side slots. For this purpose, an effective variable on the coefficient of discharge of side slots is firstly introduced, then five distinctive WRELM models are produced by it for the estimation of the coefficient. In the next stage, a database is created for verification of WRELM results. it should be mentioned that 70% of the data are utilized for training the WRELM models, while the rest (i.e. 30%) for testing them. After that, the optimal number of hidden layer neurons as well as the best activation function of the WRELM algorithm are chosen. In addition, the best regularization parameter and also the weight function of the WRELM are achieved. By conducting a sensitivity analysis, the most effective variable for the simulation of the coefficient of discharge along with the WRELM superior model is introduced. The WRELM superior model estimates values of the coefficient of discharge with the maximum exactness and the highest correlation. For instance, the estimations of the correlation coefficient and scatter index for this model are computed to be 0.930 and 0.051, respectively. The sensitivity analysis shows that the ratio of the side slot crest height to its length and the Froude number should be considered as the most important input variables. A comparison between the WRELM with the ELM displays that the former works much better. Furthermore, an uncertainty analysis is executed for both models. Eventually, an equation is suggested for the estimation of the coefficient of discharge and a partial derivative sensitivity analysis is performed on it.     

Effect of metallurgical evolution during post-weld aging treatment on localised corrosion of resistance spot welding joints of A286 superalloy

The combined effect of resistance spot welding and precipitation hardening on the localised corrosion of A286 superalloy is studied. The specimens tested by double loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation were welded in the solution treated condition, and then subjected to different precipitation hardening treatments. For both base metal and weld nugget, the maximum localised corrosion is reached when η phase is clearly observable. The fact that the localised corrosion resistance of weld nugget is different from that shown by base metal may be explained by the segregation of Ni and Ti towards the interdendritic region of weld nugget (studied by using scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive X-ray analysis).     

不同醇沉竹荪多糖组分对青春双歧杆菌体外增殖作用的影响

本文以竹荪为原料提取多糖成分并以乙醇分级制备竹荪多糖(DPs)不同组分,通过青春双歧杆菌体外增殖试验初步评价竹荪多糖及其分级醇沉组分的益生元功效。结果显示在α-淀粉酶溶液中水解4 h后,20%、40%、50%、60%竹荪多糖醇沉组分水解度分别为9.10%、8.02%、8.88%、11.67%,与对照组菊粉(水解度13.15%)相比差异显著(P<0.05);80%竹荪多糖醇沉组分、未分级醇沉组分与菊粉对照组相比差异不显著(P>0.05)。在模拟胃液中水解6 h后,20%、40%、50%竹荪多糖醇沉组分水解度分别为17.30%、14.52%、9.61%,与对照组菊粉(水解度5.72%)相比差异显著(P<0.05);60%竹荪多糖醇沉组分、80%竹荪多糖醇沉组分、未分级醇沉组分水解度与对照组相比无显著差异(P>0.05)。随着竹荪多糖添加量的增加,青春双歧杆菌的菌体浓度呈现先增大而后不断减小的趋势。分级醇沉浓度达到80%的竹荪多糖组分和未分级的多糖组分,青春双歧杆菌体外增殖作用与pH下降显著且效果优于菊粉(P<0.05),并在20 h的发酵时间内两者表现出相似的效果。不同竹荪多糖醇沉组分对青春双歧杆菌均有增殖效果,且不同竹荪多糖醇沉组分的增殖效果和抗水解能力随乙醇浓度的增加而增强,未分级的多糖组分同样可以加强青春双歧杆菌增殖能力,具有益生元潜力。     

氮对镀锡钢板的强化作用

通过物理化学相分析研究了3种不同氮含量镀锡板中固溶氮、化合氮的含量,结合相关理论计算了镀锡板中氮的固溶强化和析出强化对强度的贡献。结果表明:随着总氮含量从0.0021%提高到0.0103%,钢中化合氮含量下降10.1%,但是AlN析出相中的氮的含量上升10.7%。氮在提高镀锡板强度方面发挥重要作用,钢中总氮含量提高0.0082%,其对屈服强度的贡献值提升约30 MPa。     

基于GsMAP的尼洋河流域降水时空分布特征研究

鉴于尼洋河地区实测降雨资料缺乏,卫星降雨产品具有显著优势,基于GsMAP降雨产品数据和地面观测站点数据,利用降雨量年内分配特征的δ方法建立卫星降雨校正公式,分析流域降雨量的时空分布特征。结果表明,实测站点月降雨量校正结果较好,相关系数达0.954,年尺度的站点降雨相关系数为0.54,降雨量空间分布呈现出自西向东递增的特点。卫星降雨观测在西部地区存在低估,东部地区有一定程度的高估,在降雨梯度分布上,流域在3500~4000m高程段降雨量呈上升趋势,其他高程段均为显著下降,整体变化率为-104mm/km。流域的年均面平均降雨量为699mm,降雨多集中于夏季,且有逐年增加趋势。