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1.
深凹露天矿山由于其特殊的结构,爆破产生的炮烟扩散稀释较为困难,严重危害生产作业人员的生命安全与健康。基于实际矿山构建了深凹露天矿山的二维物理及数学模型,采用非稳态数值分析方法研究了不同爆破位置下,深凹露天矿山采坑内爆破炮烟的扩散规律。研究结果表明:不同爆破位置下,露天采坑内均出现复环流,爆破点位置是影响露天采坑内风流结构特征的重要因素;露天采坑内的炮烟最高浓度均随着时间变化而逐渐下降,但下降的速率逐步减小,呈现三个阶段的下降趋势;爆破位置位于背风侧时露天采坑内的炮烟最高浓度和降至安全浓度所需时间远高于迎风侧三个爆破位置;随着背风侧爆破点距采坑底部距离的减小,炮烟最高浓度及降至安全浓度所需时间先降低后增加,炮烟最高浓度及降至安全浓度所需时间随着迎风侧爆破位置距采坑底部距离的减小而增加。研究结果对于指导深凹露天矿山企业合理组织爆破后的生产作业和保障作业人员安全具有重要意义。  相似文献   
2.
Powder transport systems are ubiquitous in various industries, where they can encounter single powder flow, two-phase flow with solids carried by gas or liquid, and gas–solid–liquid three-phase flow. System geometry, operating conditions, and particle properties have significant impacts on the flow behavior, making it difficult to achieve good transportation of granular materials. Compared to experimental trials and theoretical studies, the numerical approach provides unparalleled advantages over the investigation and prediction of detailed flow behavior, of which the discrete element method (DEM) can precisely capture complex particle-scale information and attract a plethora of research interests. This is the first study to review recent progress in the DEM and coupled DEM with computational fluid dynamics for extensive powder transport systems, including single-particle, gas–solid/solid–liquid, and gas–solid–liquid flows. Some important aspects (i.e., powder electrification during pneumatic conveying, pipe bend erosion, non-spherical particle transport) that have not been well summarized previously are given special attention, as is the application in some new-rising fields (ocean mining, hydraulic fracturing, and gas/oil production). Studies involving important large-scale computation methods, such as the coarse grained DEM, graphical processing unit-based technique, and periodic boundary condition, are also introduced to provide insight for industrial application. This review study conducts a comprehensive survey of the DEM studies in powder transport systems.  相似文献   
3.
Sealing performance between two contacting surfaces is of significant importance to stable operation of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. In this work, an analytical micro-scale approach is first established to predict the gas leakage in fuel cells. Gas pressure and uneven pressure distribution at the interface are also included in the model. At first, the micro tortuous leakage path at the interface is constructed by introducing contact modelling and fractal porous structure theory. In order to obtain the leakage at the entire surface, contact pressure distribution is predicted based on bonded elastic layer model. The gas leakage through the discontinuous interface can be obtained with consideration of convection and diffusion. Then, experiments are conducted to validate the numerical model, and good agreement is obtained between them. Finally, influences of surface topology, gasket compression and gasket width on leakage are studied based on the model. The results show that gas leakage would be greatly amplified when the asperity standard deviation of surface roughness exceeds 1.0 μm. Gaskets with larger width and smaller thickness are beneficial to sealing performance. The model is helpful to understand the gas leakage behavior at the interface and guide the gasket design of fuel cells.  相似文献   
4.
为研究高面板堆石坝的地震易损性,基于增量动力分析(IDA)与支持向量机(SVM)相结合的方法,首先利用拉丁超立方抽样(LHS)方法从人工生成的100条地震动中随机选取30条,选定PGA为地震动强度指标,坝顶竖向位移为性能指标,通过对每条地震动进行等间距调幅,对面板坝进行有限元计算及对结果进行IDA分析,提取各条地震动在所选性能指标不同极限状态下的PGA;然后引入SVM,以代表地震动特性的参数为输入,以PGA为输出,训练并测试SVM模型;最后利用SVM模型做快速预测,在考虑不同地震动数目的条件下,分析面板坝的地震易损性,并绘制地震易损性曲线。研究结果表明,IDA-SVM方法在分析大坝易损性的问题上具有可行性和有效性,且考虑不同地震动数目所得的地震易损性曲线不尽相同。  相似文献   
5.
为探究高水头大幅变化对混流式水轮机尾水管涡带的演化及对压力脉动的影响,以国内运行水头变幅最大的紫坪铺水电站水轮机为例,通过三维建模及定常和非定常条件的CFD分析,研究混流式水轮机在相同开度下最大水头、设计水头和最小水头三种工况的流动特点。结果表明,最小水头工况下尾水管内部流态较乱,尾水管中存在螺旋型空腔涡带,主要分布在直锥段。最大水头工况下尾水管的柱状涡带直径较大,且分布在直锥段和弯肘段,对机组振动和空化影响较大。研究结果阐明了非定常流动的特性,揭示了尾水管内压力脉动与涡带发展形态变化的规律,可为水轮机的安全可靠运行提供技术保障。  相似文献   
6.
The combustion characteristics of ammonia/methanol mixtures were investigated numerically in this study. Methanol has a dramatic promotive effect on the laminar burning velocity (LBV) of ammonia. Three mechanisms from literature and another four self-developed mechanisms constructed in this study were evaluated using the measured laminar burning velocities of ammonia/methanol mixtures from Wang et al. (Combust.Flame. 2021). Generally, none of the selected mechanisms can precisely predict the measured laminar burning velocities at all conditions. Aiming to develop a simplified and reliable mechanism for ammonia/methanol mixtures, the constructed mechanism utilized NUI Galway mechanism (Combust.Flame. 2016) as methanol sub-mechanism and the Otomo mechanism (Int. J. Hydrogen. Energy. 2018) as ammonia sub-mechanism was optimized and reduced. The reduced mechanism entitled ‘DNO-NH3’, can accurately reproduce the measured laminar burning velocities of ammonia/methanol mixtures under all conditions. A reaction path analysis of the ammonia/methanol mixtures based on the DNO-NH3 mechanism shows that methanol is not directly involved in ammonia oxidation, instead, the produced methyl radicals from methanol oxidization contribute to the dehydrogenation of ammonia. Besides, NOx emission analysis demonstrates that 60% methanol addition results in the highest NOx emissions. The most important reactions dominating the NOx consumption and production are identified in this study.  相似文献   
7.
A dual-coolant integrated experimental facility named DRAGON-V has been developed at the Institute of Nuclear Energy Safety Technology, Hefei Institute of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, for the key technology research and performance evaluation of candidate liquid lithium-lead (PbLi) blanket of hydrogen fusion reactors. The loop is composed of a material test sub-loop and thermal-hydraulic test sub-loop, the design parameters are PbLi inventory 20 tons, PbLi temperature up to 550 °C, the maximum PbLi flow rate up to 40 kg/s. A novel cold trap system is designed to remove the suspended and crystalized impurities in PbLi fluid with three cooling zones and cross row arrangement of rod bundle filter elements. The paper describes the loop itself and its major components, initial loop testing, flow and measurement diagnostics and current experiments. The obtained test results of the loop and its components have demonstrated that the new facility is fully functioning and ready for experimental studies of material corrosion with/without a magnetic field, magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effect, purification, heat and mass transfer phenomena in PbLi flows and can also be used in mock-up testing in conditions relevant to fusion applications.  相似文献   
8.
徐吉信 《江西煤炭科技》2022,(1):163-165,168
通过对崔庄煤矿煤炭自然发火规律的研究及气体分析法在该矿自然发火预测预报中的实际应用,阐述了正确布置监测取样点,并采用多种指标进行综合分析的必要性。提出了预测发火的范围、分析漏风点位置、在火区治理过程中验证灭火效果等,也是气体分析法预测预报的重要组成部分。  相似文献   
9.
针对管道气体携带杂质对球阀冲蚀磨损导致其失效的问题,采用欧拉-拉格朗日流体描述方法,运用Comsol Multiphysics软件对气固两相流球阀冲蚀磨损进行数值模拟计算,研究球阀流场特征、冲蚀磨损分布、不同参数对冲蚀磨损影响及冲蚀率随参数变化趋势,并把模拟结果与工程现场冲蚀球阀对比,验证模拟的准确性。结果表明:球阀内流速在一定范围内改变,产生的二次流漩涡是导致冲蚀的主要因素;球阀冲蚀磨损随开度减小,随流速、粒径和质量流率增大而增加,呈非线性正相关。  相似文献   
10.
带有机力通风冷却塔的机组冷端优化需要考虑冷却塔的能耗,热力性能受大气参数的影响较大。为了研究以大气参数为边界条件的冷端系统最佳的运行方式,以带有逆流式机力通风冷却塔的发电机组为对象,对机力通风冷却塔和凝汽器进行变工况分析,寻求冷端系统优化后的机组最小供电煤耗率。结果表明:当3台循环水泵和5台风机运行时,机组供电煤耗率可降低1.6 g/(kW·h);当2台循环水泵和4台风机运行时,机组供电煤耗率可降低8 g/(kW·h)。  相似文献   
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