煤矿管道瓦斯流量计量技术研究

阐述了煤矿管道瓦斯流量计量技术的发展现状,分析了孔板流量计、涡街流量计、皮托管流量计、旋进漩涡流量计、V锥流量计的优缺点;针对瓦斯流量测量准确度受气体中的杂质和瓦斯体积分数变化影响的问题,提出了解决办法;建议煤矿瓦斯抽放管网中的主管、干管、支管采用V锥流量计,汇流管以及各评价单元采用多点采样的插入式流量计;指出煤矿管道瓦斯流量计量应根据不同的现场状况、工况条件及测量需求选择相应的流量计。     

Study of Hydrodynamics,Mixing and Gas‐Liquid Mass Transfer in a Split‐Rectangular Airlift Reactor

Global hydrodynamic characteristics, liquid mixing and gas‐liquid mass transfer for a 63 L split‐rectangular airlift reactor were studied. Correlations for gas holdup and overall liquid circulation velocity were derived for the air‐water system as a function of the specific power input; these were compared to data and correlations for reactor volumes between 4.7 L and 4600 L. A partial recirculation of small bubbles in the riser was observed when U_gr > 0.03 m/s, which was attributed to the use of a single‐orifice nozzle as the gas phase distributor. The dimensionless mixing time and the overall axial dispersion coefficient were nearly constant for the range of gas flow rates studied. However, values of K_L/d_B were greater than those reported in previous studies and this is caused by the partial recirculation of the gas phase in the riser. While scale effects remain slight, the use of a gas distributor favouring this partial recirculation seems adequate for mass transfer in split‐rectangular airlift reactors.     

Fabrication of polysulfone asymmetric hollow‐fiber membranes by coextrusion through a triple‐orifice spinneret

Polysulfone (PSf) asymmetric hollow‐fiber membranes, which have a dense outer layer but a loose inner layer, were tentatively fabricated by coextrusion through a triple‐orifice spinneret and a dry/wet‐phase inversion process. Two simple polymer dopes were tailored, respectively, for the dense outer layer and the porous inner layer according to the principles of the phase‐inversion process. By adjusting the ratio of the inner/outer extrusion rate, the hollow‐fiber membranes with various thicknesses of outer layers were achieved. The morphology of the hollow‐fiber membranes was exhibited and the processing conditions and the water permeability of the membrane were investigated. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 259–266, 2004     

船用中速柴油机定时齿轮罩壳均衡凝固工艺

通过对定时齿轮罩壳的结构分析,采用大孔出流理论设计浇注系统,根据均衡凝固有限补缩原理,设计出气冒口,实现薄壁壳体的浇口当冒口铸造工艺,提高铸件成品率,降低铸件的成本.     

急弯段闸孔出流的弯道水流特性研究

在河弯处修建水工建筑物时,研究弯道水流特性对水工建筑物布置的影响十分重要。采用RNCκ-ε紊流模型对急弯段闸孔出流的弯道水流进行了三维数值模拟。通过模拟计算,比较分析了急弯段不同闸位、不同流量条件下闸孔过流时的流速分布、紊流动能、压强分布和环流等相关水流特性与变化规律。分析研究结果表明,闸坝位于弯道上游时,弯道对闸坝过流的影响最小,但需对闸坝下流弯道凸岸岸坡附近区域采取一定的防护措施;闸坝布置在弯道中游时,过闸水流受弯道的影响最小,闸室水流的稳定性、闸门的工作安全以及闸墩的空蚀破坏都是实际工程中需要注意的重点。数值模拟验证与物理模型试验结果吻合较好,计算精度较高,能够满足相关计算研究要求。     

铸造闸门在苏丹麦洛维灌溉工程的应用

介绍苏丹麦洛维大坝工程灌溉渠滑动闸门的设计经验,属小孔口高水头滑动闸门设计,门槽尺寸较小,动水启闭.达到闸门关闭后止水效果好、启闭过程中不发生射流,安装方便的要求.     

汽车发动机冷却循环系统模块调温器总成试验台的研制

本文对汽车发动机冷却循环系统中模块调温器总成试验台的研制进行了阐述,对调温器的原理,主体结构与功能以及模块调温器总成试验台的装夹模具,温度、流量、压力检测分别作了介绍。     

三峡电站排沙孔工作门区及通气管道空化特性研究

针对三峡电站排沙孔工作门区及通气管道设计体型,通过减压模型试验研究了通气孔分流对高流速有压泄水段空化特性的影响。成果表明:在通气孔节制阀全开时,通气孔底部出口区会产生强烈的蒸汽型空化,而节制阀区无蒸汽型空化发生;在通气孔节制阀半开或全关时,上述两部位的空化强度大大降低,基本上无空蚀破坏的危险性。为保证高流速有压泄水建筑物安全可靠的运行,工程上要避免该部位出现分流设计。     

调水工程输水渠道堰闸流量计算方法探讨

调水工程输水渠道堰闸流量计算方法的准确性是运行调度数字化、信息化的关键水力条件。传统的堰闸流量计算方法是先进行孔流、堰流判别,再根据相应的经验公式进行计算,其孔、堰流判断条件为闸门的相对开度e/H。经试验研究及理论分析论证认为:传统计算公式中以e/H=0.65作为宽顶堰孔流与堰流的判断条件,仅适用于自由出流状态。调水工程输水渠道堰闸工程正常运行条件一般为大淹没孔流,传统方法计算流量误差较大。通过系列模型试验数据的拟合,提出了特定条件下调水工程堰闸流量计算方法。     

The experimental investigation of a pulse tube refrigerator with a ‘L’ type pulse tube and two orifice valves

In order to simplify the structure of the cold end of the pulse tube refrigerator (PTR) and have a better utilization of the cold energy of the system, a single stage four-valve pulse tube refrigerator (FVPTR) with a ‘L’ type pulse tube structure and two orifice valves at the hot end of pulse tube has been constructed. Verification experiments show that a two-orifice valve structure gives different adjustments to the gas flow rate of the hot end of the pulse tube than that of the one-orifice valve structure, a lowest temperature of 72 K was obtained at a frequency of 2.5 Hz under a system average pressure of 1.6 MPa with 200 mesh bronze screens as regenerator material, 20 mesh copper screens as stuffing material of heat exchanger. Due to the difficulty in manufacturing the thin ‘L’ type pulse tube, the wall thickness of the pulse tube in the experiment is relatively bigger than that of the ordinary pulse tube, which resulted in relatively big system loss and affected the minimum temperature of the system to a certain degree.