石墨烯纳米制冷剂核态池沸腾换热的实验研究

为分析单层石墨烯纳米片对核态池沸腾换热的影响机理，对基液为R141b、分散相为单层石墨烯纳米片的纳米制冷剂的核态池沸腾换热特征进行了测定，采用Hot Disk热物性分析仪和铂金板法分别测定了石墨烯纳米制冷剂的热导率和表面张力，采用接触角测量仪和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观测了沸腾后加热表面的润湿性和形貌特征。实验中，单层石墨烯纳米片的质量百分含量（ω）为0.02%~0.50%，实验压力为一个标准大气压，热流密度为20~200 kW/m2。实验结果表明：单层石墨烯纳米片的加入，使制冷剂R141b的核态池沸腾换热得到强化；当ω=0.2%时，换热系数提高比例出现峰值，为57.7%。伴随ω的增加，石墨烯纳米制冷剂的热导率增大、表面张力减小，沸腾表面润湿性增强且微腔数先增后减，综合作用的结果导致存在一个最佳的单层石墨烯纳米片浓度（即ω=0.2%）使换热系数最高。     

LNG与NGL联产工艺优化及改进

为了降低LNG与NGL联产工艺能耗以及进一步提高乙烷回收率,采用Aspen HYSYS软件进行仿真模拟,其中凝液回收工艺采用冷干气回流工艺,制冷循环采用混合冷剂制冷工艺,在保持乙烷回收工艺各参数不变、保证乙烷回收率在95%以上的前提下,以压缩机总能耗与LNG产品质量流量的比值为目标函数,以换热器夹点温差为约束条件,使用遗传算法进行优化。并针对基础流程优化后换热器HX-2中对数平均温差大、冷热组合曲线温差波动范围大的问题提出了改进方案。然后通过火用分析方法定量对比优化改进前后主要设备的火用损失。研究结果表明:(1)对基础流程优化后单位能耗由0.55 kW·h/kg降低到0.41 kW·h/kg,换热器HX-1对数平均温差由10.6℃降低到5.6℃,换热器HX-2对数平均温差由7.6℃降低到6.7℃;(2)采用遗传算法优化后,改进流程单位能耗由基础流程的0.41 kW·h/kg降低到0.36 kW·h/kg,换热器HX-1对数平均温差无明显变化,换热器HX-2对数平均温差由6.7℃降低到4.9℃;(3)改进流程优化后与基础流程相比,火用损失减少43.92%。其中换热器HX-2火用损失减少最多,占总火用损失减少量的32.14%。     

An experimental investigation of refrigerant mixture R32/R290 as drop-in replacement for HFC410A in household air conditioners

In the present paper, the refrigerant mixture R32/R290 (68%/32% by weight) is investigated as the drop-in replacement for R410A in household air conditioners. The GWP of it is only 22% of that of R410A. Theoretical and experimental investigations are conducted on the performance of the air conditioners working with both R32/R290 and R410A. Experimental results show that the refrigerant charge amount of R32/R290 is reduced by 30.0%–35.0%; the cooling and heating capacities are increased by 14.0%–23.7%. For further reducing charge amount and flammability, the micro-channel heat exchanger (condenser) is employed to replace the finned tube one. Compared with the R32/R290 system using finned tube heat exchanger, the R32/R290 charge amount and the power consumption are reduced by 34.1% and 0.4%, respectively; the cooling capacity and the COP are increased by 6.4% and 6.8%, respectively.     

Thermal performance analysis of fin-and-tube heat exchanger circuit in supercritical hydrogen refrigeration cycle system

A circuit arrangement model for air-to-refrigerant fin-and-tube heat exchanger with supercritical hydrogen as the refrigerant is developed. The mass, momentum and energy balance equations in the circuit arrangement model are solved by the effectiveness-NTC method. The effects of gravity force, flow state and inhibit heat conduction on the heat transfer in the supercritical hydrogen refrigerant heat exchanger are investigated. Results show that the flow arrangement placed at a location where the fluid flows from the high place to the low one can achieve a better heat heat transfer performance. The form of counter-flow has a better heat transfer performance compared to that of parallel-flow. The heat transfer performance in the six-in-three-out arrangement is the better compared to that of three-in-three-out arrangement. Thus, the structure of the six-in-three-out with counter-flow from high to low one is recommend to achieve a better heat transfer performance in the supercritical hydrogen refrigerant heat exchanger.     

AVR单片机氡室温湿度智能控制的方案设计与实现

介绍了一种新型的采用AVR单片机作为主控器的氡室温湿度智能控制系统,阐述了ATmega128单片机与温湿度传感器、氡室制冷系统和除湿系统等部件实现的软、硬件接口技术要点。通过对温湿度控制能力的理论计算,确定该套方案是可行的。该控制系统既可以独立完成对氡室温湿度的监控,也可以通过RS-232C接口与PC机通信,组成基于PC机的控制系统。     

电冰箱替代工质及节能循环研究的动态及存在的问题

着重介绍了国内外关于电冰箱替代工质和节能循环方面的最新研究成果，并对我国在这一领域内的研究和实验工作提出了一些建议．     

近年来国内外制冷剂的研究状况

总结了汽车空调HFC-134a替代、在用离心式冷水机组CFC替代、HCFC-22的替代和中高温热泵工质开发四个领域内的研究工作及研究成果。     

从全球气候变暖角度评替代冷媒HCFC—123与HFC—134a的使用前景

蒙特利尔议定书《修正案》规定了ＨＣＦＣ类化学品从２００４年起分阶段削减产量，联合国气候变化框架公约《京都协议》要求限期削减温室气体排放总量，以此为背景探讨了替代冷媒对全球环境问题的影响机理；在比较了两个国际环境协定的管制方法和前提的基础上，分析了ＨＣＦＣ－１２３的环境影响，提出了对ＨＦＣ－１３４ａ优势的三点反思；对两者的前景发表了四点看法。     

国内外自然工质研究现状与发展趋势

概述了在水、氨、碳氢化合物、二氧化碳等自然工质领域里的国内外研究现状和发展趋势，着重讨论了二氧化碳跨临界循环的系统特点和应用技术关键，并对自然工质的应用前景作了分析。     

共晶盐蓄冷球凝固过程的数值模拟研究

对共晶盐蓄冷球建立了物理和数学模型,利用FLUENT软件对其凝固过程进行了数值模拟研究,得到了温度场分布和相界面移动规律,分析了载冷剂温度和球径对凝固时间的影响。载冷剂温度越低,共晶盐蓄冷球的凝固时间越短,相界面移动速度越快;凝固时间与球径成正比。