Continuum electrostatic approach for evaluating positions and interactions of proteins in a bilayer membrane

Orientations of proteins in the membranes are crucial to their function and stability. Unfortunately the exact positions of these proteins in the lipid bilayer are mostly undetermined. Here, the spatial orientation of membrane proteins within the lipid membrane was evaluated using a Poisson–Boltzmann solvent continuum approach to calculate the electrostatic free energy of the protein solvation at various orientations in an implicit bilayer. The solvation energy was obtained by computing the difference in electrostatic energies of the protein in water and in lipid/water environments, treating each as an implicit solvent model. The optimal position of transmembrane proteins (TMP) in a lipid bilayer is identified by the minimum in the “downhill” pathway of the solvation energy landscape. The energy landscape pattern was considerably conserved in various TMP classes. Evaluation of the position of 1060 membrane proteins from the orientations of proteins in membranes (OPM) database revealed that most of the polytopic and β-barrel proteins were in good agreement with those of the OPM database. The study provides a useful scheme for estimating the membrane solvation energy made by lipid-exposed amino acids in membrane proteins. In addition, our results tested with the bacterial potassium channel model demonstrated the potential usefulness of the approach in assessing the quality of membrane protein models. The present approach should be applicable for constructing transmembrane proteins–lipid configuration suitable for membrane protein simulations and will have utility for the structural modeling of membrane proteins.     

Coastal trapped waves in the southern Caspian Sea

Previous studies reported coastal trapped waves (CTWs) in the Caspian Sea (CS). This study deals with the generation mechanisms, the temporal and spatial variability of CTWs in this area, and their transformations during propagation from the origin to the destination using recent measurements and high-resolution numerical simulations. CTWs are observed at all stations with periods of 2–6 days after northerly storms. The Absheron Peninsula, old Sefidrud delta, and Nur coasts were identified as the CTWs prone regions. The generation of CTWs in these locations was confirmed using numerical experiments. The propagation away from the generating location of CTWs was analyzed using a representative real wind storm. In the west part of the CS, the generation mechanism of CTWs is mainly similar to the barotropic Kelvin waves; in contrast, it is similar to the continental shelf waves in the southern shelves. The results can be used to study the contribution of generated CTWs to the transport of sediment and biological materials in all large lakes.     

变频式超声波发生器的高速锁相研究

用于超声键合工艺的超声波发生器是引线键合封装设备的主要装置,其核心与关键是频率自动跟踪与锁相速度。文中构建了一种变频式超声波发生器,并对其中的高速锁相进行分析。通过换能器的电流反馈,采用基于嵌入式的数字式真有效值试探算法,超声波发生器锁相速度比传统速度提高数十倍,达到高速锁相的要求,满足了换能系统工作时的高速谐振需求。     

潍北凹陷砂砾岩体的地球物理特征研究

潍北凹陷下第三系孔店组沉积中砂砾岩体较为发育，由于地震资料质量较差，砂砾岩体的剖面特征及平面分布一直得不到较好的落实。从原始地震记录人手，分别进行了时频分析技术及均方根振幅(能量)技术处理，获得了相应的时频分析剖面及均方根振幅剖面。由时频特征确定了地震旋回体的存在，旋回体的横向变化揭示了砂砾岩体沉积环境的规律。均方根剖面能量团的变化反映了砂砾岩体的空间分布范围，揭示了研究区砂砾岩体沉积期多水系、多物源、纵向上多期叠置的沉积特征。     

On Measuring the Root-Mean-Square Value of a Finite Record Length Periodic Waveform

An analysis of the uncertainty in measuring the root-mean-square, rms or R_q, value of a periodic waveform which results from the use of a finite record length is presented. Even though the results of the analysis are somewhat as expected, i.e., that the uncertainty is inversely proportional to the number of periods in the record, the explicit relationship between the magnitude of the uncertainty and properties of the waveform does not appear to be available in the literature. The paper first presents an introductory example in terms of the reasonably well known case of bandwidth limited Gaussian waveform to introduce definitions. Following this is an analysis of the periodic waveform using the same approach. It is shown that for a large number of periods, n, in the record length, the normalized three standard deviation of the rms value is given by 3/(8πn).     

检测电压暂降特征量的有效值算法

在简述电压暂降的基本概念、特征量和起因的基础上,介绍了采用有效值算法获取电压暂降特征量的方法,提供了完整的软件处理流程。通过Matlab仿真,验证了全周期有效值算法和半周期有效值算法的有效性,得出了电压暂降起始时刻和终止时刻的延时误差变化曲线。在对起止时刻精度有较高要求的场合,可以利用该曲线进行误差修正,进而得到更为准确的电压暂降持续时间。     

DSP控制动态无功补偿装置交流电量有效值算法

本文根据各种交流电量有效值算法的原理,从算法响应速度和计算精度两个方面分析了各种算法在DSP实现中的可行性,从而得出均方根算法是最佳选择的结论。最后以一动态无功补偿装置的实际运行状况表明均方根算法的可行性,该算法可以快速准确检测并计算电网各项参数。     

时间序列高阶分段表示方法

针对分段线性表示(即一阶线性函数表示)或分段常数表示(即零阶函数表示)在时间序列近似表示中拟合误差较大的问题,提出时间序列高阶函数分段表示方法。通过建立高阶函数候选集模型,利用拟合误差指标选取最优函数,为保证在分段点处连续,引入断点处约束条件;在分段点选取方式上,设定观测值变化阈值及分段区间阈值,保证压缩率的同时,保留重要点信息。实验结果表明,该算法相对于分段线性表示和分段常数表示,能更好地拟合原始序列。     

用回弹法检测混凝土强度方法的思考

通过对回弹法检测混凝土强度、砌筑砂浆强度方法的比较,发现其计算标准差的方法有所不同。我们建议批量检测混凝土构件强度时,亦采用砂浆回弹计算标准差的方法。     

采用石墨电极制备多孔硅工艺研究

采用石墨电极作为阴极,通过向腐蚀溶液中添加适量65％(质量分数wt％,下同)浓硝酸,以电化学腐蚀法在单晶硅片表面制备出多孔硅微结构.实验表明,随着腐蚀时间的增加,衡量多孔硅表面形貌的粗糙度和颗粒度指标值呈周期性增减变化;在电流密度为10 mA/cm2的阳极腐蚀参数下,将单晶硅片腐蚀1875秒制备的多孔硅样品的粗糙度和颗粒度值相对较大,原子力显微镜(AFM)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)检测结果表明其硅柱最大高度、颗粒最大直径和平均直径分别达到470 nm、1693.590nm、489.954nm.