一种新的芥酸生产方法

以油脚为原料，经皂化、盐析、酸化、水洗制成混合脂肪酸。将此混合脂肪酸减压蒸馏，同时用低温水冷却，使芥酸凝聚与其他液体酸分离，从而制得纯度较高的工业品芥酸     

国外沙丘研究综述

本文对国外沙丘的研究历史进行了简要回顾 ,就沙丘形态学、沙丘沉积学和沙丘动力学作了扼要评述 ,并对今后研究的趋势进行了探讨。     

Distribution and carbon isotope composition of lipid biomarkers in Lake Erhai and Lake Gahai sediments on the Tibetan Plateau

Lipid biomarkers and carbon isotopes of n-alkanes, n-fatty acids, and n-alkan-2-ones were used to determine organic carbon sources to surface sediments in lakes Erhai and Gahai on the Tibetan Plateau. All sediment samples contained n-fatty acids with lower concentrations of n-alkanes and n-alkan-2-ones. Long chain n-alkanes in lake sediments were characteristic of a source mixture of epicuticular waxes of higher plants and submerged littoral zone plants while n-fatty acids sources were bacteria and floating and/or submergent macrophytes; the n-alkan-2-ones had a possible source in epicuticular waxes of higher plants and/or grass from catchment which entered the lake and were reworked by the microorganisms. Sediment samples examined from Lake Erhai had heavier δ¹³C values of bulk organic carbon and specific carbon compounds than samples from Lake Gahai and meadow soil. This heavier isotopic composition can be best interpreted by the enhanced productivity occurring in Lake Erhai due to its lower salinity and possibly to limited CO₂ concentrations; for the latter, this may have enriched ¹³C in the dissolved inorganic carbon pool of the lake water.     

Do suspended sediments modulate the effects of octylphenol on rainbow trout?

A system was devised which allows particles to remain in suspension in a conventional 60 L aquarium without undue disturbance to resident fish. Using this system, juvenile rainbow trout were exposed for one week to 4-tert-octylphenol (OP, 10-1000 μg/L) with or without the presence of suspended sediments (10-20 mg/L of natural suspended sediments from the River Calder, UK). About 8% of the added OP partitioned to the solid phase. Vitellogenin levels were determined in the plasma of the exposed rainbow trout and showed a dose-dependent increase with regards to OP exposure concentration. Considerable variation in the vitellogenin response was observed between separate runs with the same OP concentration. There was no statistically significant (at P < 0.05) difference in plasma VTG levels between the OP treatments with or without suspended sediments. This suggests that the dissolved concentration is the key factor and natural suspended sediment neither protects against, nor exacerbates, the endocrine disrupting effect of OP on fish.     

利用磁性参数诊断泥石流沟道沉积物来源——以云南蒋家沟流域为例

蒋家沟流域是我国泥石流最发育的地区之一.本文以蒋家沟流域为例,根据泥石流沉积物和来源地土壤中磁性特征的不同,定量研究了该流域的沉积物来源.结果表明,泥石流沉积物主要来源于滑坡体堆积物,占97.56%;坡耕地和低覆盖草地对主沟沉积物的贡献率很低,与以往利用137Cs示踪技术研究的结果相符.但仍然存在着局限性,需结合137Cs等核素示踪,进一步加强研究和探讨.     

烟台套子湾海域表层沉积物粒度分布特征及其动力响应

根据2010年10月采集的山东烟台套子湾大范围表层沉积物样品以及收集到的实测水文资料,分析研究套子湾海域表层沉积物的粒度分布特征,同时在应用GSTA模型对沉积物进行输运趋势分析的基础上,探讨该区域泥沙运移趋势.结果表明:整个套子湾内主要以细砂或极细砂和粉砂质砂为主,沉积物总体呈条带状分布向外逐渐变细;海区大部分区域的表层沉积物分选性都很好,相对与较小的潮流动力而言,波浪动力因素对泥沙的长期分选起到了主要作用;套子湾海域沉积物内细颗粒含量很少,平均值仅在3.49％,该海域细颗粒泥沙来源少,揭示了套子湾海域以波浪作用为主的沉积环境.应用GSTA模型对表层沉积物运移趋势分析结果显示,套子湾海域以垂直岸线横向输沙为主,近岸存在一定的纵向输沙,但强度不大,在优势浪垂岸入射和横向输沙作用控制下,纵向输沙强度较弱.     

基于遗传算法的海底沉积物纹理特征优化方法

为了提高水下机器人对海底沉积物的自主分类感知能力,解决特征冗余问题,对利用遗传算法优化海底沉积物纹理特征进行了研究。以基于灰度共生矩阵和分形理论提取多种海底沉积物视觉纹理特征实现海底沉积物分类识别为背景,提出利用遗传算法对纹理特征项进行优化选择以实现对提取特征的降维,并将降维后的特征项作为自组织映射神经网络模型的输入,对海底沉积物进行视觉分类,提高水下机器人作业时的环境感知能力。实验结果表明,相对于未优化的纹理特征,优化后的纹理特征在海底沉积物分类识别中具有更优的分类效果。     

广州车陂涌底泥重金属污染及生态风险评价

合理处置重金属污染超标的底泥,是河道清淤工程的重点。以车陂涌清淤工程为例,通过原位测试、化学检验等,掌握河道清淤段不同位置底泥的污染特征。采用潜在生态危害指数法进行底泥污染潜在生态风险评价,得出河涌底泥低风险占31.71%、中等风险占29.27%、较高风险占2.44%、极高风险占36.59%,说明大多底泥需要处理。采用内梅罗综合污染指数法来评价底泥作为农用地土壤的适宜性,73.2%样点属于清洁,尚清洁、轻微污染各占9.8%,中度及严重污染共占7.2%,说明大部分底泥可用于农田。最后提出了该清淤工程应注意的问题,为车陂涌水环境治理提供科学依据。