Modeling electromigration lifetime under bidirectional currentstress

Electromigration reliability of interconnect under bidirectional current stress has been studied in a wide frequency range (mHz to 200 MHz). Experimental results show that the AC lifetime rises with the stress current frequency. The current density exponent and the activation energy of AC lifetime are found to be twice that of DC lifetime. Pure AC current stress failure at extremely high current density is believed to result from thermal migration of metal at hot/cold transition points     

Ka-band solid-state pulsed Gunn oscillator and power combiner

GaAs Gunn diodes were fabricated for pulse source application at 8 mm wave band and operated with pulsewidths of 0.05 to 2.0 microseconds and duty cycles of 0.001 to 0.01. Peak pulse output power levels of 0.8–1.2W are achieved and the maximum available power is 1.6W with the highest efficiency of 6.5 percent. A simple and compact pulsed power combiner is also given in this paper.     

A vectorial boundary element method analysis of integrated optical waveguides

In this paper, a new vectorial boundary element method is introduced and applied to the modal analysis of dielectric waveguides with piecewise homogeneous refractive indexes. The procedure, which is free of spurious modes, determines the full field distribution from the longitudinal fields at the refractive index boundaries. Singular kernels are evaluated through series solutions while the electric field discontinuity at corners is accommodated through either a grid refinement technique or a semianalytic approach. Our formalism generates propagation constants and modal field distributions for several representative refractive index profiles with far higher accuracy than standard finite-difference or finite-element procedures.     

元江县小板壁水库施工导流设计

元江县5 000t金属镍矿建设项目,是玉溪市“十一五”期间的重点工程,其项目建成投产后,将对元江县乃至玉溪市的经济发展起到重要的推动作用。省市两级党委和政府对此十分重视,积极促进和推动该项目的建设进程。该项目达到设计规模时,年生产用水将达500万m3,小板壁水库即为该项目     

水库周边违建问题清查整治中的依法行政与权利救济

针对临近水库的别墅等建筑物的清查整治,在实体层面,尤其对于五证齐全的建筑物,如何定性为违建需要慎重把握,对水库管理范围的界定是一个重点问题;在程序层面,应避免执法中因急于求成而催生的程序违法.强拆行为会产生重大损失,涉及多方主体和多重法律关系,应理清其中各方的法律责任,妥善解决纠纷.     

A helical drive in-pipe robot based on compound planetary gearing

The modern society is fuelled by very comprehensive grids of gas and liquid pipelines. In recent years, various in-pipe robots have been developed for inspection and maintenance tasks inside such pipes. In this paper, a novel in-pipe robot is proposed and developed for gas/oil well interventions at thousands of meters downhole. Due to the nature of such intervention, in-pipe robot design must be capable of carrying a very large payload, as large as 2500?N inside a pipe with diameter as small as 54?mm. The proposed design concept is based on a compound planetary gearing system. One of the major novelties of this design is the use of pipe wall as a ring gear for one stage of the compound planetary gear system; the other novelty is the generation of helical angle when the planetary gears are expanded to press on the pipe wall. The proposed concept is compact, efficient, and has never been reported before. In this paper, the helical angle, the velocity, and load capability of the proposed system will be analyzed. The load transportation capability of the proposed robot is also measured based on an experiment. Initial data have shown great potential in carrying large payloads.     

Preparation,characterization and salt-resistance of a coal based super absorbent composite

Potassium humate was extracted from brown coal.A novel super absorbent composite,poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/potassium humate (PAA-AM/KHA),was prepared by graft polymerization of acrylic acid,acrylamide and coal based potassium humate using N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinker and potassium peroxydisulfate as an initiator.The effects of reaction temperature,degree of neutralization of the poly (acrylic acid) and the amounts of crosslinker,initiator and potassium humate were investigated.Salt resistance tests were also carried out.The composite prepared under optimal conditions had a potassium humate content of 10% and exhibited a water absorption of 770 g/g in distilled water,and 349,286 and 41 g/g in 0.5 mol/L KC1,MgCl2 and AlCl3 solutions respectively.The results indicate that the salt resistance of PAA-AM/KHA was superior to that of poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) because of the collaborative effect of functional groups of the coal based potassium humate.The PAA-AM/KHA micro powder was characterized by IR spectroscopy and the micrographic surface was characterized by scanning electron microscopy.Introduction of potassium humate into the poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) structure creates a composite more suitable for use as a water-managing material in the renewal of arid and desert environments.The salt resisting property of the composite is improved,production costs are reduced and the growth stimulant effect is still present.     

车辆荷载作用下贝雷梁钢便桥动态响应数值仿真分析

以现代抢险救灾常用的贝雷梁钢便桥作为研究对象,采用ANSYS对其建立空间整体有限元模型,运用瞬态分析方法,模拟车辆过桥的整个过程,分析贝雷梁钢便桥的动态响应.结果表明:双排贝雷梁不均匀承担荷载,内侧贝雷梁相对较大,尤其在中轴和后轴荷载作用时,内外贝雷梁竖向位移差异最大;双排贝雷梁侧向位移几乎相同,且在中轴和后轴荷载作用时最大;主要以侧向和竖向振动为主,且不可忽略侧向振动响应,轴向振动响应较小可忽略不计.