Study on the blackening phenomenon of leaded glass during microgroove molding using nickel phosphorous mold

Precision glass molding (PGM) is a recently developed method to fabricate glass microgroove components. Lead glass is commonly used as an optical material due to its high refractive index and low transition temperature. A nickel-phosphorous (Ni–P) plated mold is traditionally employed in the PGM process for microstructures optics. However, leaded glass is subject to color change and can blacken during the PGM process, reducing the light transmittance of microgrooves. In this paper, an equation for the redox reaction between Ni and Pb is proposed, which is based on the diffusion of inner Ni atoms to the surface of the mold and the standard electrode potential of the Pb ions in leaded glass. A viscoelastic constitutive model of the glass is established to simulate the compression stress distribution during molding. Finally, the effects of molding pressure, molding temperature, and mold material on glass blackening are studied. The results show that the blackening of leaded glass is caused by Pb enriching the surface. The rise in molding stress and temperature increases the deformation of Ni–P plating, which promotes the diffusion of Ni atoms. By adding a titanium incorporated diamond-like carbon (Ti-DLC) coating, the deformation of the Ni–P plating during molding is suppressed, and the diffusion of Ni atoms can be prevented. In this way, the blackening of leaded glass can be prevented.     

一种新型缓凝剂的制备及其在水泥基复合材料中的应用

针对目前固井使用的缓凝剂存在的热稳定性能不好、异常胶凝现象（结块）、水泥石抗压强度减弱、水泥浆综合性能欠佳等问题，通过水溶液自由基聚合，研制了一种新型高温缓凝剂GWR-1，并对其热稳定性能进行了评价，同时，对加入4种缓凝剂GWR-1、GWH-1、HX-400、DRH-200L的水泥浆异常胶凝现象和综合性能做了比较。微观结构分析表明：各单体参与了反应，分子量分布较为均一，分子结构高温下稳定，GWR-1的热稳定性可达350℃。GWR-1在硅酸盐水泥基复合材料中应用性能测试结果表明：加入GWR-1水泥浆的稠化温度可达160℃，高温时加量不敏感，高温抗盐性能较好，加入GWR-1的水泥浆在150℃不会发生异常胶凝现象，且其硅酸盐水泥石的强度发展良好，低密度和高密度的水泥浆的综合性能优于加入其他3种缓凝剂的水泥浆。     

基于机器学习识别与标记分水岭分割的盲道图像定位

视觉导盲仪是一种旨在解决盲人出行困难的导盲设备，为了实现视觉导盲仪诱导盲人找到盲道并沿盲道行走，提出了一种基于机器学习识别与标记分水岭分割的盲道图像定位算法，通过离线训练与在线的识别、分割来定位盲道区域。首先对盲道图像进行视角变换的预处理，根据盲道的地面方程将变化的倾斜视角转换为固定的俯视视角，消除射影变换带来的失真；然后利用局部二进制模式描述子提取鸟瞰图的纹理特征，以自适应增强学习算法离线训练盲道识别分类器；进而利用分类器对鸟瞰图像进行在线识别，粗略确定盲道区域；最后将识别结果进行形态学处理后作为标记，利用标记分水岭算法得到精确分割的盲道区域并定位盲道中心线。在研制的视觉导盲仪上进行验证，结果表明盲道定位准确率达到了95.44%，速度平均每秒8帧，具有高准确率的同时达到实时性要求，为盲道的准确三维定位提供了必要条件。     

Types of place attachment and pro-environmental behaviors of urban residents in Beijing

Residents' engagement in pro-environmental behavior is crucial in tackling the environmental challenges that cities face. Research shows that residents who are attached to their place of residence are more likely to engage in pro-environmental behavior and, consequently, place attachment has been prescribed as a pro-environmental policy. However, previous research has not explored which specific aspect of place attachment is most effective at promoting different types of pro-environmental behavior. Furthermore, in the context of big cities which typically host both natives and migrants, different resident groups may be attached to their places of residence due to different reasons. This implies that different types of place attachment policies may be required for each group of residents. Using survey data in Beijing, China, we find that the social bonding dimension of place attachment is most effective at promoting pro-environmental behavior and that this relationship is stronger for native born residents and those with longer residency length. We also find that the effect of place social bonding is stronger for high-effort than low-effort pro-environmental behavior. Our findings have implications for the design and implementation of place attachment policies for local authorities in Beijing and in other big cities where different groups of residents cohabit. Generally, our research results imply that place attachment policies that focus on promoting social connections amongst urban residents to their place of residence will be most effective.     

钒及热处理工艺对贝氏体钢中奥氏体碳富集的影响

研究了V以及BAT工艺、BQ&P工艺、DBAT工艺对中高碳(~0.6wt% C)纳米贝氏体钢等温转变过程中奥氏体碳富集的影响。为了分析不同热处理工艺时的组织转变,采用DIL805L型膨胀仪、X射线衍射仪(XRD)测量并计算残留奥氏体含量及其中碳含量,利用扫描电镜(SEM)分析了等温转变过程中试验钢显微组织形貌,并统计M/A岛含量及尺寸。结果表明:V对贝氏体转变有抑制作用,使残留奥氏体中碳富集速率变慢;3种热处理工艺下碳富集速率不同,BQ&P工艺和DBAT工艺的碳富集速率均大于BAT工艺,可利用BQ&P、DBAT工艺弥补合金元素V推迟相变的影响。     

泛在网在食品安全领域的可行性研究——以建设泛在食品安全网为例

分析了中国当前食品安全现状,并提出建设泛在食品安全网的构想,通过对新技术的融合,设计出泛在食品安全网体系架构,指出泛在食品安全网的建设能够解决消费者、企业、监管机构之间面临的信息不对称等诸多问题,进一步提升中国食品安全管理水平。     

雷达目标辨识网络的对抗性样本分析

为了验证雷达目标辨识网络存在风险,提升基于辨识网络的雷达目标辨识效果,文中研究了不同雷达目标辨识网络的对抗性样本。针对雷达目标辨识网络中的卷积神经网络和分解卷积神经网络,建立对抗性样本生成模型,按照该模型生成对抗性样本,并对生成的结果进行分析总结。实测数据处理结果表明,雷达目标辨识网络存在潜在风险。     

河道沉积环境下可视化精准导航钻井技术

河道沉积地层由于受河流冲刷的影响，地层沉积分布不均，砂体变化大，造成钻井定向施工困难，为此开展了井下可视化精准导航钻井技术研究。采用以多井测井细分层为垂向地层约束、以地震层面为横向约束的井周地层反演技术，构建了井周地层可视化模型，并以待钻井方位为基础，提取模型垂向剖面，形成地层钻井导航模型，支撑钻井快速准确钻达目标层位。可视化精准导航钻井技术在杭锦旗JPH-X井进行了现场试验，通过对比构建的导航模型与前期二开实际钻遇地层，发现所建导航模型与实际数据完全一致，表明所建导航模型准确；基于该模型进行了三开钻井侧钻位置确定及钻井施工导航，顺利完成了水平段施工，砂岩钻遇率达到了100%。井下可视化精准导航钻井技术为河道沉积地层优快钻井施工提供了新的技术手段。      

陆相含油气盆地沉积体系再思考:来自分支河流体系的启示

通过分析分支河流体系的基本特征，对分支河流体系在陆相含油气沉积盆地沉积体系研究和油气勘探中的意义进行分析和讨论。分支河流体系是指河流从某一顶点开始进入盆地并呈放射状展布的沉积体系，包括最大规模的巨型扇、中等规模的河流扇以及小规模的冲积扇。分支河流体系广泛发育在拉张、挤压、走滑和克拉通盆地中，占据了沉积盆地大部分地区；河道呈分支状分布，但不一定同时都在活动；河道规模向下游逐渐减小，泛滥平原和河道所占面积之比不断增加，沉积物粒度逐渐变细。分支河流体系的沉积模式与冲积扇模式外形相似，但内容相差很大。河流流域盆地梯度和流域面积与分支河流体系的表面坡降和面积具有正相关性。分支河流体系是随着现代地球信息技术发展而提出的，也是冲积扇沉积学、河流沉积学和陆相沉积体系研究不断深入的结果，是陆相盆地沉积学与现代计算机和地理信息技术融合发展的结果。分支河流体系的研究促进了扇状沉积体系分类描述的系统化，促进了沉积微相和沉积模式的多样化，促进了沉积过程响应解释的精细化，促进了源汇体系分析的定量化。分支河流体系启发了对陆相盆地沉积体系展布模式、陆相沉积体系中河流沉积作用、陆相盆地岩相古地理格局以及陆相盆地油气勘探潜力的再思考。研究分支河流体系对完善中国陆相沉积储层地质理论体系具有重要意义。     

A simple physical mixing method for MnO2/MnO nanocomposites with superior Zn2+ storage performance

MnO₂/MnO cathode material with superior Zn²⁺ storage performance is prepared through a simple physical mixing method. The MnO₂/MnO nanocomposite with a mixed mass ratio of 12:1 exhibits the highest specific capacity (364.2 mA·h/g at 0.2C), good cycle performance (170.4 mA·h/g after 100 cycles) and excellent rate performance (205.7 mA·h/g at 2C). Analysis of cyclic voltammetry (CV) data at various scan rates shows that both diffusion- controlled insertion behavior and surface capacitive behavior contribute to the Zn²⁺ storage performance of MnO₂/MnO cathodes. And the capacitive behavior contributes more at high discharge rates, due to the short paths of ion diffusion and the rapid transfer of electrons.