Lewis acid-oxygen vacancy interfacial synergistic catalysis over SO42−/Ce0.84Zr0.16O2–WO3–ZrO2 for N,N-diethylation of aniline with ethanol

Herein, a new mechanism involving Lewis acid-oxygen vacancy interfacial synergistic catalysis for aniline N,N-diethylation with ethanol was proposed, and the SO₄²⁻/Ce_0.84Zr_0.16O₂–WO₃–ZrO₂ catalyst (SCWZ) with both Lewis acid sites and oxygen vacancies was synthesized by the hydrothermal method, which shows better catalytic activity than the reported solid acidic catalysts. Besides, the SO₄²⁻/ZrO₂ (SZ) and SO₄²⁻/WO₃–ZrO₂ (SWZ) catalysts were also prepared and compared with SCWZ to investigate the synergistic effect of each component. The SO₄²⁻ and WO₃ mainly generate Lewis acid by bonding with ZrO₂, which is beneficial for the fracture of the N–H bond in aniline. The Ce_0.84Zr_0.16O₂ solid solution mainly plays a vital role in generating the oxygen vacancies as the interface active species, which can participate in stripping –OH from ethanol, then the carbocation will also be released, which only needs 1.3805 kcal/mol energy, calculated by density functional theory (DFT), to be input. In comparison, the traditional reaction mechanism needs the Brønsted acidic sites to promote the protonation of ethanol, then dehydration and subsequent formation of carbocation followed, and 108.6846 kcal/mol energy needs to be input, which is far higher than that of the new mechanism. The apparent activation energy (E_a) over SCWZ was measured by experiment to be 34.09 kJ/mol, which is much lower than that of SWZ (47.10 kJ/mol) and SZ (54.37 kJ/mol), illustrating comparatively preferable kinetics for SCWZ than that of SWZ and SZ. Besides, the conversion of aniline and selectivity to N,N-diethylaniline over SCWZ reach almost 100% and 73%, respectively. The SCWZ can be renewed for 4 times without rapid deactivation, and the longevity of SCWZ is longer than that of SWZ and SZ, as the loaded SO₄²⁻ and tetragonal ZrO₂ are stabilized by Ce_0.84Zr_0.16O₂ and WO₃, respectively.     

Densification and anticorrosion performances of vacuum evaporated aluminium coatings on NdFeB magnets

Al coated NdFeB magnets obtained by vacuum evaporation technique were densified by high energy ball milling method.The surface morphology,metal composition and micro structure of the coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,respectively.The anticorrosive properties were investigated by potentiodynamic polarization curves and neutral salt spray test.The pores in the Al coatings of columnar crystals(Al) induced by the evaporation technique,were apparently filled in the following ball milling process,leading to the densification of Al coatings and the evident improvement of the anticorrosive performances.When treated with ball milling for 30 min,the sample achieves the best anticorrosive performances with the self-corrosion potential of-0.87 V,self-corrosion current density of 1.65 μA/cm~2 and the neutral salt spray(NSS) time of 144 h(red rust).The improvement of the anticorro sive performances of vacuum evaporated Al coating mainly lies in the densification effect of the coating,which depends on different loading conditions of ball milling process.     

基于光谱分类模型的保险杠物证无损研究

采用中红外光谱结合化学计量学的方法对车用保险杠碎片进行鉴别，分别对52个车用保险杠碎片样本的全波段光谱数据、指纹区光谱数据和主成分分析降维后的光谱数据建立Fisher判别分析和K近邻算法2种分类模型，并对分类结果进行比较。结果表明，主成分分析提取特征变量后构建的分类模型，分类的准确率更高，对聚丙烯（PP）、PP/滑石粉、PP/滑石粉/碳酸钙（CaCO₃）3种类型的样本分类准确率达到92.3 %，对PP/滑石粉类型中的10种品牌样本分类准确率达到88.9 %，分类结果理想；在构建的2种分类模型中，Fisher判别分析模型的分类率远高于K近邻算法模型，分析认为K近邻算法模型受到样本不均衡的影响；中红外光谱结合化学计量学可以实现对车用保险杠碎片的准确区分，且满足快速、无损的检验要求。     

Faraday isolator based on a TSAG single crystal with compensation of thermally induced depolarization inside magnetic field

A Faraday isolator based on a terbium scandium aluminum garnet (TSAG) single crystal with compensation of thermally induced depolarization inside magnetic field was demonstrated. An isolation ratio of 32 dB at 350 W cw laser radiation power was achieved. Thermally induced depolarization and thermal lens were studied and compared with similar thermal effects arising in the widely used terbium gallium garnet crystal (TGG) for the first time.     

面向技术问题的3D打印关键技术专利规避设计方法

在工程实践中,为了解决存在的技术问题,需要对现有产品进行创新设计,针对产品创新设计中普遍存在的专利规避需求,结合TRIZ建立了专利规避设计流程,包括规避问题的提出、规避对象的确定和规避设计;以FDM技术为例,对造成FDM技术成型精度低和打印速度慢的问题进行分析,并结合问题原因,专利检索到了在保证打印精度的前提下提高打印速度的技术方案,通过技术迁移,建立了迁移后的初始模型,并利用TRIZ中的功能裁剪进行了专利规避设计和侵权判定,可为企业及研究机构利用专利信息实施专利规避设计提供参考。     

烧结钕铁硼磁体表面CeO2/硅烷复合涂层的制备及其耐蚀性能

采用浸涂方式在烧结钕铁硼磁体表面制备CeO2/硅烷复合涂层,研究了硅烷水溶液中纳米CeO2颗粒掺杂量对复合涂层性能的影响,通过扫描电镜、能谱分析仪、动电位极化曲线及中性盐雾试验对所制备的CeO2/硅烷复合涂层的形貌、元素分布以及耐腐蚀性能进行分析。结果表明:纳米CeO2颗粒的添加增强了涂层的硬度,提高了硅烷涂层的屏蔽性能,延长了腐蚀溶液渗入硅烷涂层的腐蚀通道,复合涂层耐中性盐雾试验能力可达24 h。但由于纳米颗粒只是机械的镶嵌到复合涂层中,不会改变硅烷涂层在固化过程中醇基之间脱水缩合反应的本质,在NaCl溶液中,复合涂层依然会形成高低不同的交联密度区,CeO2/硅烷复合涂层失效的主要原因依然是在交联密度低的区域首先水解溶解导致的。     

正六棱台上下复合式礼盒成型结构设计

目的为了促进农特产品销售,设计一种正六棱台上下复合式轻便纸质礼盒。方法以传统竹木六棱食盒的盒型结构为设计原型,采用"T-X-T"三维成型方式进行盒型结构设计,通过提手设计和粘贴锁合结构来提高礼盒的便携性。利用SolidWorks软件对盒型结构进行力学模拟分析。结果利用"T-X-T"模式分解主体盒型结构,可以得到准确边缘关系结构图。侧板粘贴成盒过程中,通过增加粘合面积,可以提高盒型抗压强度。在相同纸张用料的情况下,侧板成角的角度对盒型的外尺寸有重要影响。侧板成角的角度设计范围在60°~90°之间;分析得出立体成型后外尺寸计算公式。结论所设计轻便纸盒为正六棱台上下复合式,美观大方。提手设计便携可折叠,反插式锁孔设计提高了盒盖的锁合能力。侧板采用粘贴成盒,提高了盒型抗压强度及堆码性能。     

巴金期刊编辑思想的主体影响溯源

作为著名作家和出色的编辑家、出版家的巴金,在期刊编辑生涯中遇到各色对自己后来期刊编辑思想的形成产生重要影响的人物,这些人物在巴金的期刊编辑思想形成中起到了举足轻重的作用.     

大气压介质阻挡放电降低纯棉织物中甲醛污染

如何降低纯棉织物中的甲醛污染已成为当前的重大研究课题.目前使用的甲醛清除剂虽然对降低纯棉织物中甲醛污染有一定的效果,但都存在各自的缺陷,如使纺织品耐久定型性下降,染色织物经处理后褪色严重等等.为了解决这一问题,寻找一种更加理想的手段,开展了利用大气压下介质阻挡放电技术降低纯棉织物中甲醛污染的研究.通过采取不同的工艺参数,研究了大气压介质阻挡放电技术对纯棉织物中甲醛污染降低的效果;大气压下介质阻挡放电技术降低甲醛污染的物理化学过程.检测方法采取GB/T2912.1-1998<纺织品中甲醛的测定第一部分:游离水解的甲醛(液相萃取法)>.通过实验可以确定,大气压下介质阻挡放电对降低纯棉织物中的甲醛污染有一定的效果.