基于多尺度的贝叶斯模型显著性检测

针对传统基于贝叶斯模型的显著性检测算法存在准确率不理想的问题,提出了一种基于多尺度的贝叶斯模型显著性检测算法。通过超像素分割算法(SLIC)将原图分割成不同尺度的超像素,根据超像素边界信息得到背景种子,进而通过距离计算和多尺度融合得到背景先验;对原图进行颜色增强,采用Harris算子对增强图进行检测角点求得凸包,融合不同尺度下的超像素得到凸包先验;融合背景先验和凸包先验得到最终先验;利用颜色直方图和凸包计算似然概率;将最终先验和似然概率通过贝叶斯模型计算显著图。在公开数据集MSRA1000、ECSSD上与多种传统算法进行准确率和召回率对比,该算法有更好的表现。     

障板上矩形薄板在浅水环境中的振动及声辐射解析分析

通过推导得到浅水环境中矩形板声辐射阻抗矩阵的解析表达,进一步结合振动假设模态方法及辐射表面单元辐射器思想求解浅水环境中矩形板的振动响应,分析水深对矩形板模态附加质量的影响,给出矩形板模态附加质量随水深的变化情况,得到波导模态的激发对附加质量的影响,并通过对辐射抗矩阵的特征分析得到附加质量在板上分布的主要模式;进一步结合声辐射模态辐射效率,分析水深变化对矩形板振动响应峰值及远场声辐射的影响,分析结果表明:水深度变化对振动响应峰值及声辐射功率的影响与第1阶声辐射模态的辐射效率随深度的变化具有一致性。     

基于电-热联合市场出清的综合需求响应建模及策略

随着综合能源系统和多能源市场的发展,传统需求响应已逐渐向综合需求响应的方向转变。在综合需求响应中,用户既可以通过改变用能习惯,又可以通过转换能量来源参与响应,从而实现供需资源协调优化。以冬季居民电能、热能需求为场景,首先基于零售侧能源市场参与主体的机理模型,构建零售侧电-热联合双边竞价能源市场框架。其次,提出电、热负荷参与联合市场的竞价策略,进而建立以最大化能源生产者和消费者剩余为目标的电-热联合市场出清模型;考虑不同负荷的控制模式和运行机理,提出电、热负荷响应市场出清信号的控制策略。最后,通过算例验证了所提方法在实现供需双侧资源协调优化、促进可再生能源消纳以及用户节能方面的积极作用。     

磁阻式旋转变压器极槽配合研究

磁阻式旋转变压器主要用于伺服控制系统中,针对极槽配合方式选择的问题,将信号绕组极对数引入到正弦绕组匝数计算中,推导出磁阻式旋转变压器定子齿数、信号绕组极对数和转子极对数之间的配合关系,并通过有限元仿真和样机试验验证了极槽配合方式的可行性。由极槽配合方法,信号绕组的极对等于转子极同一个定子可以与不同     

水泥土连拱抗滑墙加固软基边坡的应用研究

软基边坡处理中常采用水泥土搅拌桩复合地基。但受水平推力作用时桩体存在弯折效应且施工时易出现劣质层。本文采用水泥土连拱抗滑墙加固软基边坡,采用数值分析的方法建立三维模型,分析加固前后边坡的水平侧移、沉降、应力、边坡稳定性的变化,并深入的分析了连拱抗滑墙抗滑机理。研究表明连拱抗滑墙加固边坡技术具有性能可靠、施工方便的优势,在软基边坡加固领域具有广阔的应用前景。     

Facile synthesis of metal-organic frameworks embedded in interconnected macroporous polymer as a dual acid-base bifunctional catalyst for efficient conversion of cellulose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural

5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), as a key platform compound for the conversion of biomass to various biomass-derived chemicals and biofuels, has been attracted extensive attention. In this research, using Pickering high internal phase emulsions (Pickering HIPEs) as template and functional metal-organic frameworks (MOFs, UiO-66-SO₃H and UiO-66-NH₂)/Tween 85 as co-stabilizers to synthesis the dual acid-base bifunctional macroporous polymer catalyst by one-pot process, which has excellent catalytic activity in the cascade reaction of converting cellulose to 5-HMF. The effects of the emulsion parameters including the amount of surfactant (ranging from 0.5% to 2.0% (mass)), the internal phase volume fraction (ranging from 75% to 90%) and the acid/base Pickering particles mass ratio (ranging from 0:6 to 6:0) on the morphology and catalytic performance of solid catalyst were systematically researched. The results of catalytic experiments suggested that the connected large pore size of catalyst can effectively improve the cellulose conversion, and the synergistic effect of acid and base active sites can effectively improve the 5-HMF yield. The highest 5-HMF yield, about 40.5%, can be obtained by using polymer/MOFs composite as catalyst (Poly-P12, the pore size of (53.3 ±11.3) μm, the acid density of 1.99 mmol·g^-1 and the base density of 1.13 mol·g^-1) under the optimal reaction conditions (130 ℃, 3 h). Herein, the polymer/MOFs composite with open-cell structure was prepared by the Pickering HIPEs templating method, which provided a favorable experimental basis and theoretical reference for achieving efficient production of high added-value product from abundant biomass.     

化学溶液沉积法制备WO3•2H2O薄膜及其电致变色性能

目的研究具有不同微观结构的WO_3·2H_2O薄膜的电致变色性能。方法采用化学溶液沉积法在FTO玻璃上制备WO_3·2H_2O薄膜,通过加入不同的形貌控制剂(柠檬酸或草酸铵),制备不同纳米结构的WO_3·2H_2O薄膜。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析薄膜的成分结构和微观形貌,利用紫外可见光分光光度计对薄膜在波长为200～1000nm范围内的透光性进行研究,并通过电化学工作站对薄膜进行电化学性能分析。结果采用柠檬酸作为形貌控制剂制备的WO_3·2H_2O薄膜的透光性高达82%左右,其在着色和褪色状态的透过率差值为36.2%。通过添加柠檬酸或草酸铵作为形貌控制剂制备的WO_3·2H_2O薄膜均呈现出纳米片状结构,纳米片的厚度分别为5～15 nm和50～60 nm,但是采用柠檬酸制备的WO_3·2H_2O具有较多的间隙和裂缝,使其表现出了较好的电致变色性能。结论具有间隙和裂缝的纳米WO_3·2H_2O薄膜增加了薄膜与电解质的接触面积,减少了离子扩散的路径距离,更小的纳米结构可以提供更多的化学活性位点,从而表现出较好的电致变色性能。     

基于多克隆抗体包被磁性纳米粒子的ELISA法检测西维因

建立一种基于抗体包被氨基化Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子,建立免疫磁珠酶联免疫吸附测定(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)法用于检测氨基甲酸酯农药西维因。结果表明:在最佳条件下,西维因质量浓度在1×10-3~10 mg/L范围内,建立的免疫磁珠ELISA法具有较好的线性关系(y=8.87lnx+72.77,R2=0.994),抑制率最高可达90.6%;测得的半抑制浓度(half maximal inhibitory concentration,IC50)为0.077 mg/L,检出限(IC15)为1.48×10-3 mg/L。以质量浓度1 mg/L的西维因在相同条件下重复检测3次,相对标准偏差为1.67%。以大米和卷心菜为实际样品进行西维因加标回收率实验,通过免疫磁珠ELISA法测得的回收率为70.5%~123.1%,同时采用高效液相色谱法进行相关性验证,结果表明,2种方法检测结果的相关性较好(R2=0.91)。通过一系列分析表明,所建立的抗体包被磁性纳米粒子ELISA法可用于快速检测西维因。     

Synthesis and characterization of ceria quantum dots using effective surfactants

The stable and crystalline phase of different surfactants (CTAB, PEG and SDS) capped CeO₂ nanoparticles were directly synthesized by chemical precipitation method at room temperature. The effects of surfactants on the structural and optical properties of nanoparticles are characterized. The optical properties of the nanoparticles were investigated by UV–visible and PL spectroscopy. The effects of surfactants with observed band shifts are due to quantum confinement effect. The optical band gap values are determined by simple energy wave equation and Tauc plot method. The observed particle sizes are very closer to the Bohr exitonic radius. The emission bands such as violet, blue, green and orange are observed in PL spectra. The PL integrated intensity ratio of the UV emission to the deep-level green emission (I_UV/I_DLE) for CTAB, PEG and SDS capped CeO₂ nanoparticles are observed. The XRD measurement shows that CeO₂ has cubic fluorite structure having the particle size 6–10 nm. The lattice strains were detected by Williamson–Hall plot method. The surface morphology of the nanoparticles is studied by SEM and FESEM analysis. TEM images show that the particles are nearly spherical in shape with diameter of 5–10 nm. Using FTIR spectra, the functional groups of the ceria are identified.     

大豆粗脂肪酸值检测方法的改进

以大豆粗脂肪酸值检测方法为研究对象,对GB/T 14488.1-2008《植物油料含油量测定》与GB/T 5530-2005的标准测定方法进行改进,减少称量步骤、缩短抽提时间,以提高检测效率。试验结果表明:改进后的大豆粗脂肪酸值检测方法在保证检测结果准确性的前提下,可大幅缩短检测时间,提升检测效率。