Reducing treatment zone diameter in orthokeratology and its effect on peripheral ocular refraction

PurposeTo determine whether orthokeratology (OK) induced treatment zone (TZ) diameter can be reduced by altering OK lens design, and if so the impact of modifying TZ diameter on relative peripheral refraction (RPR).Methods16 subjects (mean age 23.4 ± 1.5 years; 8 female) completed the study. Standard (Control) OK lens design (PJ, Capricornia, Australia) or a modified version (Test) where the back optic zone diameter was reduced, and back optic zone asphericity and intermediate lens curves were altered, were worn overnight only for 7-nights in a randomised double masked order, with a minimum 1-week wash out (no lens wear) between lens designs. Full correction of refractive error was targeted. Refraction; best corrected visual acuity (BCVA); RPR (Shin-Nippon NVision-k 5001) along the horizontal and vertical meridians; and corneal topography (Medmont E300) were measured before starting lens wear and in the morning after lens removal after the seventh night of lens wear for both lens designs. TZ diameter and decentration was calculated from corneal topography.ResultsAfter 7-nights of wear both lens designs created -2.00D refraction effect with no significant difference in refractive effect or change to BCVA between the designs. The Test design created a significantly smaller horizontal (4.78 ± 0.37 vs 5.70 ± 0.37 mm, p < 0.001) and vertical (5.09 ± 0.51 vs 5.92 ± 0.51 mm p < 0.001) TZ diameter. The TZ was decentered inferior temporal with no significant difference between designs. There was no significant difference between the lens designs in RPR along the horizontal and vertical meridians at any measurement period.ConclusionsOK induced TZ diameter can be reliably reduced by altering OK lens design without detrimentally effecting lens centration or refractive effect. Reducing TZ diameter did not alter RPR, though measurement artifacts could be responsible for masking an effect. Longitudinal studies are needed to assess whether smaller TZ OK lens designs increase efficacy for slowing progression of myopia.     

褪黑素与胰腺疾病的研究进展

褪黑素是由松果体分泌的一种吲哚胺，在各种生理活动中起着关键作用，包括调节昼夜节律、免疫应答、氧化过程及细胞凋亡。近年来，褪黑素的抗肿瘤特性逐渐引起关注。大量研究发现，褪黑素在急性胰腺炎早期过程中起保护作用，可通过细胞凋亡途径抑制胰腺癌细胞的产生，且可通过自噬作用调节胰腺内分泌激素的合成分泌从而影响胰腺内分泌肿瘤的发展。由此，褪黑素可能影响胰腺疾病的发展，但其对胰腺疾病的作用机理尚未完全明确。本文综述了近几年褪黑素与胰腺疾病的研究进展，分析了褪黑素在胰腺疾病中的作用，以及褪黑素联合化疗药物对胰腺癌的治疗作用。     

幼童用智能示警蚕丝被的研发

针对幼童自我控制能力和抵抗力较弱,易因踢被子引发感冒等疾病这一特定场景,通过将微型传感器植入蚕丝被特定部位中,以蓝牙通信方式广播传感器采集到的温度数据,手机APP读取到数据后,利用踢被温度变化逻辑判断模型进行分析,达到设定的逻辑判定条件后,在手机端发出声音和振动示警,开发出能够对踢被进行识别和示警的蚕丝被新产品。最后,根据检测评价指标与方法对试制产品进行了测试。结果显示:在报警时间阈值大于或等于7 min和踢掉全部被子条件下,报警成功率为100%;报警时间阈值偏差延时小于或等于3 min、正常睡眠过程中无误报警;对部分踢被等特殊情况也有一定辨识度。     

安规测试仪用于塑料制品探伤检测

该文介绍了传统的超声波、渗透和射线等绝缘体探伤方法,分析了它们的优缺点,针对其缺点,提出了用安规测试仪探伤塑料制品的方法。实验中,设置安规测试仪为拉弧停止,试验检测合格品的最高耐受电压,高压扫描塑料制品,筛选出不合格品。其过程简单、高效、快速、准确而且经济适用,可以通过改造测试探头适应不同的塑料制品,能取得不错的检测效果。     

冷却塔内气流流场特性研究及应用

冷却塔是火力发电厂循环水系统的重要设备,冷却塔的冷却效率对机组的微增功率有着比较重要的影响,冷却效率的提高有助于节约发电能耗。冷却塔的效率与其空气动力特性有着紧密的联系,本文以华电集团江苏分公司望亭发电有限公司3号机冷却塔的节能改造为例,研究了冷却塔内气流流场的特性,并阐述了针对该特性采取的技术措施在冷却塔优化改造中的应用实践。     

Comparative in vivo toxicity,organ biodistribution and immune response of pristine,carboxylated and PEGylated few-layer graphene sheets in Swiss albino mice: A three month study

We present a comprehensive 3 month report on the acute and chronic toxicity of intravenously administered (20 mg kg⁻¹) few-layer graphene (FLG) and, its carboxylated (FLG-COOH) and PEGylated (FLG-PEG) derivatives in Swiss albino mice. Whole-animal in vivo tracking studies revealed that irrespective of surface modifications, graphene predominantly accumulated in lungs over a period of 24 h. Histological assessment and ex vivo confocal Raman spectral mapping revealed highest uptake and retention in lung tissue, followed by spleen, liver and kidney, with no accumulation in brain, heart or testis. FLG and FLG-COOH accumulated within organs induced significant cellular and structural damages to lungs, liver, spleen, and kidney, ranging from mild congestion to necrosis, fibrosis and glomerular filtration dysfunction, without appreciable clearance. Serum biochemistry analysis revealed that both FLG and FLG-COOH induced elevated levels of hepatic and renal injury markers. Quantitative RT-PCR studies conducted on 23 critical inflammation and immune response markers showed major alterations in gene expression profile by FLG, FLG-COOH and FLG-PEG treated animals. FLG-PEG in spite of its persistance within liver and spleen tissue for 3 months, did not induce any noticeable toxicity or organ damage, and displayed significant changes in Raman spectra, indicative of their biodegradation potential.     

Recent advances in black-phosphorus-based materials for electrochemical energy storage

Black phosphorus is a potential candidate material for next-generation energy storage devices and has attracted tremendous interest because of its advantageous structural and electrochemical properties, including its large theoretical capacity, high carrier mobility, and low redox potential. However, its practical applicability has remained low owing to its difficult of preparation, large volume expansion during cycling, and poor electronic conductivity. To this end, there have been significant efforts to improve its synthesis methods and electrochemical performance. A number of black-phosphorus-based composite materials have been developed and investigated. Herein, we provide an up-to-date account of the recent progress made in research on black-phosphorus-based materials for use in rechargeable batteries and supercapacitors. We review the available synthesis methods and basic properties of black phosphorus and discuss its applicability in Li-, Na-, K-, Mg-, Al-ion and Li-S batteries as well as supercapacitors. We also summarize the existing challenges and future opportunities and offer our perspective on the possible directions for future research in this area.     

Enriching Context Information for Entity Linking with Web Data

Journal of Computer Science and Technology - Entity linking (EL) is the task of determining the identity of textual entity mentions given a predefined knowledge base (KB). Plenty of existing...     

Diverse bio-sensing and therapeutic applications of plasmon enhanced nanostructures

Substantial advancements have been observed over the years in the research and development of Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR). A variety of current and future applications involving anisotropic plasmonic nanoparticles include biosensors, photothermal therapies, photocatalysis, and various other fields. Amongst various other applications, plasmonic enhancements are deployed in Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) mediated bio-sensing, absorption spectroscopy based analyte quantification, and fluorescence spectroscopy-based biomolecular detection up to femtomolar level and even on the level of single molecules. LSPR based healthcare diagnostics and therapeutics have grown much faster than expected, with an increased number of published original research articles and reviews. Despite the extensive literature available, a comprehensive review with a focused emphasis on recent advances in the field of plasmonic particle anisotropy, plasmonic nanostructure, plasmonic coupling mediated enhanced LSPR intensity and their diverse applications in biosensing is needed. This article focuses on LSPR properties of anisotropic nanostructures like spherical gold nanoparticles (AuNP), gold nanorod (AuNR), gold nanostar (AuNs), gold nanorattles (AuNRT), gold nanoholes (AuNH), dimeric nanostructures and their role in plasmonic enhancements for targeted biosensing and therapeutic research. The contemporary state of the art biosensing development around SERS has also been discussed. A detailed literature analysis of recent development in micro-surgery, photothermal tumor killing, biosensor development for detection up to single molecule level, high-efficiency drug delivery are covered in this article. Furthermore, recent and advanced technologies including Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy (SORS), Surface Enhanced Resonance Raman Spectroscopy (SERRS), and Surface Enhanced Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy (SESORS) are presented citing their importance in biosensing. We complement this review article with relevant theoretical frameworks to understand finer nuances within the literature that is discussed.     

丹参保健酒发酵条件优化

该研究利用丹参和赤砂糖为主要原料进行发酵生产丹参保健酒，以丹参保健酒中的总黄酮与总酚酸含量作为评价指标，通过单因素试验和正交试验对丹参添加量、酵母接种量、发酵初糖度、发酵温度及发酵pH值进行优化。结果表明，丹参保健酒最优工艺条件为：丹参添加量10%、酵母接种量0.015%、发酵液初总糖275 g/L、发酵温度28 ℃、发酵液pH值4。在此优化条件下，丹参保健酒酒精度为12.6%vol，总黄酮含量为506 mg/L、总酚酸含量为354 mg/L。