Cold plasma hydrophilization of soy protein isolate and milk protein concentrate enables manufacturing of surfactant-free water suspensions. Part I: Hydrophilization of food powders using cold plasma

In this study, we found that treatment with cold plasma influenced the wetting properties of soy protein isolate and milk protein concentrate powders. Cold plasma treatment significantly decreased the apparent contact angle of the powders, indicating hydrophilization of the powders. Cold radiofrequency low-pressure plasma treatment had a larger effect on powder wettability than corona atmospheric plasma discharge. In addition, cold plasma treatment had a more noticeable effect on the wettability of the hydrophobic milk protein concentrate than on the inherently hydrophilic soy protein isolate. Both the soy protein isolate and milk protein concentrate demonstrated zero hydrophobic recovery over time. Scanning electron microscopy showed that cold air plasma treatment of food powders caused minor surface oxidation, though these changes were not observed using FTIR spectroscopy. We suggest that cold plasma treatment has important implications for the production of stabilizer-free food suspensions.     

Enhanced dissipation of phenanthrene and pyrene in spiked soils by combined plants cultivation

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), a class of POPs, are widely distributed in the environment. Phytoremediation has long been recognized as a cost-effective method for removal of PAHs pollutants from soil. This study was conducted to investigate the capability of three plant species separately and their combination to promote the degradation of phenanthrene and pyrene in soil. The performance of three plant species, maize, ryegrass and white clover for phenanthrene and pyrene removal was also compared. The result showed that the presence of vegetation significantly enhances the dissipation of phenanthrene and pyrene in the soil environment. This effect was especially marked with maize. At the end of 60 days treatment, phenanthrene and pyrene concentrations in treated soils declined from an initial 52.52 mg kg-1 and 58.19 mg kg-1 to 4.15 mg kg-1 and 6.77 mg kg-1, respectively, indicating that phenanthrene and pyrene was successfully removed by maize. Around 92.10% of phenanthrene and 88.36% of pyrene were removed from soils planted with maize. Within approximately two months experimental period, the dissipation extent showed that the 4-ring pyrene was more recalcitrant than 3-ring phenanthrene. Although the extents did not differ significantly among three tested species, the rates of degradation were different. The maize treatment had the highest rate of contaminant removal after two months, followed by white clover and annual ryegrass. As compare to single plant cultivation, combined plants cultivation significantly enhanced the destruction rate and extent of phenanthrene and pyrene in soils. Around 98.22% of phenanthrene and 95.81% of pyrene were removed from soils planted with maize and ryegrass. This research indicates the potential for phenanthrene and pyrene mineralization in combined plants cultivation, which may be especially useful for phytoremediation of soils contaminated with PAHs.     

强化生物脱氮分步进水型序批式反应器

介绍了分步进水型序批式反应器（SFSBR）工艺的运行方式、工艺特点、关键参数和研究进展，并分析了该工艺的应用前景。与传统SBR工艺相比，SFSBR反应阶段包含多个缺氧／厌氧-好氧子循环，并在各缺氧阶段始端进水，使进水中的有机物作为反硝化细菌碳源转化前一好氧阶段产生的硝态氮，提高了反硝化碳源补给率，强化了整个系统的生物脱氮能力。SFSBR工艺不仅适用于新建污水处理厂，而且适用于传统SBR工艺的改造和功能扩展，在实际工程中的推广应用可操作性强。     

Milling fractions fatty acid composition of common (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) and tartary (Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn) buckwheat

The objective of the present study was to determine the composition of fatty acids in the whole grain, hulls, bran and the light flour of common (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) and Tartary (Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn) buckwheat harvested in two consecutive years. Fatty acid composition for different milling fractions was determined as methyl esters using gas chromatography. Nine fatty acids were determined: lauric (12:0), myristic (14:0), palmitic (16:0), palmitoleic (16:1), stearic (18:0), oleic (C18:1; n-9), linoleic (C18:2; n-6), α-linolenic (C18:3; n-3) and arachidic (20:0) acid. The highest relative content was determined for linoleic acid (from 35.54 to 47.57%), followed by oleic acid (from 20.96 to 40.76%) and palmitic acid (from 13.86 to 26.42%). The total fatty acid content was the highest in bran (up to 62.64 g/kg), followed by whole grains (up to 22.93 g/kg), light flour (up to 9.69 g/kg) and hulls (up to 5.87 g/kg). Saturated fatty acid content was the highest in the hulls and the lowest in the bran. Polyunsaturated fatty acid content was the highest in light flour. High positive correlations were found between saturated fatty acids with 18 carbon atoms or less.     

泰和乌鸡黑色素提取工艺的研究

研究江西泰和乌鸡黑色素的酶法和盐酸提取工艺。用单因素试验和正交试验分别确定蛋白酶和盐酸提取乌鸡黑色素的最佳工艺条件,并对两种方法提取的黑色素得率、抗自由基性能、对光和热的稳定性等方面进行比较。结果表明,蛋白酶提取乌鸡黑色素的最佳工艺:采用木瓜蛋白酶提取,pH 6.0,温度65℃,料液比1∶2(m∶V),酶底比为1∶25(m∶m),时间4h;盐酸提取乌鸡黑色素的最佳工艺条件:料液比1∶4(m∶V),回流温度95℃,提取时间2h;酶法提取黑色素量大于盐酸提取,酶法提取的乌鸡黑色素抗自由基性能和对热的稳定性高于盐酸提取。说明蛋白酶法优于盐酸法,酶法提取的黑色素产量高,性质稳定。     

Identification of Broken Rice Kernels Using Image Analysis Techniques Combined with Velocity Representation Method

The percentage of whole kernels remaining after milling is one of the most important physical characteristics of rice quality. A method based on flatbed scanning and image analysis was developed for the identification of broken rice kernels. Velocity representation method was developed for pattern recognition based on the contour characteristics of the rice kernels. The similarity of the boundary features of the image of rice kernel was measured by similarity coefficient, which was used to identify the broken rice kernel by comparing with threshold. High recognition rates for three rice varieties were reached by this method with 96.7% for Thailand rice, 98.73% for Pearl rice, and 97.14% for Changlixiang rice, respectively, and the recognition rate could be improved by the adjustment of the similarity coefficient threshold. Because the comprehensive boundary features were the basis for the classification, this method could be more accurate compared to other methods using the single dimension feature.     

The impact of urbanization policy on land use change: A scenario analysis

The rapid urbanization has led to extensive land use change particularly in those developing countries. In line with the development of urbanization, arable land is decreasing dramatically, which presents the threat to the food security for human being. It is therefore essential to understand the level of impacts of urbanization on the land use change. This paper introduces a dynamic systems based method for assessing the impacts of urbanization policy on land use change with reference to the urbanization practice in China. Four typical policy scenarios are identified in implementing urbanization in China, including balanced development driven by planning, uneven development driven by planning, balanced development driven by market and uneven development driven by market and their impacts on land use change are analyzed through a dynamic system model. Land use change is considered as a dynamic system model composing five subsystems: urbanization, social, economic, environmental and land use subsystems. The key attributes in these five subsystems are interactive and they are dynamic variables. The assessment on the impacts of urbanization policy to land use change is demonstrated through employing the software iThink to the land use change dynamic model, using the data collected from the Jinyun County in China. The findings suggest that the urban construction land will continue to increase in the foreseeable future in China, whilst the agricultural land will gradually decrease. Nevertheless, different policy scenarios will have different impacts on these land changes. Thus decision makers can adopt different policies to control the rate of land use change.     

Key Assessment Indicators for the Sustainability of Infrastructure Projects

Infrastructure projects have major effects on implementing the principles of sustainable development. Infrastructure projects will continue to be developed in the coming years, particularly in developing countries such as China and India; therefore, it is important to find methods and solutions for improving the sustainability of them. Although existing studies have suggested various methods for practicing sustainable development principles in the process of implementing infrastructure projects, effective assessment indicators are unavailable, which presents a barrier to the effective assessment of infrastructure project sustainability. This study introduces key assessment indicators (KAIs) for assessing the sustainability performance of an infrastructure project. The research data used for analysis were collected from a questionnaire survey given to three groups of experts, including government officials, professionals, and clients in the Chinese construction industry. The fuzzy set theory was used to establish KAIs. A procedure for using the KAIs is demonstrated by a case study. These research findings provide an alternative solution to appraise the sustainability of infrastructure projects.     

润滑油黏度可见/近红外光谱快速无损检测方法

 提出了一种应用可见/近红外光谱技术进行汽车润滑油黏度快速无损检测的新方法。对150个润滑油样本进行光谱扫描和平滑、变量标准化等预处理,比较了不同建模方法的检测精度。采用主成分分析法(PCA)和连续投影算法(SPA) 2种方法提取的特征变量作为模型输入变量,分别建立了偏最小二乘模型(PLS)、多元线性回归模型(MLR)和人工神经网络模型(BPNN)。结果表明,PCA-BPNN和SPA-BPNN模型的预测效果远优于其它模型(PCA-PLS、PCA-MLR、SPA-PLS和SPA-MLR),预测相关系数(r)分别为0.971和0.964。表明BPNN模型可以很好地利用光谱数据中的非线性信息,同时也表明SPA是一种有效的特征波长提取方法,选取的特征波长有利于汽车润滑油黏度快速检测仪器的开发。     

水性防锈涂料的开发及在水利工程上的应用

以改性纳米硅为核心,以甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸丁酯、苯乙烯、丙烯酸羟乙酯为主单体,聚氨酯预聚体为辅助单体,硅烷偶联剂为交联单体合成水性防锈乳液。以该乳液为树脂辅以自制的磷酸酯制作的涂料应用于水利工程的防锈,这种涂料使用方便,对涂装环境要求不苛刻,不怕涂装物表面有水和带锈,起效时间快甚至能在短暂的退水期间涂装。涂膜具有坚韧性、化学稳定性、耐水性和隔水性等优异的防腐蚀性能。是水利、海洋、港口、交通车辆和船舶等工程上使用的理想防锈涂料。