饱和块状混合回填土地基的一维固结分析

用块状渣土置换软弱地基和回填低洼谷地等是处置工程渣土的有效途径。为了分析饱和块状混合回填土地基的固结性状，运用混合物理论建立了其一维固结模型。首先，假定块状土固相和充填土固相之间满足等应变条件，获得了饱和块状混合回填土中各相应变与块状土孔隙变形和充填土孔隙变形的关系式。其次，在小应变条件下，根据自由能势函数方程建立了饱和块状混合回填土的一维线弹性本构方程，再结合达西定律和应力平衡方程获得了一维固结控制方程。再次，利用分离变量法得到一维固结解析解，通过退化本文模型与已有模型进行对比，验证了本文模型的正确性。最后，基于所得解析解，分析了充填土孔隙渗透系数、块状土孔隙渗透系数以及流体交换参数等因素对饱和块状混合回填土地基固结性状的影响。分析结果表明：充填土孔隙渗透系数对饱和块状混合回填土地基整体固结性状起主导作用；在固结初期，块状土超孔压会有一定程度的上升，且3个参数具有相似的作用机理。     

Oceanic-Atmospheric Variability Influences on Baseflows in the Continental United States

Water Resources Management - Baseflows are one of the important components of streamflows and the influences of climate change and variability on changes in baseflows in space and time can aid in...     

The prevalence of asthma and severe asthma in children influenced by transportation factors: Evidence from spatial analysis in Seoul,Korea

Although the causes of asthma are inconclusive, it is fairly known that exposure to outdoor air pollutants can cause asthma, especially children's asthma morbidity. Whereas transportation is one of the major sectors that generate air pollutants, previous research that investigates the correlation between transportation and asthma narrowly focuses on the contribution of automobile traffic to children's asthma. Developing three spatial regression models (a spatial lag (SL) model, a spatial error (SE) model, and a general spatial (SAC) model), this paper investigates the roles of a variety of transportation factors in two distinct stages of children's asthma morbidity; asthma and severe asthma. With consideration to asthma-related socio-economic factors in the City of Seoul, the SE (R² = 0.31) and SAC (R² = 0.34) models consistently indicate that three out of four transportation factors associate with children's severe asthma at statistically significant level. They include the negative influence of bus transit and dense intersections, and the positive influence of active transportation activities on children's asthma severity. Interestingly, however, no significant contribution of transportation factors to children's asthma morbidity was identified by the SE (R² = 0.29) and SAC (R² = 0.28) models. Shedding more light on the complexity of children's asthma morbidity and severity, this paper proposes collaborative partnerships not only among multi- dimensional agencies, but also among multi-level government organizations.     

3D printing and controlled release of functional ripening surimi improved by nano starch-xylo-oligosaccharides: Chemical bonds and microstructure influences

To solve the problem of fast release, unsustainability of functional compounds in 3D printed surimi, nano scale of rice starch-xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) was prepared. Meanwhile, its characteristics and printing effects on surimi were determined. Results shown that the nano rice starch and XOS with ratio of 1:2.5 had good characteristics (particle size 444 nm, embedding rate 86%, stable particle size with Na⁺ and heating process). Moreover, it endowed surimi with antioxidant ability and prolonged the release of XOS in surimi during in vitro digestion, which might keep it for continuous release. Additionally, nano starch-XOS increased ionic bonds and hydrogen bonds by 78% and 58% respectively to enhance gel strength, texture of surimi. As well as it also could fill up gel network gaps to form denser structure, which increased self-supporting ability to improve printing effects. While excessive XOS (>1%) could wrap protein to inhibit gel formation to produce burs and pores of printed surimi-XOS, leading to the pores enlargement and collapse due to the enhancement of hydrophobic force and disulfide bonds after ripening. However, nano starch could aggregate XOS to delay the occurrence of collapse (>2% XOS content). Thus, nano starch-XOS could promote the application of functional surimi in 3D printing.     

The relationship between centrality and land use patterns: Empirical evidence from five Chinese metropolises

The relationship between location and land use patterns is one of the classic theoretical issues in urban studies. Classic models based on the monocentricity hypothesis have limitations in the interpretation of modern urban structure. China has experienced institutional transformation in recent decades, and the interaction of national government policy, market forces and the natural environment has influenced urban planning in Chinese metropolises, resulting in urban structures with special characteristics. This paper examines the distribution of location and land use intensity, and tested the Alonso model by the relationship between them in five Chinese metropolises using Point of Interest data, space syntax methodology, the grid weighted statistical method and the Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model. Universal patterns about the scaling relation between intensity of land use types and the centrality of location are revealed. The elasticity of land use types to location, from high to low sensitivity, is commercial, residential then industrial land in most of the five metropolises studied. The sensitivity sequence of land use studied suggests that the hypothetical model based on the classical Alonso model can explain the spatial structure of modern metropolises in China to some extent, especially for the commercial land. But the order of sensitivity of residential land and industrial land to location does not conform to the model. The spatial heterogeneity in land use intensity and centrality were explored and the factors embedded were discussed. It can be found that the relation between centrality and land use intensity conforms to power law. In most of the metropolises studied, when the scaling relation between land use intensity and centrality is super linear, the sequence of the frequency value from high to low are commercial, residential and industrial land; when the scaling relation is sublinear, the sequence of the frequency value is industrial, residential and commercial land.     

复合酶法提取黄秋葵可溶性膳食纤维的工艺优化及其理化特性、结构表征

以黄秋葵果荚为原料,采用复合酶法提取可溶性膳食纤维(soluble dietary fiber,SDF),通过单因素实验,探究不同因素对黄秋葵SDF得率的影响。在单因素实验的基础上进行响应面分析,得到复合酶法制备黄秋葵SDF的最优条件;并测定所得黄秋葵SDF的理化特性,并对其进行结构表征。结果表明:在料液比1:24 g/mL、复合酶添加量1.8%、酶解时间54 min、酶解温度62℃的提取条件下,黄秋葵SDF得率达到最大值,为10.94%,与预测值之间的相对误差为1.48%。黄秋葵SDF的持水力、膨胀力和持油力分别为5.61 g/g、3.35 mL/g和4.88 g/g,良好的理化特性使其具有成为通便保健食品原料的潜力。黄秋葵SDF的微观结构显示,经过酶的作用,黄秋葵SDF表面的淀粉类物质被充分除去;黄秋葵SDF的晶体结构符合纤维素I晶型的特征,其红外光谱图线符合膳食纤维类物质的典型特征。     

The paradox of technology innovativeness and risk perceptions – A profile of Asian smartphone users

Risk perceptions and technology innovativeness are the two primary factors related to the adoption of mobile technologies. The current study examines the role of technology innovativeness and risk perceptions on smartphone use and dependence in an Asian context. A total of 9086 participants were recruited through online surveys from ten Asian countries. Ordinary least squares regression analyses revealed the effects of technology innovativeness, information security, privacy concern, and their interactions on smartphone use and dependence. Moreover, based on users’ smartphone usage patterns and perceptions, this paper identified four homogeneous groups using cluster analysis. Results shows that Asian smartphone users can be segmented into four groups: innovators, conservatives, moderators, and laggards. The four clusters show significant differences in demographic features. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed based on these findings.     

Effects of plasma-activated water on microbial growth and storage quality of fresh-cut apple

Fresh-cut ‘Fuji’ apples were immersed for 5 min in plasma-activated water (PAW) generated, by plasma generated with sinusoidal voltages at 7.0 kHz with amplitudes of 6 kV, 8 kV, and 10 kV, designated PAW-6, PAW-8, and PAW-10, respectively. The control group was soaked in distilled water for 5 min instead of PAW. The results indicated that the growth of bacteria, molds, and yeasts was inhibited by PAW treatments during storage at 4 ± 1 °C, especially the microbial inactivation with PAW-8, which was the most efficient. PAW-8 reduced the microbial counts by 1.05 log₁₀CFU g⁻¹, 0.64 log₁₀CFU g⁻¹, 1.04 log₁₀CFU g⁻¹ and 0.86 log₁₀CFU g⁻¹ for aerobic bacteria (aerobic plate counts), molds, yeasts and coliforms on day 12, respectively. In addition, the bacterial counts of fresh-cut apples treated with PAW were <5 log₁₀CFU g⁻¹, which did not exceed to the existing China Shanghai local standard (DB 31/2012–2013) during 12 days of storage. PAW treatments reduced superficial browning of fresh-cut apples without affecting their firmness and titratable acidity. In addition, no significant change was observed in antioxidant content and radical scavenging activity between the PAW-treated and control groups. It is suggested that PAW is a promising method for preservation of fresh-cut fruits and vegetables, which is usually beneficial to the quality maintenance of fresh-cut fruits and vegetables during storage.     

Nuclear regulation of mitochondrial functions during oocyte development

Mitochondria are important in eukaryotic cells due to their functions in energy production and regulation over other cellular activities. Oocytes are produced by a long and precisely controlled process, the dysfunction of which leads to impaired female fertility. As oocytes mature, mitochondria are constantly under the regulation of nuclear genes, the process of which can be modulated by extracellular signals. Understanding how nuclear genes regulate mitochondrial functions is important for studying animal reproduction and human fertility. As more and more genes regulating mitochondrial functions in oocytes are being revealed, new approaches for improving female fertility in both human and animals through mitochondria can be developed.     

应用于羊肉脱膻的三种发酵剂筛选及发酵特性研究

为筛选出适合发酵羊肉制品的优质发酵剂，对肉葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus carnosus）、植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）和戊糖片球菌（Pedicoccuspentosaceus）的发酵特性进行研究，通过耐盐、耐亚硝酸盐、产酸能力、蛋白质和脂肪分解能力、膻味脂肪酸降解能力、抑菌能力、菌种间拮抗作用等试验对其筛选。结果表明，三株菌对食盐和亚硝酸盐具有较好的耐受性，能在6%的食盐溶液和150 mg/L亚硝酸盐溶液中存活，具有一定产酸能力，除植物乳杆菌无脂肪酶活性，其他两株菌具有蛋白质和脂肪降解能力，膻味脂肪酸降解率可达60%～80%，能抑制病原微生物的生长，且三株菌间无拮抗作用，对羊肉制品的风味和品质无负面影响。因此肉葡萄球菌、植物乳杆菌和戊糖片球菌可进一步应用于发酵羊肉制品的生产和开发。