A state-of-the-art review on the elaboration of fish gelatin as bioactive packaging: Special emphasis on nanotechnology-based approaches

BackgroundThe last decade has noticed the expansion of green materials, which aims to reduce the human impact on the environment. Green polymers are clearly tendency subdivision of this stream and numerous bio-sourced plastics have been developed. Recent research has further focused on the development of new bio-based materials such as edible/biodegradable films for food products.Scope and approachFish gelatin (FG), a protein with recreatable reserve, biodegradability, and processability, has a remarkable potential in bio-packaging. However, there have been noticeable issues concerning the use of FG as packing material, including its low mechanical strength, poor moisture stability, and poor water barrier properties. This paper aims to review the state-of-the-art in development of FG-based films and highlights how they play a crucial role in modifying the properties of such films. Various types of nanofillers that have been included into FG to fabricate bio-nanocomposite films, such as nanoclays (montmorillonite, sepiolite), polysaccharide nanofillers (nanowhiskers/nanofibers), metal ions (silver, copper) and metal oxides nanoparticles (ZnO, TiO₂) are reviewed.Key findings and conclusionsCross-linking is a promising technique to improve the performance and applicability of FG-based biomaterials, particularly respecting their water sensitivity, which hinders many of their potential uses as food contact materials. Bio-nanocomposite technology may help to make high-performance materials with extra bio-functional properties, and it is anticipated to be a dynamic research in the future. In general, more research is required to ameliorate application processes of FG films, especially physical aspects, to be suitable for bio-packaging application.     

Ultrasmall rhodium nanoclusters anchored on nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes with embedded nickel nanoparticles as magnetically recyclable catalysts for efficient ammonia-borane hydrolysis

Facile yet efficient synthesis of high-performance nanocatalysts for hydrogen evolution from ammonia-borane (AB) hydrolysis is paramount. Here, we reported a novel hybrid nanocatalyst comprised of Rh nanoclusters (1.56 nm in diameters) anchored on nitrogen (N)-doped carbon nanotubes with embedded Ni nanoparticles (Ni@NCNTs), which was fabricated through adsorption of Rh ions on Ni@NCNTs. The achieved hybrid of Rh/Ni@NCNTs displayed excellent catalytic property (Turnover frequency: 959 min⁻¹) toward AB hydrolysis, higher than many prior developed Rh-based catalysts. Note that this hybrid could be reused for at least nine runs with complete AB conversion to hydrogen. Rh nanoclusters with small size exhibiting high atom utilization and the synergetic effect between Ni and Rh are responsible for the excellent catalytic property of Rh/Ni@NCNTs toward AB hydrolysis. This work highlights the importance of utilization of magnetically recyclable Ni@NCNTs as support and synergetic component for efficient hydrolysis of AB.     

Lipase Catalyzed Synthesis of Medium-chain Biodiesel from Cinnamonum camphora Seed Oil

The non-edible camphor tree seed oil was extracted and catalyzed by immobilized lipase for biodiesel production. The oil yield from camphor tree seeds reached 35.2% of seed weight by twice microwave-assisted extractions. Gas chromatography showed that free fatty acid content in camphor tree seed oil was 1.88%, and the main fatty acids were capric acid (53.4%) and lauric acid (38.7%). With immobilized lipase Candida sp. 99–125 as catalyst, several important factors for reaction conditions were examined through orthogonal experiments. The optimum conditions were obtained: water content and enzyme loading were both 15% with a molar ratio of 1:3.5 (oil/ethanol), and the process of alcoholysis was in nine steps at 40 °C for 24 h, with agitation at 170 r·min^− 1. As a result, the medium-chain biodiesel yield was 93.5%. The immobilized lipase was stable when it was used repeatedly for 210 h.     

双曲面网架轻钢屋盖围护结构设计简化计算方法的应用

针对南部沿海地区大跨度双曲面网架屋面抗台风的结构设计,择定风压、荷载、体型系数的计算取值,提出相应的简化计算方法。代表工程交验后,经多年实用及复测证明效果良好,荣获二等设计奖励,具有应用价值和推广意义。     

论电子产品测试管理体系的建立与实施

主要论述电子产品质量检测监控体系的策划、制订、实施、验证以及体系改进全过程.通过对电子产品的质量特性分析,合理规划监控体系,并根据具体的产品发布时机,选择适当的、充分的测试项目及指标.系统、全面地策划了电子产品质量检测监控活动,包括测试计划的制定,测试活动的实施,测试问题及测试结果的分析,参考历史数据对测试结果及产品质...     

论灯具IP等级测试的要求与实施

灯具IP等级测试是其安全测试的重要项目之一,结合GB 7000.1-2007《灯具第1部分：一般要求与试验》和GB 4208-2008《外壳防护等级（IP代码）》以及GB 7000其他部分标准的相关要求,论述了灯具IP等级测试的方法和控制要点。     

现代卫浴陶瓷模具加工技术

介绍了传统的陶瓷模具与陶瓷产品生产过程,对传统的陶瓷模具加工技术与现代卫浴陶瓷模具加工技术进行了对比,通过对比体现了现代卫浴陶瓷模具加工技术的优越性。实现了卫浴陶瓷模具机械化、自动化生产,提高了生产效率和产品质量。     

助燃剂对卷烟纸及卷烟烟气的影响研究

通过在卷烟纸上添加柠檬酸的钾、钠、镁和锌盐,采用透气度检测、同步热分析和卷烟烟气检测3种方法,研究卷烟纸助燃剂对卷烟纸和卷烟烟气的影响。结果表明:①4种柠檬酸盐在热态下能够提高卷烟纸的透气度,其中钾盐和钠盐提高的幅度较大;②在卷烟纸热解时,4种金属元素能够降低纤维素的热解活化能,其中钾和钠元素的催化作用较为明显;③在4种柠檬酸盐中,钾盐降焦和降CO的作用最为显著。     

别墅区室外管网工程施工管理探讨——以厦门某别墅区为例

室外管网施工作为工程结束前最重要的一部分,工序安排、交叉施工和协调事项等等都是工程施工能否顺利进行的影响因素。本文以厦门某别墅区室外管网工程施工为例,针对室外管网工程施工特点,总结多年的施工组织管理经验,探讨如何对别墅区室外管网工程进行有效的施工管理。     

控制紫外波长合成维生素D3的研究

在合成维生素D3的过程中有多种光异构化产物．光异构产物取决于激发的紫外波长。束用一步光异构法。加入两种滤光液窄化禹压汞灯紫外波长在270hm-320hm．授维生素D3的转化率达到67％。