Electrodeposited NiMoP catalysts on carbon felt for hydrogenation of indigo during electrocatalytically splitting water

Electrochemical hydrogenation is an environmentally favorable alternative to chemical reduction of indigo because it performs under ambient conditions using water as the donor of hydrogen. The purpose of this work is to fabricate electrocatalysts with high activity and durability for electrocatalytic hydrogenation of indigo. This work compares the performances of a series of Ni based catalysts (Ni, NiMo, NiP and NiMoP) on the substrate of carbon felt (CF) for electrolyzing water. Both the overpotential and Tafel slop are decreased as a function of the components as Ni > NiMo > NiP > NiMoP. Hence, NiMoP/CF shows the excellent performance based on the thermodynamics (η₁₀ = 239 mV) and kinetics (Tafel slope = 89.7 mV·dec^?1) for splitting water. Further, the electrode of NiMoP/CF was used for the electrocatalytic hydrogenation of indigo. The conversion efficiency and Faradic efficiency can be improved as 26.2% and 10.7% respectively. Furthermore, the dyeing behavior of the electrohydrogenated indigo is similar to that of conventional reduction methods. Thus, the present work offers foundational results and paves the way for the design of new catalytic materials for the reduction of vat dyes.     

Effect of preparation method on physicochemical properties and catalytic performances of LaCoO_3 perovskite for CO oxidation

Perovskite oxides LaCoO_3 prepared by templating, co-precipitation and sol-gel method with different complexants were systematically characterized and its catalytic performances for CO oxidation were investigated. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry analysis and differential scanning calorimetry, N_2 physisorption, transmission electron microscopy, temperature program reduction of hydrogen, temperature program desorption of oxygen and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement, results of which show that the properties of LaCoO_3, such as surface morphology, surface area, surface compositions, redox capability, oxygen vacancy, as well as the calcination temperature and formation mechanism, depend intimately on the preparation method. Catalytic tests indicate that the sample prepared by carbon templating method shows the best activity for CO oxidation, with full CO conversion obtained at 135 ℃. In particular, the catalyst can be activated and significant increase of activity can be obtained with the increase of reaction time. The cyclic and longterm stability of catalysts were discussed and compared.     

两台竹浆碱回收锅炉NOx、SO2排放的探讨

根据两台竹浆碱回收锅炉的实际运行情况,对其结构与运行对污染物排放的影响进行了比较、分析。     

原子层沉积技术对纤维素膜功能化的影响

为扩大纤维素膜的使用范围,使其可应用于医用、建筑等领域,利用纳米氧化锌具有紫外线屏蔽、抗菌等特性,采用原子层沉积(ALD)技术在纤维素膜表面沉积纳米氧化锌,制备具有紫外线阻隔以及抗菌功能的纤维素膜,并探讨不同ALD温度和循环次数对纤维素膜性能的影响。借助紫外分光光度计、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、热重分析仪等对纤维素膜的结构和性能进行分析。结果表明:随着ALD温度和循环次数的增加,纤维素膜的紫外线透过率由74.50%下降至1.46%; ALD功能化纤维素膜对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率高达99.9%;经改性的纤维素膜表面附着了六方晶系纤锌矿结构的纳米氧化锌层,残碳率由16.61%增加至31.20%。     

Amide-containing segmented copolymers

This review highlights the synthesis, physical properties, and emerging technologies of state-of-the-art segmented copolymers containing amide hydrogen bonding sites. Amide hydrogen bonding plays a crucial role in the physical properties associated with amide-containing segmented copolymers. Amide hard segments are accessible in many different forms from amorphous alkyl amides to crystalline aramids and greatly influence copolymer morphology and mechanical properties. Variations in copolymer structure allow for the fine tuning of physical properties and the ability to predict mechanical performance based upon structural modifications. This review includes various synthetic methods for producing well-defined amide-containing segmented copolymers as well as common applications. Also, the morphological and mechanical properties associated with modifications in copolymer structure are discussed.     

Facile and efficient synthesis of magnetic fluorescent nanocomposites based on carbon nanotubes

Multifunctional nanomaterials composed of magnetic and fluorescent nanoparticles have been one of the most extensive pursuits because of the potential application in bio-research. In this paper, we demonstrated an efficient method by coupling CdSe/CdS/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) with Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles(MNPs) while functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes (f-MWCNTs) were used as matrix to synthesize a kind of magnetic fluorescent nanocomposite. Compared with other matrix materials, carbon nanotubes have the advantages of high surface areas and good biocompatibility. The incorporation of f-MWCNTs supplies plenty of nucleation sites for the preferential growth of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, avoiding the agglomeration phenomenon of Fe₃O₄ MNPs in traditional co-precipitation method. Moreover, the un-reacted functional groups of f-MCNTs can further adsorb biological species and drugs, averting the decline of fluorescent intensity caused by the modification of biological species and drugs. The synthetic product maintains the unique properties of rapid magnetic response and efficient fluorescence, which shows a broad application prospect in fluorescent labeling, biological imaging, cell tracking and drug delivery.     

The formation of fibrous structure of polyamide 6 induced by the three-step forming process and its prominent reinforcement in nitrile rubber

Nitrile rubber (NBR) blends with excellent performance have always been a hot research topic in petroleum field. Due to the excellent performance and compatibility of polyamide 6 (PA6), it provides an opportunity for the preparation of high-performance NBR/PA6 blends. In this article, NBR/PA6 blends were prepared by the three-step molding process. Experimentally, it was found that PA6 has a prominent reinforcement effect in NBR matrix. The variation of this mechanical property was investigated from different aspects of the crystal structure, crystallinities, phase morphology, and so on. It can be cleared that the formation of fibrous structure of PA6 phase is the main factor for reinforcement of the polymer blends. Meanwhile, the formation mechanism of the special phase structure induced by the three-step process is deeply expounded and its structural evolution schematic is established. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47472.     

克氏原螯虾不同可食部位风味成分分析

以克氏原螯虾为研究对象，分别测定克氏原螯虾熟制前后基本营养成分、可食组织得率的变化，运用电子鼻、固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用、气相色谱-离子迁移谱（gas chromatography ion mobility spectrometry，GC-IMS）等技术结合游离氨基酸含量研究克氏原螯虾不同可食部位风味成分的变化。结果表明：克氏原螯虾的重要可食部位是尾肉与肝胰腺，且含有大量蛋白质与脂肪；其中克氏原螯虾肝胰腺熟制前后气味差异远大于尾肉熟制前后气味差异；熟制前后克氏原螯虾尾肉和肝胰腺中共检出59 种挥发性物质，结合GC-IMS分析可知，虾肉熟制后出现新的风味物质，并且一些原有物质（乙酸乙酯、丁酸甲酯和3-辛酮等）含量升高，肝胰腺熟制后挥发性有机物种类（醛类、酮类以及少量醇类和呋喃等物质）减少，含量大部分降低，也有少量物质（乙醇、丙醛、丁醛和戊醛等）含量升高；克氏原螯虾肝胰腺熟制后游离氨基酸总量明显升高，达119.63 mg/g，而尾肉熟制前后游离氨基酸总量相比肝胰腺熟制前后变化较小，但含量很高，达237.51 mg/g。     

Comparative study of zein- and gluten-based wood adhesives containing cellulose nanofibers and crosslinking agent for improved bond strength

Many of the currently used wood adhesives contain chemicals that are harmful to human health and the environment. Increasing environmental and human health concerns have made the development of safe biobased adhesives a priority. In this study, two plant proteins, i.e., zein and wheat gluten, were used to develop wood adhesives and their performance was compared through simple lap shear tests and plywood flexural/internal bond tests in dry and wet conditions. To increase their bond strength, cellulose nanofibers were added to create nanocomposite adhesives and glutaraldehyde was also used to crosslink the proteins. Single-lap shear test was performed to measure the bond strength of different adhesive formulations and determine the optimal formulations and processing conditions. Fractured bond surfaces were studied using optical observation and scanning electron microscopy to determine bond failure mechanisms. Thermal and chemical properties of the adhesives were evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, respectively. The bond strength of both zein and gluten adhesives was significantly increased by the addition of the cellulose nanofibers and/or glutaraldehyde, although the two adhesives responded differently to the two reinforcement materials due to the different solvents used to prepare the adhesives. The bond failure mode changed from cohesive failure of the adhesive to structural failure of the adherent for the gluten adhesive containing CNFs and glutaraldehyde. Potential zein and gluten adhesive formulations were used to produce plywood samples and their performance was assessed under different conditions. The formulations with industrial potential were discovered through this study.     

Preparation and characterization of novel addition cured polydimethylsiloxane nanocomposites using nano‐silica sol as reinforcing filler

A series of novel addition cured polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) nanocomposites with various amounts of nano‐silica sol were prepared via hydrosilylation for the first time. The influence of various amounts of nano‐silica sol on the morphology, thermal behavior, mechanical and optical properties of these PDMS nanocomposites was studied in detail. It was found that with an increment in the amount of nano‐silica sol the reinforcing effect of the nano‐silica sol on the thermal and mechanical properties of the PDMS nanocomposites was very noticeable compared with the reference material. The prominent improvements in resistance to thermal degradation and mechanical properties can probably be attributed to the strong interaction of PDMS chains and uniformly dispersed particles resulting from the nano‐silica sol. However, the transparency of the PDMS nanocomposites slightly decreased with an increment in weight fraction of nano‐silica, compared with that of PDMS composite without nano‐silica (Sol‐0), which can probably be ascribed to an increasing size of the aggregated particles in the PDMS nanocomposites. The optimum amount of nano‐silica sol for preparing novel addition curing PDMS nanocomposites was about 15 wt%. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry