Coupled steering control of a low torsional torque capsule robot in the intestine

In order to avoid the distortion dangers to the colon, caused by spiral-type capsule robot, a Low Torsional Torque Capsule Robot (LTTCR) is developed, capable of non-contact steering swimming motion in a tortuous pipe, filled with silicone oil. Due to the non-contact and suspension state of motion, the robot is isolated from the colon and inner pipe wall, achieving low torsional effect on the intestines. Based on the coupling principle of magnetic field, a spatial magnetic torque model is derived, while a method for detecting the critical coupling magnetic torque, in tortuous environment, is proposed. The fluid resistance torque in straight and tortuous pipes is studied, deriving the scope of stable steering. Simulation and experimental results have shown that higher commutation and slip angles are beneficial to robot steering, and the swimming speed of LTTCR is higher and the twist impact on the colon, during the steering process, is lower. The LTTCR has a promising prospect in non-invasive examination applications in the sectors of diagnosis and treatment, inside the human body.     

Effects of Agaricus bisporus on gel properties of chicken myofibrillar protein

The gel-forming ability of myofibrillar protein (MP) is highly correlated with the characteristics of emulsified meat products. Incorporation of Agaricus bisporus (Ab) powder into MP gels may enhance its gel properties to facilitate the development of a novel and safe meat product. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of Ab powder on gel strength, water holding capacity (WHC), texture, rheological behaviour, LF-NMR spin–spin relaxation (T₂), microstructure and protein secondary structure of the MP gel system. The results indicated that the gel strength, WHC, G' value and G" value were significantly improved when the addition of Ab powder increased from 0% to 6% (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the T₂ relaxation time was shortened, and free water was transformed into immobilised water. The texture of the gel was improved when 1%–4% Ab powder was added compared to the control. Furthermore, Ab filled in the gel network and promoted the unfolding of MP α-helix and the formation of MP β-sheet during the thermal denaturation of MP, leading to a dense aggregated network structure. The study suggested that Ab could be a promising ingredient in improving chicken MP's gel properties and developing fat-reduced meat products.     

Adenine-functionalized conjugated polymer as an efficient photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution from water

Conjugated polymers have emerged as a promising class of organic photocatalysts for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water splitting due to their adjustable chemical structures and electronic properties. However, developing highly efficient organic polymer photocatalysts with high photocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution remains a significant challenge. Herein, we present an efficient approach to enhance the photocatalytic performance of linear conjugated polymers by modifying the surface chemistry via introducing a hydrophilic adenine group into the side chain. The adenine unit with five nitrogen atoms could enhance the interaction between the surface of polymer photocatalyst and water molecules through the formation of hydrogen bonding, which improves the hydrophilicity and dispersity of the resulting polymer photocatalyst in the photocatalytic reaction solution. In addition, the strong electron-donating ability of adenine group with plentiful nitrogen atoms could promote the separation of light-induced electrons and holes. As a result, the adenine-functionalized conjugated polymer PF6A-DBTO2 shows a high photocatalytic activity with a hydrogen evolution rate (HER) of 25.21 mmol g^?1 h^?1 under UV-Vis light irradiation, which is much higher than that of its counterpart polymer PF6-DBTO2 without the adenine group (6.53 mmol g^?1 h^?1). More importantly, PF6A-DBTO2 without addition of a Pt co-catalyst also exhibits an impressive HER of 21.93 mmol g^?1 h^?1 under visible light (λ > 420 nm). This work highlights that it is an efficient strategy to improve the photocatalytic activity of conjugated polymer photocatalysts by the modification of surface chemistry.     

Effects of high-pressure-modified soy 11S globulin on the gel properties and water-holding capacity of pork batter

The effects of high-pressure-modified soy 11S globulin (0.1, 200, and 400 MPa) on the gel properties, water-holding capacity, and water mobility of pork batter were investigated. The high-pressure-modified soy 11S globulin significantly increased (P < 0.05) the emulsion stability, cooking yield, hardness, springiness, chewiness, resilience, cohesiveness, the a^* and b^* values, and the G′ and G′′ values of pork batter at 80 °C, compared with those of 0.1 MPa-modified globulin. In contrast, the centrifugal loss and initial relaxation time of T_2b, T₂₁, and T₂₂ significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the microstructure was denser, and the voids were smaller and more uniform compared with those of 0.1 MPa-modified globulin. In addition, the sample with 11S globulin modified at 400 MPa had the best water-holding capacity, gel structure, and gel properties among the samples. Overall, the use of high-pressure-modified soy 11S globulin improved the gel properties and water-holding capacity of pork batter, especially under 400 MPa.     

肉类风味影响因素研究进展

肉是人类食物的重要组成部分,为人类提供了必需的蛋白质、脂肪和维生素。肉类风味是评价肉类品质的重要指标,风味的好坏直接影响肉类品质和消费者的选择。肉类风味形成途径复杂,全面分析检测难度较大,影响肉类风味的因素众多,涉及物理、化学、生物等多个领域。文章概述了肉类风味形成途径和分析方法,并着重对肉类风味的影响因素进行了讨论。     

蒸汽爆破甘薯渣粉对小麦粉粉质及饼干品质特性的影响

研究蒸汽爆破甘薯渣粉对小麦粉粉质及混合粉制作饼干品质特性的影响。将蒸汽爆破甘薯渣粉添加到小麦粉中,测定不同比例蒸汽爆破甘薯渣粉与小麦粉混合后的沉淀指数、糊化特性、粉质特性以及混合粉饼干质构性质。结果表明:小麦粉中添加不同量的蒸汽爆破甘薯渣粉后,小麦混合粉的沉淀指数、峰值黏度、低谷黏度、稀懈值、最终黏度和反弹值均降低;蒸汽爆破甘薯渣粉添加到小麦粉中,面筋蛋白被稀释,吸水能力随可溶性膳食纤维质量分数的增加而增加,而面团的形成时间和稳定时间缩短,弱化度升高,粉质质量指数降低;混合粉焙烤出的饼干质构特性发生变化。根据饼干的质构特性和感官评定结果,在低筋面粉中添加质量分数6%的蒸汽爆破甘薯渣粉时,混合粉制作的饼干品质最佳。     

1株水开菲尔粒中植物乳杆菌的鉴定及产细菌素基因分析

目的:对从水开菲尔粒中分离得到1株能产生抑菌物质的菌株QF01进行菌种鉴定,并对其产细菌素进行实验、鉴定和基因序列分析。方法:通过牛津杯法测定抑菌能力,采用聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)扩增16S r DNA和细菌素相关基因并测序,利用Pro Param tool、TMHMM 2.0、Inter Pro Scan、SOPM和SWISSMODEL在线软件对基因编码产物进行分析。结果:该菌株产的细菌素对大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli JM109)有明显的抑制作用,通过16S r DNA序列分析初步确定该菌株属于植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)。该菌株含有pln D、pln EF、pln V、pln R四种基因,其中pln V基因编码产物有跨膜螺旋结构,其结构存在信号肽特征。此外,从三级结构的模型预测得到4种基因的编码产物均存在α-螺旋、β-转角、伸展链和无规则卷曲。结论:从水开菲尔粒分离得到的L.plantarum QF01菌株,含有pln D、pln EF、pln V、pln R细菌素基因,对大肠杆菌有很好的抑制作用。     

鱼肉辣椒酱开发研究

辣椒酱是人们生活中的重要调味品。草鱼肉质鲜美、营养丰富。鱼肉辣椒酱是以干辣椒、淡水鱼为主要原料制作而成。以干辣椒的添加量为25%,鱼丸的添加量为18%,鱼丸是以88%的草鱼肉糜加入玉米淀粉5%、盐3%、猪油4%制作而成。成品主料分明,色泽鲜艳,口感俱佳,是一款营养价值高的辣椒酱。     

基于不同预处理高光谱信息的鸡肉滴水损失率快速预测研究

本文旨在通过挖掘不同预处理高光谱(900~1700 nm)信息构建鸡肉滴水损失率的快速预测模型。首先采集每个鸡肉样本高光谱图像并提取图像感兴趣区域内的平均光谱信息,经基线校正(BC)、标准正态变量校正(SNV)、多元散射校正(MSC)、高斯滤波平滑(GFS)、归一化校正(NC)等五种光谱不同预处理,利用偏最小二乘回归(Partial Least Squares Regression,PLSR)算法构建光谱信息与鸡肉滴水损失率之间的定量关系。然后分别基于回归系数法(Regression Coefficient,RC)、连续投影算法(Successive Projections Algorithm,SPA)和逐步回归算法(Stepwise)筛选出对模型精度影响较大的最优波长优化全波段PLS模型。结果显示,基于BC光谱的全波段PLSR模型(BC-PLSR)预测鸡肉滴水损失率效果更好(r_P=0.95,RMSEP=0.29%,RPD=3.07,ΔE=0.0024%)。利用Stepwise法从BC光谱中选取的14个最优波长(900.6、903.8、905.5、907.1、917.0、997.7、1162.2、1272.4、1354.8、1369.6、1410.8、1425.6、1584.1和1695.1 nm)建立的SW-BC-PLSR模型(r_P=0.97,RMSEP=0.24%,RPD=3.82,ΔE=0.0012%)和多元线性回归(Multiple Linear Regression,MLR)模型SW-BC-MLR(r_P=0.97、RMSEP=0.22%、RPD=4.19,ΔE=0.0036%)预测鸡肉滴水损失率效果均良好。本试验表明,基于近红外高光谱信息可潜在实现鸡肉滴水损失率的快速预测。     

高光谱快速预测冷鲜鸡胸肉中乳酸菌

乳酸菌含量是评价冷鲜鸡胸肉品质的重要指标。随着储藏天数的增加,当乳酸菌含量超过106 CFU/g,冷鲜鸡胸肉黏度增加,开始腐败变味。本研究通过化学计量学算法挖掘高光谱数据快速预测鸡胸肉中乳酸菌含量。首先,采集119个冷鲜鸡胸肉样品900~1700 nm的高光谱图像,提取肉样图像感兴趣区域(Region of interest,ROI)内的光谱信息,经多元散射校正(Multiplicative Scatter Correction,MSC)等8种方法预处理原始光谱,采用偏最小二乘(Partial Least Squares,PLS)算法挖掘光谱信息,构建全波段PLS预测模型(F-PLS)。然后,选用回归系数法(Regression Coefficient,RC)、逐步回归法(Stepwise)和连续投影算法(Successive Projections Algorithm,SPA)筛选最优波长优化F-PLS模型。结果显示,基于SPA法从基线校正(Baseline Correction,BC)预处理光谱中筛选出21个最优波长(903.8、905.5、912.1、915.4、917.0、920.3、923.6、931.8、941.7、1107.0、1135.9、1157.3、1269.2、1303.7、1320.2、1348.2、1551.1、1676.9、1686.9、1695.1和1698.4 nm)构建的SPA-PLS模型预测最好(r_P=0.949,RMSEP=0.439lg CFU/g,RPD=2.787)。本试验表明,采用近红外高光谱技术快速预测冷鲜鸡胸肉中乳酸菌含量是可行的。