Additional deepwater sampling of prey fish in Lake Michigan annual bottom trawl survey reveals new insights for depth distribution dynamics

Beginning in 2013, sites at the 128-m bottom depth contour were added to the sampling design of the annual Lake Michigan bottom trawl survey for prey fish, which has been conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center (GLSC) each fall since 1973, to better assess fish depth distributions in a changing ecosystem. The standard sampling design included bottom depths from 9 to 110 m, although the GLSC also sporadically conducted bottom trawl tows at the 128-m bottom depth contour during 1973–1988. Enactment of this new sampling design in 2013 revealed that mean biomass density of deepwater sculpins (Myoxocephalus thompsonii) at the 128-m depth exceeded the sum of mean biomass densities at shallower depths, indicating that the bulk of the deepwater sculpin population is residing in waters deeper than 110 m. Thus, our findings supported the hypothesis that the depth distribution of the deepwater sculpin population had shifted to deeper waters beginning in 2007, thereby explaining, at least in part, the marked decline in deepwater sculpin abundance since 2006 based on the standard sampling design. In contrast, our results did not support the hypothesis that the slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus) population had shifted to deeper waters sometime after 2000. A portion of the burbot (Lota lota) population may have also shifted in depth distribution to waters deeper than 110 m after 2007, based on our results. Our findings have served as an impetus to further expand the range of depths sampled in our bottom trawl survey.     

In2S3-NiS co-decorated MoO3@MoS2 composites for enhancing the solar-light induced CO2 photoreduction activity

In₂S₃-NiS co-decorated MoO₃@MoS₂ (INS/MoO₃@MoS₂) heterojunctions were prepared in nonthermal plasma via the in-situ sulfurization for enhancing the solar-light photocatalytic conversion of CO₂ into CH₄ and CO at 423 K. In contrast with hexagonal h-MoO₃ nanorods, CH₄ and CO yields were enhanced by h-MoO₃@MoS₂ and In₂S₃/MoO₃@MoS₂, while the increased CH₄ yield and decreased CO yield were obtained by INS/MoO₃@MoS₂ and NiS/MoO₃@MoS₂. The optimal 3-INS/MoO₃@MoS₂ with a nominal NiS-In₂S₃ content of 5.0 wt% and a In/Ni molar ratio of 2:1 exhibited the best photoreduction activity of CO₂, of which CH₄ and CO yields were 49.11 and 6.19 μmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹, respectively. It's ascribed to the tight interface for enhancing the visible-light absorption capacity and reinforcing the transfer and separation of charge carriers. S-rich sites and O vacancies were favorable for the adsorption and photoreduction of reactants on the bulks surface. The nonthermal plasma induced in-situ sulfurization was thus a promising route to fabricate metal sulfides-based heterojunctions.     

硒多糖酸奶贮藏期间的理化特性研究

为研究硒多糖对酸奶4℃贮藏25d内理化特性的影响,将0.06%硒多糖添加到纯牛奶中通过乳酸菌发酵制得硒多糖酸奶,测定硒多糖酸奶和对照酸奶中持水力、酸度、乳酸菌及硒含量等指标。结果表明:低温贮藏5-25 d内,对照酸奶和硒多糖酸奶持水力比较稳定;当贮藏时间为第15 d时,硒多糖酸奶持水力显著高于对照酸奶(P<0.05)。酸度随着贮藏时间的延长而显著增加(P<0.05),硒多糖酸奶和对照酸奶之间酸度无明显差异性。乳酸菌数量于贮藏时间5-25d呈现明显下降趋势(P<0.05),硒多糖酸奶在贮藏时间1d、10d和15d时乳酸菌数量显著低于对照酸奶(P<0.05)。低温贮藏期间酸奶硒含量比较稳定,且硒多糖酸奶硒含量是对照酸奶的10倍左右。硒多糖能改善酸奶在贮藏期间的一些理化特性。     

A novel synthesis method for manganese ferrite nanopowders: The effect of manganese salt as inorganic additive in electrosynthesis cell

Manganese ferrite nanoparticles were electro-crystallized in an electrochemical cell containing two iron electrodes, and an electrolyte solution of sodium sulfate, sodium butanoate, and manganese sulfate hydrate. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, magnetometry, and Mössbauer spectroscopy methods. The crystal structure of the samples was studied using X-ray diffraction. Based on obtained results we found that the manganese ferrite nanoparticles are formed in the electrochemical cell containing 0.001 M manganese sulfate hydrate. Also, the formation of a paramagnetic secondary phase in the sample without manganese is suppressed by adding manganese salt in the electrochemical cell. The nanoparticle size, shape, and morphology were characterized using electron microscopy. Magnetization curves show that all samples are magnetically soft and their specific magnetization ranges from 15 A m² kg⁻¹ to 75 A m² kg⁻¹, depending on the growth conditions. Room temperature Mössbauer spectra confirm the formation of nonstoichiometric spinel ferrite of magnetite or manganese ferrite, again depending on the growth conditions. Based on Mössbauer analysis, reduction in the population of octahedral sites provides direct evidence for the presence of the manganese ions substitution in the octahedral sites.     

Optimal sizing of wind-hydrogen system considering hydrogen demand and trading modes

In order to make full use of renewable energy and improve the utilization of wind power, a new joint optimization scheme of the wind-hydrogen system coupled with transmission project is proposed in this paper, in which wind power is reasonably allocated for grid integration and for hydrogen production. Aiming at maximize the annul wind-hydrogen system benefit, the optimal sizes of wind power transmission project and hydrogen system are obtained under different hydrogen production modes, hydrogen trading modes and hydrogen demand levels. In addition, the penalty cost of wind curtailment and hydrogen supply shortage and the system environmental benefits are taken into account. Results show: during the long-term of insufficient of wind power, it is better to produce hydrogen using wind power and grid-assisted power to avoid hydrogen supply shortage; considering the future increase of hydrogen demand, the optimal supply number of hydrogen refueling stations in the wind-hydrogen system is two. Also, the low utilization of fuel cells means that the benefit from regeneration cannot offset the high cost, which leads to the abnegation of fuel cells in the wind-hydrogen system.     

A novel hierarchical Bi2MoO6/Mn0.2Cd0.8S Heterostructured Nanocomposite for Efficient Visible-light hydrogen production

In this work, a series of Mn_xCd_1-xS solid solutions as efficient photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution with visible light response were synthesized via a co-precipitation method firstly. Then, the hierarchical Bi₂MoO₆/Mn_0.2Cd_0.8S heterostructured composite was prepared by combining Mn_0.2Cd_0.8S composite with Bi₂MoO₆ nanocrystalline through a hydrothermal process. The optimized Mn_0.2Cd_0.8S composite's photocatalytic activity is more than 3 times of pristine CdS and the prepared Bi₂MoO₆/Mn_0.2Cd_0.8S nanocomposites exhibited a significantly improved photocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution from water with visible light response comparing with single Mn_0.2Cd_0.8S composite. The optimized photocatalytic activity of Bi₂MoO₆/Mn_0.2Cd_0.8S composite is around 10 times of pristine CdS. The excellent photocatalytic activity of Bi₂MoO₆/Mn_0.2Cd_0.8S composite might be ascribed to the well-matched energy band structures of the Bi₂MoO₆ and Mn_0.2Cd_0.8S. Furthermore, the heterojunctions in Bi₂MoO₆/Mn_0.2Cd_0.8S composite might also do some contributions to improve its photocatalytic activities to some extent. A possible photocatalytic mechanism was proposed. Due to its excellent photocatalytic activity and good stability for hydrogen evolution from water, the obtained hierarchical Bi₂MoO₆/Mn_0.2Cd_0.8S composite has potential application in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water by using solar power.     

High-temperature sulfurized synthesis of MnxCd1-xS composites for enhancing solar-light driven H2 evolution

In recent years, tremendous efforts have been devoted to develop new photocatalyst with wide spectrum response for H₂ generation from water or aqueous solution. In this paper, Mn_xCd_1-xS composites were in-situ fabricated via the high-temperature sulfurization to enhance the solar-light photocatalytic capacity of H₂ evolution. Benefiting from the S defects and junction interface between MnS and CdS, Mn_xCd_1-xS composites exhibited the better H₂ evolution rate than pure MnS. The H₂ evolution rate of optimal Mn_0.5Cd_0.5S with a Mn(II) content of 22.52% and a Mn/Cd mole ratio of 0.95:1 was 9.27 mmol g^?1 h^?1, which was 35.65 and 2.38 times higher than pure MnS (0.26 mmol g^?1 h^?1) and CdS (3.89 mmol g^?1 h^?1), respectively. In addition, H₂ evolution capacity of Mn_0.5Cd_0.5S decreased from 44.83 to 41.66 mmol g^?1 after three cycles. Mn_0.5Cd_0.5S prepared via the high-temperature sulfurization was thus a potential material for solar-light induced H₂ generation.     

公路工程地质勘察中彩色地质图数字化方法

利用AutoCAD2004精确制图功能和Photoshop强大的图像处理能力,解决AutoCAD图形和图像混编时其功能的不足,绘制一套具有透明性质的彩色地质图,并给出详细的操作步骤,具有较强的实用性。     

粗颗粒盐渍土地基掏挖基础抗拔承载模型试验研究

考虑不同粗颗粒盐渍土层状态（结晶、溶蚀）和厚度,通过对粗颗粒盐渍土地基掏挖基础进行抗拔承载模型试验,分析了掏挖基础的抗拔承载特征。研究结果表明,上拔加载过程中地面以基础为中心产生明显隆起现象,逐渐形成以基础为中心的环状和放射状裂缝。地面隆起范围近似呈圆形扩大趋势;上拔位移随距基础中心距离增大而不断减小,上拔位移梯度随荷载增加逐渐增大。荷载-位移曲线呈现出典型的“软化型”特征;结晶状态下基础抗拔承载力随着盐渍土层厚度增加显著增加;结晶状态下基础抗拔承载力显著高于溶蚀状态。粗颗粒盐渍土地基破裂面形态表现为分段直线方程形式;普通粗颗粒土层、结晶状态粗颗粒盐渍土层及溶蚀状态粗颗粒盐渍土层上拔角分别约为32°,34°及18°。     

东昆仑祁漫塔格那西郭勒地区沉积变质型铁矿地质特征及找矿标志

那西郭勒铁矿床位于东昆仑成矿带祁漫塔格成矿亚带上,该矿床是2013年新发现的一处中型铁矿床,矿体均赋存于古元古界金水口岩群一套斜长角闪片岩、石英岩中,矿石矿物主要为磁铁矿,次有赤铁矿、褐铁矿等,矿体多呈层状分布,破碎带内的矿体相对较为富集,成因类型为沉积变质型。结合区域地质背景与矿床特征,文章对那西郭勒矿床的成矿特征、控矿因素及矿床成因进行了分析,进一步提出找矿标志,以期为矿区乃至祁漫塔格地区的铁多金属矿勘查提供参考。