Effect of malondialdehyde oxidation on structure and physicochemical properties of amandin

Oil, accounting for 45% of almonds, is easily oxidised and can further induce the protein oxidation to reduce their quality. Structure and physicochemical properties of amandin, the main water-soluble protein in almonds, inducing oxidation by malondialdehyde (MDA) were investigated. The results showed that the content of carbonyl group increased from 5.23 to 33.25 nmol mg⁻¹ of protein with the increase in MDA concentration (P < 0.05). However, the sulphydryl content, surface hydrophobicity, particle size and the absolute value of ζ-potential first increased and then decreased. Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) confirmed that the structure of amandin changed from order to disorder. Fluorescence spectroscopic analysis revealed that mild oxidation (0–0.1 mmol L⁻¹ MDA) exposed hydrophobic groups of the protein. Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) suggested that protein oxidation promoted crosslinking between protein molecules. Furthermore, protein oxidation markedly declined the total amino acid content of amandin (P < 0.05). In conclusion, MDA oxidation changed the structure and amino acid content of amandin, and caused the protein aggregate and crosslink through hydrophobic interaction and electrostatic interaction.     

锯齿轧花中含棉籽棉朵模型的构建与仿真

为方便分析锯齿轧花过程中籽棉的受力状况以期提高皮棉质量,在已有的层合板棉朵模型和三维编织棉朵模型基础上,提出了一种含棉籽的棉朵模型。该模型基于实际棉朵中棉籽以及棉纤维束排列呈立体网状结构的规律,假设纤维束具有圆形截面,截面形状沿轴向保持不变,在该模型的基础上利用ANSYS Workbench对轧花过程进行了模拟,研究了不同锯齿滚筒转速和棉籽密度对轧花过程的影响。结果表明:锯齿滚筒转速越大,棉纤维受影响越剧烈,但转速过大也会损伤棉纤维,棉籽密度在580 kg/m³时锯齿轧花效果最明显;实验值与模拟值误差相对较小,说明了模型的合理性。     

骏枣精油的超临界CO2萃取工艺及其组成分析

以新疆骏枣为原料,采用超临界二氧化碳萃取技术对骏枣精油进行萃取分离,通过单因素和正交试验优化骏枣精油的萃取工艺,最后采用顶空-固相微萃取(headspace solid phase microextraction,HS-SPME)和气相色谱-质谱联用仪(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)对骏枣精油成分进行分析。结果表明:超临界二氧化碳萃取骏枣精油最佳工艺为:乙醇作携带剂,萃取压力25 MPa,萃取温度32℃,夹带剂流速0.3 mL/min,萃取时间3 h,骏枣精油的萃取率可达1.224%。经GC-MS分析,共检出68种物质,结构推断59种,占总峰面积的91.737%,其中主要包括酸类、烷烃类、酮类、酯类以及少量的醛类、醇类等。各类物质中焦糖香味的麦芽醇和5-羟甲基糠醛,杏仁气味苯甲酸和糠醛以及奶香味的3-羟基-2-丁酮都可能是骏枣精油的主要香气成分。     

基于特色有机化学教材建设的探索和实践

教材建设是有机化学教学改革的一个重要组成部分,教材是直接反映教学内容的载体,是保证教学质量的基础。本文结合我校民族班有机化学教材建设的实际情况及任课教师和近三届民族同学学习后的反馈意见,总结了在教材建设中的一些经验和体会,既肯定了民族特色有机教材所取得的成果,也指出了所存在的不足,同时对民族教材建设方向进行了展望。     

双重Pickering乳液法制备聚丙烯酰胺多孔微球及应用

采用亲水性气相二氧化硅N20和疏水性气相二氧化硅H30复配表面活性剂制备O/W/O型双重乳液,以此为模板,聚合中间相,挥发内相制备聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）多孔微球,并用于染料分子亚甲基蓝的吸附。结果表明：乳液显微镜照片显示水油比对双重乳液的形成有很大的影响,当水油比(O₁/W)/O₂为(1/2)/2时,可得到稳定的双重乳液;扫描电镜（SEM）照片显示PAM多孔微球基本呈球形,但粒径不均匀,球体表面粗糙,内部为空心结构;激光粒度仪（DLS）结果表明PAM微球平均粒径为356nm,多分散系数（PDI）为0.718,比表面积为230m²/g,粒径分布宽;在吸附温度35℃、吸附时间5min时对亚甲基蓝的吸附率为98.89%,最大吸附率超过99%,在吸附速率和吸附率上均优于传统PAM吸附剂,本研究为染料废水的处理提供了新方法。     

Erratum to: Effects of redox-active interlayer anions on the oxygen evolution reactivity of NiFe-layered double hydroxide nanosheets

Nano Research - The labels in Fig. 8 in the original version of this article were unfortunately misplaced. The corrected figure is as follow.     

Enhanced H2 evolution and the interfacial electron transfer mechanism of titanate nanotube sensitized with CdS quantum dots and graphene quantum dots

Synergistic the modulation of photon absorption capability and interfacial charge transfer of the photocatalyst are highly required for developing high-performance heterojunction photocatalysts. The ternary CdS-graphene quantum dots-titanate nanotubes (CdS-GQDs-TNTs) nanocomposite have been prepared by an in situ growth method. The physicochemical characterization reveals that the GQDs are firmly decorated on both inner and outer surface of TNT through the formation of Ti–O–C chemical bonding, and CdS QDs are loaded on the outer surface of TNTs through strong interfacial interaction. The intimate integrated CdS-GQDs-TNTs nanocomposite exhibits much superior photocatalytic performance toward H₂ production compared with binary GQDs-TNTs and pure TNTs photocatalyst, which can be attributed to the combined interaction of the stronger visible light harvesting, the longer lifetime of photogenerated electron−hole pairs, faster interfacial charge transfer rate, fast and long-distance electron transport pass. The interfacial charge transfer mechanism of CdS-GQDs-TNTs ternary composite are proposed based on photoelectrochemical measurements.     

Associative interactions between chitosan and soy protein fractions: Effects of pH,mixing ratio,heat treatment and ionic strength

The objective of this paper is to explore the complexation between the soy protein fractions (glycinin and β-conglycinin) and chitosan (CS) and to investigate the influence of pH, mixing ratio, heat treatment and ionic strength. Phase behavior and microstructure showed that soluble complex and coacervate were obtained in glycinin/CS and β-conglycinin/CS mixtures at specific pHs, following a nucleation and growth mechanism. Moreover, the coacervates showed higher thermal stability than protein alone. Specially, the glycinin/CS mixture displayed a gel-like network structure at pH 5.5 and 6.0, and this structure kept the mixture soluble at a long pH region. The turbidity versus ζ-potential pattern showed that, independent of protein, the self aggregation of soy protein fractions and the coacervation of glycinin/CS and β-conglycinin/CS mixtures were all obtained at charge neutralization pH, indicating that the ζ-potential is the most critical parameter to understand the stability of soy protein/chitosan mixture. This predictive parameter was less affected by mixing ratio and heating but was significantly affected by ionic strength because mixing ratio and heating only changed the equilibrium between repulsive and attractive forces in colloid system while sodium chloride destroyed the predictability of colloidal stability via shielding charged reactive sites on both biopolymers to disrupt electrostatic interactions.     

天然产物化学课程问卷调查与分析

本文对我校生命科学学院20102、011届应用化学专业天然产物化学课程的教学情况进行了问卷调查。通过调查分析,对其教学效果进行检测和评价,诊断了现行教学中所存在的问题,并提出改革相应措施,提高教学质量。