Decomposition process of bastnaesite concentrate in NaOH-CaO-H_2O system

A novel process of calcification-leaching for bastnaesite concentrate(REFCO_3) was proposed. The prior calcification was carried out in the system of NaOH-CaO-H_2O and the lgC-pH pattern for Ce-F-Ca-C-H_2O system was drawn. The thermodynamics result indicates that decomposition for bastnaesite requires certain alkaline condition, but excessive alkalinity also causes decomposition of CaF_2. XRD and SEM-EDS analyses on the calcification-leaching process reveal that bastnaesite first decomposes into RE(OH)_3 and CaF_2. Then, by HCl leaching rare earths were extracted,while CaF_2 was left in the leaching residue. In addition, effects of temperature, time, NaOH and CaO on the calcification were investigated. The results show that the leaching rate of rare earths(REs)reaches 72.5 wt%, at the same time 99.2 wt% of F is left in leaching residue with 20 wt% NaOH and 38 wt% CaO at 493 K for 180 min.     

Fabricating NixCo1−xO@C cocatalysts sensitized by CdS through electrostatic interaction for efficient photocatalytic H2 evolution

Exploiting efficient and stable noble metal-free hydrogen evolution catalysts for water splitting is of great importance. In this work, Ni_xCo_1-xO@C/CdS hybrid is successfully fabricated through an electrostatic interaction of oppositely charged nanoparticles on their surfaces. The resulting Ni_xCo_1-xO@C nanoboxes cocatalysts which were derived from NiCo-LDH@ZIF-67 with Ni–Co layered double hydroxides (LDH) decorated with ZIF-67 precursor exhibited improved hydrogen production rate compared with bare CdS semiconductor from 0.7 mmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹ to 56 mmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹. It is demonstrated that the electrostatic interaction between the two surface charged nanoparticles of Ni_xCo_1-xO@C and CdS play an important role in migrating and separating of photogenerated charge carriers. The synthesized Ni_xCo_1-xO@C as excellent candidates for cost-effective cocatalysts is aimed to substitute for noble metals in photocatalytic H₂ evolution.     

基于匹配滤波和自动阈值的眼底血管分割方法

提出一种快速、简便、高效的眼底血管分割方法。分析眼底图像的灰度值分布和对比度变化,利用匹配滤波克服背景干扰,消除噪声影响,达到灰度均衡,实现眼底图像的亮度归一化。估计眼底图像中背景像素所占比例,利用直方图自动选择阈值,完成对眼底图像中血管的有效分割。在公开的眼底图像数据库上进行测试,该方法对眼底血管分割具有较好的性能指标。实验表明,提出的基于匹配滤波和阈值优化的眼底血管分割方法,准确率高、复杂度低,对眼科疾病的计算机辅助诊断有一定的实用价值。     

One-pot synthesis of PdBi/reduced graphene oxide catalyst under microwave irradiation used for formic acid electrooxidation

The Pd and PdBi nanoparticles dispersed on the reduced graphene oxide (Pd/rGO and PdBi/rGO) have been synthesized through one-pot reaction under the irradiation of microwave and the obtained composites have been characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and their electrocatalytic activities have also been evaluated. It is found that the PdBi_0.05/rGO catalyst exhibits higher activity and better stability toward formic acid electrooxidation compared with Pd/C and Pd/rGO. The excellent electrocatalytic performance indicates that the addition of appropriate amount of Bi can greatly enhance the activity and stability of Pd catalysts for the formic acid oxidation.     

面向多区域视频监控的运动目标检测系统

为了实现视频监控现场多区域运动目标检测,分析了传统运动检测算法的不足,结合帧间差分法和背景差分法,提出背景动态更新的运动检测算法。该算法能自适应背景的变化,减少由背景变化造成的误检测。构建基于FPGA的视频监控系统,在FPGA上用该算法实现了640pixel×480pixel,30帧/s视频信号流的运动目标实时检测。系统提供了分区域运动目标检测的功能。检测区域的大小、位置和个数可通过简单的按键操作进行设定。测试结果表明,系统可以实时地对进入划定区域的运动目标进行检测和闪烁告警,且资源占用较少,适合在小规模的FPGA上进行实现。     

A multi-objective approach in the linear antenna array design

We show that linear antenna array design can be modeled as a multi-objective optimization problem. A genetic algorithm is proposed for the solution of this problem. This genetic algorithm efficiently computes the trade-off curve between main beam width and side lobe level for linear antenna arrays with uniform and non-uniform separations. For uniform separation, the proposed algorithm is validated against the Chebyshev method for the cases of 6-, 8-, 10-, and 12-element linear arrays. Simulation results for non-uniform spacing with uniform and non-uniform excitations applied across the array indicate that the trade-off curve between main beam width and side lobe level for uniform spacing arrays can be improved by introducing non-uniform spacing.     

宽频带圆极化缝隙螺旋天线的设计

研究了一种宽阻抗带宽和宽圆极化轴比带宽的缝隙螺旋天线。天线印制在由FR4 介质基板构建的 方形柱状结构的内外表面,两组长短不同的缝隙螺旋臂印制在介质基板外表面并延伸至天线顶部;一条弯折的微带 线作为馈电网络印制在介质基板内表面,通过对各缝隙耦合馈电,实现天线宽阻抗带宽和轴比带宽。实测结果表 明:天线尺寸为0. 111λ0 ×0. 111λ0 ×0. 221λ0(λ0 为北斗B2 中心频率1. 207 GHz 对应的自由空间波长),S11 ≤ -10 dB 的阻抗带宽为1. 158~1. 778 GHz,轴比≤3 dB 的圆极化带宽为1. 133~1. 918 GHz。该天线采用缝隙螺旋结构,通过 简易的馈电网络实现天线小型化和宽频带特性,在卫星导航系统中具有较好的应用前景。     

一种小型化宽频带卫星导航终端天线的设计

研究了一种小型化宽频带交叉偶极子结构卫星导航终端天线。天线结构由交叉偶极子臂、耦合贴片和侧面开斜槽的反射腔组成,反射腔的侧面斜槽可调节电流分布,实现了天线宽阻抗带宽、宽轴比带宽和尺寸的小型化。测量结果表明, S11 ≤-10 dB 阻抗带宽实测为0.96~2.12 GHz,轴比≤3 dB 的圆极化带宽为1.06~1.84 GHz,在北斗卫星导航系统B1、B2、B3 频段中心频率点的实测增益分别为6.07 dBi、5.25 dBi、6.2 dBi。该天线频带宽、结构简单,不需要复杂的圆极化馈电网络,适合批量生产。     

生成对抗网络在数据异常检测中的研究

针对许多检测模型受到数据不平衡和异常数据的复杂性等因素影响问题,提出一种以生成对抗网络（generative adversarial network,GAN）为基础的数据异常检测方法。该方法利用InfoGAN网络训练生成正常数据和异常数据,构造一个推理神经网络作为生成数据与原始数据的标签生成器,之后利用第二个GAN网络对推理网络精调,保证生成的样本和其标签对应;最后将生成样本与标签输入随机森林分类,通过Hyperband算法寻找随机森林最优超参,对推理网络进一步优化。在四个真实数据集上与五种传统机器学习模型进行实验对比,实验结果表明,该模型无需收集更多异常样本,达到数据平衡就可以有效进行数据异常检测。在Mnist数据集中,该模型的AUC值相比于K近邻（K-nearest neighbor,KNN）方法提高0.14,并且综合性能优于传统机器学习模型。     

超导电路与体声波谐振器组成的量子iSWAP门方案

高保真度量子门的物理实现是量子计算和量子通信的关键技术之一。根据电路量子声动力学和量子电动力学,提出了由两个具有较长相干时间的超导transmon qubit和一个具有高机械品质因数的薄膜体声波谐振器组成的量子门方案,体声波谐振器起到类似微波光子通道的作用,使两个transmon qubit之间实现量子态交互。该文先用Butterworth van Dyke模型分析体声波谐振器在方案中的等效电路,构建系统的量子化哈密顿量,再用二能级原子 声子混合量子态形式编码系统的量子态,通过调节外磁场来调控系统的输入态,系统的输出态可通过测量模块得到。在Jaynes Cummings模型下,该系统能完成具有高保真度的量子相位交换（iSWAP）门操作。