轻质碳酸钙加填量对PCCP/LCP-1复合材料气体吸附性能的影响

利用原位生长法制备了轻质碳酸钙(PCC)加填的植物纤维纸基(PCCP)/金属有机骨架化合物(MOFs,即Zn2(BTC)4,标记为LCP-1)复合材料(PCCP/LCP-1),探讨了PCC加填量对复合材料气体吸附性能的影响;采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、热重分析仪(TGA)和氮气吸附法(BET)研究了LCP-1与植物纤维的键合方式以及复合材料的表面形貌、比表面积、热稳定性和吸附行为。结果表明,LCP-1与植物纤维之间以酯键结合,PCC加填量的增加可使纸张纤维网络体系暴露出更多的游离羟基,有利于提高LCP-1在PCCP表面的沉积率。此外,PCC的位阻效应降低了LCP-1在PCCP表面的生长空间,导致LCP-1尺寸变小。BET实验表明,与未添加PCC的复合材料相比,添加PCC可显著提高复合材料的吸附性能,且随着PCC加填量的增加,复合材料的氮气吸附量也逐渐提高。     

黏土-膨润土基铁炭陶粒填料的制备与应用

以黏土、膨润土为主要原料,采用高温焙烧法制备出新型水处理陶粒填料,对填料的配方和制备工艺进行研究。结果表明,填料最佳性能条件为:铁炭质量比为4∶1,原料质量比黏土∶膨润土为1∶1,黏土、膨润土和助剂量占总填料80%,羧甲基纤维素钠和硫酸铵分别占总填料1%。焙烧温度500℃,焙烧时间30min,在此工艺下填料的压溃强度为52N,孔隙率为28.9%。采用铁-炭微电解法处理造纸二沉池出水,反应70min,其COD Cr去除率达71%。     

毛皮中甲醛释放影响因素的研究

采用1m3环境舱模拟真实生活环境,通过改变温度、相对湿度、换气速率、承载率及释放部位等因素,考察对甲醛释放的影响。结果表明：（1）温度、相对湿度的增加会促进毛皮中的甲醛释放,且温度的影响更为明显。当温度从18℃增加到35℃．甲醛的最大释放量增加了102．51％。相对湿度从40％增加到60％．甲醛的最大释放量仅增加了15．52％。（2）随承载率的增加,释放源增多,甲醛释放量随之增加。通风换气,可以有效降低甲醛平衡浓度,改善室内环境质量。（3）毛皮的两面均为甲醛释放部位,肉面的甲醛释放量要略低于毛面。实际使用过程中,对毛皮的释放部位做适当封闭处理（加内衬、涂饰等）可以有效降低甲醛释放。     

Analytical modeling of strength in randomly oriented PP and PPTA short fiber reinforced gypsum composites

Fiber reinforced gypsum are prevalent building materials in which short fibers with high tensile strength are embedded into a gypsum matrix to produce supplemental strong and lightweight construction materials. Due to confrontation to a rising risk of death and economic disaster in earthquake-prone areas, quake-resistant materials and structures should be employed for building constructions. Gypsum based composites as a unique candidate for this purpose reduce the risks and produce much confident construction materials for residential buildings. In this work tensile strength of gypsum composites with different volume fraction of polypropylene (PP) and poly-paraphenylene terephthalamide (PPTA) fibers up to 15% were studied. Stress transfer ability from matrix to fibers were analyzed using theoretical shear lag analyses, scanning electron microscope, and pull out tests. The interfacial characteristics were also studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The ability of the composites to withstand against longitudinal tensile load was also studied by tensile tests of dog-bone shaped, random oriented fiber reinforced gypsum. Tensile strength of randomly oriented short fiber reinforced gypsum was evaluated by a mathematical model. The obtained results from the model and experimental results have been compared and discussed.     

氨基化石墨烯气凝胶的制备及其对Cr(Ⅵ)吸附性能研究

以四乙烯五胺(TEPA)为氮源和改性剂,对氧化石墨烯(GO)进行氨基化改性,通过一步水热法制备四乙烯五胺-石墨烯气凝胶(TEPA-GA),采用FT-IR、XRD、拉曼光谱、SEM、XPS、TG等方法对产品的化学结构与形貌进行表征及性能检测。结果表明,通过TEPA成功将GO进行氨基化改性,并制备出具有多孔互穿网络结构的TEPA-GA,其具有超轻、密度小及热性能优异等特点。再将TEPA-GA用于对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附研究,发现在最佳吸附条件下,吸附容量高达342.48mg/g。     

Ultrathin MoS2 nanosheets in situ grown on rich defective Ni0.96S as heterojunction bifunctional electrocatalysts for alkaline water electrolysis

Developing earth-abundant and highly active bifunctional electrocatalysts are critical to advance sustainable hydrogen production via alkaline water electrolysis but still challenging. Herein, heterojunction hybrid of ultrathin molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) nanosheets and non-stoichiometric nickel sulfide (Ni_0.96S) is in situ prepared via a facile one-step hydrothermal strategy, followed by annealing at 400 °C for 1 h. Microstructural analysis shows that the hybrid is composed of intimate heterojunction interfaces between Ni_0.96S and MoS₂ with exposed active edges provided by ultrathin MoS₂ nanosheets and rich defects provided by non-stoichiometric Ni_0.96S nanocrystals. As expected, it is evaluated as bifunctional electrocatalysts to produce both hydrogen and oxygen via water electrolysis with a hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) overpotential of 104 mV at 10 mA cm⁻² and an oxygen evolution reaction (OER) overpotential of 266 mV at 20 mA cm⁻² under alkaline conditions, outperforming most current noble-metal-free electrocatalysts. This work provides a simple strategy toward the rational design of novel heterojunction electrocatalysts which would be a promising candidate for electrochemical overall water splitting.     

Janus graphene oxide nanosheets prepared via Pickering emulsion template

Janus graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets functionalized by amino-containing chemicals were prepared via Pickering emulsion template. A wax-in-water Pickering emulsion was used to mask one side of GO nanosheets in order to achieve asymmetric chemical functionalization. Janus particles were obtained by removing the oil phase. The successful reaction of epoxy groups on the surface of GO with amino-containing chemicals was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The asymmetric surface structure of Janus GO nanosheets was detected by atomic force microscope (AFM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The efficient stabilization of an oil-in-water Pickering emulsion by Janus GO was proved. Polymer microspheres fabricated by using Janus GO as Pickering stabilizer had a more hydrophilic surface compared with those stabilized by symmetrically modified GO.     

Interaction between PCC Filler and Cellulosic Fiber in Fiber/Filler Co-refining System

Mineral fillers are important for conserving raw fiber materials and reducing production costs in the paper industry. However, the increase in filler content will inevitably result in strength reduction, which limits the adding amount of filler in paper production. In this study, we designed a cellulose fiber/filler co-refining approach to improve the strength and optical properties of paper; moreover, the synergistic interaction between fibers and precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) fillers in the co-refining process was investigated. Results of fiber separation and PCC particle size analysis showed that, compared with conventional refining, the content of fines increased, whereas the PCC particle size decreased. More importantly, composites were formed between the PCC and fines, which promoted strength improvement of paper. Physical tests show that the tensile index of paper with 15% PCC content increased by 22% compared with that of the paper filled by conventional method, whereas the brightness and opacity of paper improved by fiber/filler co-refining for a specified filler content. These findings provide a basis for the further development of co-refining filling technology.     

纤维素骨架支撑的高吸水性树脂的制备及性能研究

本研究以竹浆为原料,通过复合纤维素酶+低温碱尿素体系预处理得到改性竹浆纤维;然后以过硫酸钾为自由基引发剂,在N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺的作用下,将丙烯酸接枝到改性竹浆纤维上,制备了一种新型纤维素骨架支撑的高吸水性树脂(MBPF-g-PAA)。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、热重分析仪、X射线衍射仪、X射线光电子能谱仪和场发射扫描电子显微镜对MBPF-g-PAA的结构和形貌进行表征。结果表明,聚丙烯酸成功接枝到竹浆纤维上,纤维素作为骨架增强了树脂内部多孔结构,树脂的吸水效果有明显改进;在优化合成条件下,MBPF-g-PAA的吸水倍率最高达980.87 g/g。此外,受金属阳离子“电荷屏蔽效应”的影响,不同阳离子盐溶液对树脂溶胀的影响依次为:Na⁺>K⁺>NH⁴⁺>Mg²⁺>Ca²⁺>Fe³⁺。     

空心柱状CuS的制备及其降解染料性能

以硝酸铜、硫代硫酸钠为原料,采用沉淀法制备空心柱状CuS。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和傅里叶红外光谱测定仪(FT-IR)对所制备的空心柱状CuS的形貌及物相进行表征。同时,以甲基橙染料(MO)为目标污染物,研究空心柱状CuS的降解性能。结果表明:所制备的空心柱状CuS由CuS纳米片组装而成,其直径在400nm,长度为2.0μm左右。空心柱状CuS与H_2O_2组成的类芬顿体系对染料具有优异的降解能力,110min后甲基橙的降解率可高达86.6%,远优于实心结构CuS对染料的降解能力。