气液螺旋环状流压降特性研究

考虑旋流衰减的影响，对气液螺旋环状流的压降特性进行研究并推导出了螺旋环状流压降预测模型。定义压降旋-直比系数为气液两相螺旋环状流和气液两相直流的压降之比，以此来表征旋流衰减对压降的影响。基于量纲分析的方法对压降旋-直比系数进行分析，推导出其表达式，压降旋-直比系数依赖于Lockhart-Martinelli 参数和气相Froude数变化。最终，得出了气液两相螺旋环状流的压降预测模型。在50 mm内径的水平管内对螺旋环状流的压降特性进行了实验研究，其中气相表观流速变化范围为10~16 m/s，体积含液率（LVF）变化范围为0.6%~4.8%。通过与实验数据进行对比，压降预测模型的相对误差在±15%以内，为工程应用提供了参考。     

电子信息机房UPS供电方式的选择

文中介绍了常用的UPS系统供电方式,通过对各种UPS供电方式的系统效率、设备投资、容错性能、可用性、装机占地面积及承重的比较,为用户提供在不同类型的电子信息机房选择UPS系统的建议。     

基于误差相消原理的光程倍增测量方法

针对大尺寸激光测距类仪器的量值溯源问题,研究了一种基于误差相消原理光程倍增的长距离测量方法,建立具有误差相消特性的测量模型,系统实现了4倍光程倍增,具有倍程结构简单、测量准确度高、测量稳定性好、连续测量等特点。实验复现了室内13m的虚拟长度基线,验证了测量方法的可行性,该方法有望将中远距离的基线场测距缩短至室内完成,将大空间的室内长距离测量缩短至小空间内的短距离测量。     

Heat transfer from a spinning disk during semi-confined axial impingement from a rotating nozzle

Conjugate heat transfer from a uniformly heated spinning solid disk of finite thickness and radius during a semi-confined liquid jet impingement from a rotating nozzle is studied. The model covers the entire fluid region including the impinging jet on a flat circular disk and flow spreading out downstream under the spinning confinement plate and free surface flow after exposure to the ambient gaseous medium. The model examines how the heat transfer is affected by adding a secondary rotational flow under semi-confined jet impingement. The solution is made under steady state and laminar conditions. The study considered various plate materials such as aluminum, copper, silver, constantan and silicon. Ammonia, water, flouroinert FC-77 and MIL-7808 oil were used as working fluids. The range of parameters covered included Reynolds number (220–900), Ekman number (7.08 × 10^?5–∞), nozzle-to-target spacing (β = 0.25–1.0), disk thicknesses to nozzle diameter ratio (b/d_n = 0.25–1.67), Prandtl number (1.29–124.44) and solid to fluid thermal conductivity ratio (36.91–2222). It was found that a higher Reynolds number increased local heat transfer coefficient reducing the interface temperature difference over the entire disk surface. The rotational rate also increased local heat transfer coefficient under most conditions. An engineering correlation relating the Nusselt number with other dimensionless parameters was developed for the prediction of the system performance.     

校准短型廉金属热电偶相关问题的研究

短型廉金属热电偶是一类电极长度较短的可拆卸式廉金属热电偶和廉金属铠装偶的统称。传统的测量设备和测量方法在高温温区往往无法准确测量其示值偏差。通过实验找到其测不准的原因,设计研发接线端恒温器解决这一问题,降低了短型偶示值偏差的扩展不确定度。     

纤维卷尺测量结果分析

论述了纤维卷尺的历史溯源和量值溯源。依据JJG5 2001《纤维卷尺、测绳检定规程》，详细论述了纤维卷尺的不确定度评定的步骤与方法，按照校准方法，数学模型，方差和传播系数，标准不确定度，合成不确定度以及扩展不确定度计算的顺序编写。并将其扩展不确定度与规程规定的最大允许误差作比较，得出此测量方法可行的结论。并提出了高精度玻璃纤维卷尺的发展方向。     

导电聚合物气敏传感器研究进展

气敏传感器是利用材料的气敏特性实现目标气体浓度检测的电子元器件,在生产安全、环境监测、临床医学等领域均有广泛应用。气敏材料主要分为金属氧化物半导体材料、导电聚合物(CP)材料、金属有机框架材料。导电聚合物因其成本低、易于合成,在室温下对氨气等有害气体表现出良好的响应的特点而受到广泛关注。近年来导电聚合物复合物的研究也极大地提高了导电聚合物的气敏性能。分析了导电聚合物电阻调控机理,重点介绍了近年来对氨气、二氧化氮、硫化氢等气体的导电聚合物及其复合物的气敏传感器的研究进展,简要介绍了导电高分子在甲醇、三乙胺、一氧化碳等气体检测中的研究情况,最后展望了导电聚合物在气体传感领域的应用前景。     

Study on pressure drop characteristics of gas-liquid swirl annular flow

Considering the influence of swirl attenuation, the pressure drop characteristics of gas-liquid spiral annular flow are studied, and the pressure drop prediction model of spiral annular flow is deduced. The swirl-straight ratio of pressure drop is defined as the ratio of pressure drop of swirl flow to straight flow, used to characterize the effect of swirl decay on pressure drop. The expression of swirl-straight ratio of pressure drop is derived by the method of dimensional analysis, and it has a strongly dependence on Lockhart-Martinelli coefficient and gas phase Froude number. Finally, the prediction model of pressure drop for gas-liquid swirl annular flow is obtained. The pressure drop characteristics of the swirl annular flow are experimentally studied in a horizontal tube with an inner diameter of 50 mm. The range of the gas superficial velocity is 10—16 m/s and the range of the liquid volume fraction (LVF) is 0.6%—4.8%. Through comparison with experimental data, the relative error of the pressure drop prediction model is within ±15%, which provides a method reference for engineering applications.     

基于光路折叠的室内基线场误差分析方法研究

为了有效开展长距离光电测距类仪器的室内检定工作,在50m高精度导轨上利用1组平面反射镜进行光路折叠,搭建了100m室内基线场。对基线系统的测量误差进行了分析,考虑各项误差的调整精度,将误差分析结果应用到实际光路调整过程中,分析得到对基线长度影响更显著的误差量,并对其进行了控制和调整,提高测量光路的平行性调整精度,最后选择双频激光干涉仪作为长度基准开展验证实验。实验结果表明:通过光路折叠方法可以实现2倍光程倍增,基线系统的精度较高,可进行连续测量,有效地解决了室内基线建立过程中所存在的检测效率低、可重复性差等技术问题。     

引伸计的简述和检修

引伸计是一种测定材料应变数据的测试仪器。本文简要叙述引伸计的组成，原理，优缺点以及检定方法。根据规程，检定引伸计的标准器是引伸计标定器。但由于引伸计的型式较多外加现场检定的限制，可以选择一些实验室现有检具搭建相当于引伸计标定器作用的标准器。本文简述了除引伸计标定器外，利用试验室现有的光栅检具和用量块配合大量程指示表或测微仪代替引伸计标定器来作为检具对引伸计进行检定的方式方法。并且叙述了对于检定不合格的引伸计进行判定，参数设置，机械结构和软件调修。最后提出非接触自动式是未来引伸计发展的方向。