Bioengineering of river earth embankment using natural fibre-based composite-structured geotextiles

A Jute-HDPE composite structured geotextile was developed to improve the performance of earthen structure of river embankment. The optimized geotextiles (430 g/m²) containing 86% natural component (on weight) having better physical, mechanical (tensile strength, 10 kN/m (machine direction) and 18 kN/m (cross direction), index puncture (163 kN) and CBR (1.5 kN)), hydraulic (AOS 178 μ) and endurance properties than 100% HDPE geotextiles. A coconut fibre geotextile net was placed over jute-polyolefin geotextiles to resist washing-off of loose cover soil until the establishment of vegetation. Placing of continuous seamless geotextile tube (weight 196.2 kg/m) filled with moist river sand at the anchor trench-cum-toe guard assisted in safeguarding from eddies. It was observed that initially closed structure of the geotextile assisted in efficient filtration leading to soil stabilization through compactness of soil layer (14 cm thick). The uniqueness of work lies in conversion of closed structure of geotextiles to open-mesh of HDPE slit film on degradation of jute, remained beneath the cover-soil, through which grass root penetrated the geotextiles sheet and riveted both the layers of soil, the cover and the compacted back layers. The remnant synthetic part thus acts as durable reinforcing element and its increased porosity provides breathability for growth of soil flora and fauna. Bermuda grass turf provided very high nailing strength (658.8 kN/m²) with the soil through intertwining of grass roots with durable synthetic network.     

A Comparative Study on the Three-Dimensional Surface Topography for the Polished Surface of Femoral Head

Several surface topographic techniques have been widely used in many manufacturing engineering fields for studying the surface characteristics for the practical application of manufacturing surfaces. In this paper, a polished surface of a femoral head is considered for the compatative study, where the stylusbased technique, the autofocused optical measurement technique, the interferometric technique, and scanning probe microscopy are applied. After the operational principles are introduced, some practical comparative measurements are reported for the polished surface. Some useful comparisons and conclusions are drawn from the comparative study. General guidelines for the 3D surface topography are also given for practical application.     

依托化工学科优势构建具有特色的生物工程专业人才培养方案

本文在对全国高校生物工程专业设置及建设现状分析的基础上,对构建沈阳化工学院具有特色的生物工程专业人才培养方案,即依托该校化学工程、应用化学、机械工程等学科优势,确定以工科为背景,化工学科为优势,生命科学为基础,技能培养为特色,厚基础、宽口径、高素质、技能强的应用型工程技术人才培养方案进行了分析和总结。     

学习科学技术发展史迎接2008年奥运会

本文从中国四大发明谈起，对中国古代科学技术发展史进行了概述，对世界近代和现代科学技术的形成进行了分析，并对中国现代科学技术的形成进行了初探。其中也联系了仪器、控制论、生物工程等热点进行阐述，最终落实到人们应如何迎接奥运会和发展科学技术。     

蔗渣酶解的动力学模型探讨

以压力为２．０ＭＰａ，时间为２０ｍｉｎ的直接加热膨化蔗渣为对象，采用日本ＹａｋｕｌｔＲＳ纤维素酶进行蔗渣酶解实验，探讨了产物抑制情况，分析和判别了反应类型，由结果可以认为该反应属于非竞争型产物抑制反应，可以用Ｍｉｃｈａｅｌｉｓ－Ｍｅｎｔｅｎ方程的修正式来进行模拟。通过蔗渣浓度为（１．９６～８．９６）×１０－２ｇ／ｍＬ，反应时间为２～９６ｈ的４８组实验数据，以最小二乘法回归出模型参数，计算结果与实验值能较好吻合     

Tuning mesenchymal stem cell secretome therapeutic potential through mechanotransduction

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their byproducts have been widely validated as potential therapeutic products for regenerative medicine. The therapeutic effects result mainly from the paracrine activity of MSCs, which consists of the secretion of bioactive molecules, whether dispersed in medium conditioned by cell culture or encapsulated in extracellular vesicles. The composition of the MSC secretome, which represents the set of these secreted cellular products, is crucial for the performance of the desired therapeutic functions. Different cell culture strategies have been employed to adjust the secretome composition of MSCs to obtain the best therapeutic responses for different clinical contexts. However, the manipulation of culture conditions has focused mainly on the use of different biochemical elements for the preconditioning of MSCs and less on the physical conditions of the cell culture environment. Herein, we offer our point of view regarding the importance of the physical properties of cell culture substrates and their mechanotransduction responses in preconditioning the MSCs secretome. We highlight the relevance of studying mechanotransduction events associating cell morphology and the modulation of gene expression to customize and expand the use of MSCs secretomes.     

生物技术在化学工业中的应用

指出了生物技术研究和开发的实用化、商业化的趋势已为传统的化学工业注入新的活力；综述了生物技术在化学工业中的应用，表明生物合成是一种合成化学品的高效新方法，生物技术提供了有机化学品的新来源与生活必需品的新资源；生物技术提供了新的无害化工工艺。     

生物工程专业仪器分析及实验课程教学的讨论

针对仪器分析及实验课程目前存在的问题,结合生物工程专业的特点,我们通过建立"突出应用、简化原理"的理论课程教学体系,采用对实验项目进行改革,提高综合性设计性实验项目的比例,注重实验项目的实用性等多种手段,对生物工程专业仪器分析及实验课程教学进行了一系列的改革,使课程更加符合生命科学研究的主流思想及生物工程专业学生的学习特点。     

Influences of root concentration and suction on Chrysopogon zizanioides reinforcement of soil

The influences of root concentration and suction were investigated on Chrysopogon zizanioides (vetiver grass) root-reinforcement of clayey sand, using suction-monitored direct shear tests at four different suctions ranging from zero to 50 kPa. The vetiver grass specimens were grown in containers for about a year until they showed various root concentrations prior to testing. Of all suctions, soil samples with greater root concentrations had a higher peak strength and were more ductile than those without roots. Unsaturated root-reinforced soils contracted while the non-reinforced soils dilated during shearing. The rate of increase in root cohesion with root concentrations were highest at the suctions around 20 kPa. The rates of increase in shear strength with suction were similar for non-reinforced soils and reinforced soils up to a threshold in root concentration beyond which the rate became slightly smaller. The obtained relationships between root area ratio and strength were used in the infinite slope stability calculation of an instrumented slope based on field pore-water pressure and mini-rhizotron measurements. The analysis showed that in unsaturated condition, the stabilizing effect of suction was greater than that of roots, while in saturated condition, the stabilizing effect of root reinforcement was more important especially for shallower depth.     

Being a Space Architect: Astrotecture™ Projects for NASA

A space architect for NASA for over 25 years and now the founding principal of Astrotecture™, Marc M Cohen highlights how Space Architecture as a discipline differentiates itself from architecture, its terrestrial cousin, by designing structures for the most extreme of environmental conditions. He discusses three design projects undertaken by Astrotecture™ and funded by NASA that emphasise the level of physical problem-solving involved in astronautical design.