Burkholderia thailandensis E264/pBMTL3-tdpR发酵生产抗癌药物ThailandepsinA的研究

在伯克氏菌Bth264野生株产新型抗癌药物Thailandepsin A以及调节基因tdp R正向调控Thailandepsin A生物合成的基础上,利用基因工程菌Bth264/p BMTL3-tdp R发酵生产Thailandepsin A,以提高产量。以0.5%乳糖为诱导剂,确定最佳诱导条件:发酵15 h添加乳糖,诱导时间6 h;通过单因素实验,确定葡萄糖和胰蛋白胨作为碳氮源、装液量65/250 m L以及接种量1%;同时结合优化发酵培养基进行发酵,Thailandepsin A产量达到252.14 mg·L-1,比优化前的产量提高56%;另外在发酵过程中,添加大孔树脂HP-20原位吸附产物,Thailandepsin A产量可达283.75 mg·L-1,比不加树脂提高13.8%;最后,基于RT-PCR和比较Ct值法,基因工程菌和野生菌相比,Thailandepsin A生物合成基因tdp B、tdp C1的转录水平分别提高11.4倍和6.0倍,对应的产量增加4.6倍,从而在很大程度上说明调节基因tdp R的过表达促进生物合成基因转录水平的提高以及产量的增加。     

Isolation and identification of caffeine-degrading bacteria from coffee plantation area

Decaffeination of food and beverage products is in high demand. In this study, a caffeine-degrading bacterium Burkholderia spp. was isolated from coffee plantation area of Chiang Mai province of Thailand. The bacterial isolates were first identified by morphological, physiological, and biochemical tests followed by 16S rDNA analysis. The bacterial isolate of Burkholderia spp. showed 45.5% of caffeine degradation in caffeine containing media (2.5 g/L) after 110 h of incubation period. Burkholderia spp. showed only 2.6% caffeine degradation when exposed to high concentrations of caffeine containing medium (20 g/L). The growth rate of Burkholderia spp. declined with the increase in the caffeine concentration, which indicated the inhibiting effect of caffeine at very high concentrations. The maximum growth rate of 0.053 h^?1 was observed at 2.5 g/L of caffeine. Overall due to high caffeine tolerance and biodegradation of caffeine, Burkholderia spp. can be effectively used to degrade caffeine from agro-industrial wastes targeted for value added food applications and environmental remediation.     

Metabolomic Profiling of Plasma from Melioidosis Patients Using UHPLC-QTOF MS Reveals Novel Biomarkers for Diagnosis

To identify potential biomarkers for improving diagnosis of melioidosis, we compared plasma metabolome profiles of melioidosis patients compared to patients with other bacteremia and controls without active infection, using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the metabolomic profiles of melioidosis patients are distinguishable from bacteremia patients and controls. Using multivariate and univariate analysis, 12 significant metabolites from four lipid classes, acylcarnitine (n = 6), lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) (n = 3), sphingomyelins (SM) (n = 2) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) (n = 1), with significantly higher levels in melioidosis patients than bacteremia patients and controls, were identified. Ten of the 12 metabolites showed area-under-receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) >0.80 when compared both between melioidosis and bacteremia patients, and between melioidosis patients and controls. SM(d18:2/16:0) possessed the largest AUC when compared, both between melioidosis and bacteremia patients (AUC 0.998, sensitivity 100% and specificity 91.7%), and between melioidosis patients and controls (AUC 1.000, sensitivity 96.7% and specificity 100%). Our results indicate that metabolome profiling might serve as a promising approach for diagnosis of melioidosis using patient plasma, with SM(d18:2/16:0) representing a potential biomarker. Since the 12 metabolites were related to various pathways for energy and lipid metabolism, further studies may reveal their possible role in the pathogenesis and host response in melioidosis.     

不同来源Burkholderia菌株对高岭石浸矿效果的影响

通过摇瓶培养实验,研究两株不同来源Burkholderia菌种(BKZ01、BKZ08)对高岭石中Si、Al等主要元素的溶出动力学差异,并结合菌种的生长代谢特性,探明菌种选择性浸出矿物中主要元素的可能生物化学机制。结果表明：BKZ01具有较强代谢产苹果酸与酒石酸的能力,BKZ08不产酒石酸,但代谢产柠檬酸、草酸、胞外多糖与蛋白质的能力相对较强;BKZ01对高岭石中Si的浸出选择性要明显好于BKZ08,其浸出液中SiO₂的含量是BKZ08的1.55倍,而BKZ08对Al的浸出选择性要明显强于BKZ01,其浸出液中Al₂O₃的浓度是BKZ01的2.18倍。分析认为,Burkholderia代谢产物的组分与分泌量差异是影响其选择性浸出高岭石矿物中Al、Si、K、Fe等元素效率的关键因素,其中苹果酸(酒石酸)与柠檬酸(草酸)可分别促进细菌优先释放Si与Al;而蛋白质与多糖对细菌选择性浸出K、Fe有利。     

超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱联用法测定血浆和尿液中米酵菌酸和异米酵菌酸

建立了超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)测定生物样品中米酵菌酸和异米酵菌酸的方法。将米酵菌酸在2 mol/L KOH溶液中100℃加热反应2 h制备异米酵菌酸标准品,并通过与对照品的质谱、色谱、紫外光谱比较而确认。血浆样品用含0.5%氨水的乙腈溶液-甲醇(9∶1,V/V)沉淀除去血浆蛋白,在酸性条件下用正己烷萃取净化;尿液样品使用正己烷在酸性条件下萃取净化。选择Acquity BEH C18色谱柱,以0.05%甲酸-乙腈溶液(V/V)-0.05%甲酸水溶液(V/V)为流动相进行洗脱,电喷雾负离子多离子监测模式(MRM)检测,基质加标标准曲线外标法定量。结果表明:血浆和尿液中米酵菌酸和异米酵菌酸的线性范围均为0.05~10.0μg/L,相关系数大于0.998,平均加标回收率在92%~106%之间,相对标准偏差均为2.4%~13%(n=6),方法的检出限(S/N=3)均为0.02μg/L。该方法简单、灵敏、准确,可用于鉴定椰毒假单胞菌引起的中毒。     

固定化脂肪酶在离子液体中催化合成生物柴油

通过硅胶载体涂布法对细菌Burkholderia cepacia GX-35所产的脂肪酶进行固定化。比较了自制固定化脂肪酶在4种离子液体中催化合成生物柴油的效果,其中文章研究新设计并合成的一种离子液体溴代1-乙基-2-甲基咪唑[EMIM]Br对催化反应起促进作用。通过对转酯率的测定,研究了固定化脂肪酶在[EMIM]Br中的最适反应条件:最适反应温度为35℃,[EMIM]Br加入量为花生油质量分数的60%,最佳醇类为乙醇,加水量为花生油质量分数的5%,乙醇与花生油之比为9∶1,固定化脂肪酶加入量为花生油的20%,反应时间为6 h。固定化脂肪酶在[EMIM]Br中稳定性好,使用6次之后转酯率下降不明显。试验结果表明,与不加[EMIM]Br相比,加[EMIM]Br能有效提高生物柴油的转化率。     

Reaction selectivity of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Burkholderia cepacia</Emphasis> (PS-30) lipase as influenced by monoacylation of <Emphasis Type="Italic">sn</Emphasis>-glycerol

Reaction selectivities were determined in multicompetitive reactions mediated by Burkholderia cepacia lipase (Amano PS-30) at a water activity of 0.19 in hexane. Saturated FA (C4–C18 even chain) and oleic acid (C18∶1) were reacted with a single alcohol, glycerol, α-or β-MAG, containing C4, C10, C16, or C18∶1 individually as alcohol cosubstrate. Similar odrinal patterns of FA selectivity, with C8, C10, and C16 preferred over others, were generally observed for incorporation of FA into specific acylglycerol (AG) pools of the 24 specific cases evaluated. The three exceptions were enrichment of C14 and C18 in the MAG pool with α-C16-MAG, substrate, and a general suppression of >C8 incorporation into the TAG pool for reactions with α-C10- and α-C16-MAG. PS-30 lipase selectivity toward MAG was in descending order: α/β-C4-MAG>β-C10-MAG>β-C16-MAG>α/β-C18∶1-MAG>α-C10-MAG>α-C16-MAG. Selectivity in channeling CX of the original CX-MAG substrates into higher AG species was in descending order: α-C10-MAG∼α-C16-MAG>α-C18∶1-MAG>β-C10-MAG∼β-C16-MAG∼β-C18∶1-MAG >α/β-C4-MAG. Generally, MAG were better acyl donors than FA for esterification reactions leading to DAG formation. These observations are relevant to the design of biocatalytic processes intended to yield specifically structured TAG.     

环糊精促进Burkholderia cepacia转化胆固醇生成胆甾-4-烯-3,6-二酮

Burkholderia cepacia可转化胆固醇生成甾体激素药物前体。通过质谱、红外光谱、核磁共振光谱等技术鉴定出一种有较高医药用价值的转化产物为胆甾-4-烯-3,6-二酮,但胆固醇的疏水性导致其转化得率较低。添加环糊精提高目标产物的转化得率,并考察环糊精对细胞生长及底物包埋情况的影响。分别选取多种环糊精(与胆固醇的摩尔比为1∶1)添加到转化体系,结果表明,甲基-β-环糊精和羟乙基-β-环糊精对提高胆甾-4-烯-3,6-二酮摩尔转化得率效果显著,分别是对照组的27.55倍和37.95倍。进一步优化羟乙基-β-环糊精的添加比例,当其添加量与底物胆固醇的摩尔比为2∶1时,产物胆甾-4-烯-3,6-二酮转化得率是摩尔比为1∶1时的1.59倍。红外光谱表征2 mol羟乙基-β-环糊精与1 mol底物胆固醇的包结络合情况,发现2 mol的羟乙基-β-环糊精可有效对胆固醇甾核的A环、侧链的26-C和27-C进行包被,形成稳定的包结物。羟乙基-β-环糊精可有效包被底物胆固醇,进而提高产物胆甾-4-烯-3,6-二酮的产率,为微生物转化生产胆甾-4-烯-3,6-二酮提供借鉴。     

米酵菌酸的相关检测方法研究进展

米酵菌酸是一种由唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德氏菌椰酵亚种产生的生物毒素,该毒素结构稳定,一般烹调方法不能破坏其毒性,摄入后通常引起人体器官损害甚至死亡。谷类发酵食品（河粉、发酵米粉、玉米面等）,薯类食品（马铃薯粉条、甘薯面）,变质银耳和黑木耳,椰子制品等均易受唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德氏菌椰酵亚种污染。米酵菌酸中毒事件常见于东南亚地区和印度尼西亚,我国近几年来时常发生相关食物中毒事件,并有死亡案例。本文就米酵菌酸的毒理性质、病原学特征和近几年国内米酵菌酸的有关检测方法进行综述,为预防及处置米酵菌酸相关中毒事件提供参考。