Symmetric and asymmetric membranes based on La0.5Sr0.5Fe0.7Ga0.3O3-δ perovskite with high oxygen semipermeation flux performances and identification of the rate-determining step of oxygen transport

This work focuses on identifying the rate-determining step of oxygen transport through La_0.5Sr_0.5Fe_0.7Ga_0.3O_3-δ membranes with symmetric and asymmetric architectures. The best oxygen semipermeation fluxes are 3.4 10⁻³ mol. m^-2.s^-1 and 6.3 10⁻³ mol. m^-2.s^-1 at 900 °C for the symmetric membrane and asymmetric membrane with a modified surface. The asymmetric membrane with a modified surface leads to an increase of approximately 7 times the oxygen flux compared to that obtained with the La_0.5Sr_0.5Fe_0.7Ga_0.3O_3-δ dense membrane without surface modification. This work also shows that the oxygen flux is mainly governed by gaseous oxygen diffusion through the porous support of asymmetric La_0.5Sr_0.5Fe_0.7Ga_0.3O_3-δ membranes.     

氧化石墨烯对VS55冻融过程结晶行为的影响

借助差示扫描量热仪（DSC）和低温显微系统，研究了升降温速率（5、10、25、50和100℃/min）和氧化石墨烯（GO）浓度(0.01、0.1、1和5 mg/ml)对VS55溶液降温过程结晶和升温过程冰晶再生长的影响。结果表明：（1）随着升降温速率的增加，VS55溶液体系在降温过程中的结晶焓H_f以及升温过程中的再结晶焓H_Td都会减小；（2）对浓度为2.1 mol/L的VS55溶液进行降温时，GO浓度越大，其结晶焓H_f越大，且初始冻结温度显著提高；但对4.2 mol/L VS55降温时，其结晶焓H_f会随着GO浓度增加呈现出先减小后增大的特点；8.4 mol/L VS55已完全玻璃化，GO对其没有影响；（3）在升温过程中，GO浓度越高，VS55浓度越低，其溶液体系内冰晶再生长抑制程度越大，如GO浓度为5 mg /ml时，2.1 mol/L VS55溶液添加GO前后再结晶焓的差值ΔH_Td为14.55 J/g，而4.2 mol/L VS55就显著降低到7.95 J/g，接近8.4 mol/L VS55的6.91 J/g。总体来看，GO对VS55溶液降温过程冰晶生长特点的影响主要取决于VS55浓度和GO浓度，但对复温过程反玻璃化或冰晶再生长特点的影响主要取决于VS55浓度、GO浓度以及升降温速率。     

55SiCr弹簧钢中的残留奥氏体与碳化物

通过扫描电镜(SEM)、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、热膨胀仪、洛氏硬度计等手段研究了弹簧钢55SiCr的组织和相变点以及残留奥氏体和碳化物在热处理过程中的组织演变。结果表明:55SiCr弹簧钢淬火后残留奥氏体以块状分布在基体上;随回火温度的升高,残留奥氏体减少并呈粒状和薄膜状分布;C在残留奥氏体中富集,使其稳定性增强;Si抑制了碳化物的析出,提高了残留奥氏体的稳定性。低温回火时,Si延缓了渗碳体析出;高温回火时,C原子扩散速率提高,促进渗碳体析出,引起体积的收缩。慢速加热回火时,C有足够的时间扩散,从而促进渗碳体的形成,使渗碳体的形成温度提前;快速加热回火时,C来不及扩散,抑制了渗碳体的析出。回火加热速率一样时,试验钢的硬度随回火温度的提高而下降。当回火温度为400 ℃时,硬度值最大为51 HRC;当回火温度为650 ℃时,硬度值最小为37 HRC。当加热速率为0.1 ℃/s时,硬度值最小为33 HRC;当加热速率为200 ℃/s时,硬度值最大为40 HRC。     

机插秧田杂草防除试验研究

2013年进行了机插秧田杂草防除试验研究。结果表明:55%吡嘧·丙草胺WP 1125.0 g/hm2封闭效果最理想,药后20,45 d,封闭综合防效分别为93.75%、92.63%,与55%吡嘧·丙草胺WP 750.0~937.5 g/hm2的防效54.38%~75.00%、51.48%~72.88%及对照药剂50%苄·丁·异丙隆WP 1200.0 g/hm2、53%苄嘧·苯噻酰WP 1200.0 g/hm2的防效76.87%~87.50%、72.07%~85.31%差异极显著。在试验剂量条件下,药剂对水稻安全。     

汽车稳定杆用 55Cr3弹簧钢室温旋转弯曲疲劳性能

从汽车稳定杆用钢的实际应用需求出发,采用横向轴向应变控制方法,在应变循环比 R为－1,频率 83Hz和室温环境下,测试了 55Cr3弹簧钢旋转弯曲疲劳性能,得到了试样的 S-N曲线。并通过扫描电镜观察疲劳断口,研究了 55Cr3弹簧钢旋转弯曲疲劳特性。结果显示：生产的汽车稳定杆用 55Cr3弹簧钢具有高纯净度和良好的强度与塑韧性配合,其旋转弯曲疲劳试样的疲劳极限可达 730MPa;在较高应力下,裂纹起源于试样表面因加工刀痕和擦伤等引起的缺陷,且存在多处裂纹源。     

家庭中央净水系统

本文介绍了一种家庭中央净水系统,并与分质供水系统进行了分析比较.认为该系统与目前普遍实行的小区分质供水相比,不仅节省了投资,降低了成本,而且提高了全部生活饮用水水质.     

55CrMo钢感应淬火工艺的数值模拟及工艺优化

借助工艺实验和数值模拟技术,优化了55Cr Mo钢精密滚珠丝杠感应加热及冷却工艺参数,改善了丝杠感应淬火后的淬硬层分布。构建了丝杠单感应圈加热的有限元模型,通过数值模拟得到了单感应圈加热时沟道区域的温度曲线。数值模拟结果表明:沟道区域的温度场分布不合理是导致淬硬层分布不合理的主要原因。针对单感应圈感应淬火工艺的不足,提出了双感应圈加热工艺。数值模拟结果表明,采用双感应圈加热工艺、喷水冷却带宽度为40 mm时,可保证丝杠沟道顶部的淬硬层深度约为6.2 mm,沟道底部的淬硬层深度约为3.0 mm。工艺实验结果表明,丝杠沟道区域的淬硬层分布得到较大的改善,数值模拟结果与工艺实验结果吻合得较好。     

Dissemination strategies and the adoption of improved agricultural technologies: The case of improved cassava varieties in Ghana

Cassava (Manihot esculanta Crantz) is an important tropical root crop for food security and national economies in Africa. In Ghana, it is the most important staple food also used in breweries, bakery and confectionery industries. Several high-yielding and disease resistant improved cassava varieties (ICVs) have been released and are being promoted through diverse dissemination channels. Past studies investigate the role of information in the adoption of agricultural technologies without accounting for the diversity in the dissemination strategies. The paper explores the diversity of dissemination strategies in examining the adoption of improved cassava varieties using a sequential mixed-method approach which combines exploratory interviews and focus group discussions with a questionnaire-based quantitative survey and the Cragg's two-part model. The paper uses data collected from 608 farmers randomly selected from major cassava producing communities in the Ashanti and Brong-Ahafo regions in Ghana, West Africa. The results show statistically significant and identical impact of information through demonstrations, distribution of planting materials, farmer-to-farmer and media on the probability of ICV adoption. Other drivers of adoption are the membership of farmers based organizations (FBO), planting of two or more varieties and having large livestock size. However, ICV adoption and intensity was hampered by household size, distances to the nearest tarred road and market, and grey-skin color. These attributes need to be integral of dissemination campaigns for cassava variety adoption.     

GPR55 Receptor Activation by the N-Acyl Dopamine Family Lipids Induces Apoptosis in Cancer Cells via the Nitric Oxide Synthase (nNOS) Over-Stimulation

GPR55 is a GPCR of the non-CB1/CB2 cannabinoid receptor family, which is activated by lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) and stimulates the proliferation of cancer cells. Anandamide, a bioactive lipid endocannabinoid, acts as a biased agonist of GPR55 and induces cancer cell death, but is unstable and psychoactive. We hypothesized that other endocannabinoids and structurally similar compounds, which are more hydrolytically stable, could also induce cancer cell death via GPR55 activation. We chemically synthesized and tested a set of fatty acid amides and esters for cell death induction via GPR55 activation. The most active compounds appeared to be N-acyl dopamines, especially N-docosahexaenoyl dopamine (DHA-DA). Using a panel of cancer cell lines and a set of receptor and intracellular signal transduction machinery inhibitors together with cell viability, Ca²⁺, NO, ROS (reactive oxygen species) and gene expression measurement, we showed for the first time that for these compounds, the mechanism of cell death induction differed from that published for anandamide and included neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) overstimulation with concomitant oxidative stress induction. The combination of DHA-DA with LPI, which normally stimulates cancer proliferation and is increased in cancer setting, had an increased cytotoxicity for the cancer cells indicating a therapeutic potential.     

New Uni-Resonance Approximation Technique for Reaction Rate of Higher Resonances in Activation Detectors

As a high efficiency solid sample analysis technique based on resonance ionization spectroscopy (RIS). Resonant Laser Ablation (RLA) is available. RLA combines Laser Ablation (LA) and RIS simultaneously with a single laser device. We have proposed the new dosimetry technique for a solid sample based on RLA.

We have attempted the detection of ²⁶Al (T _1/2: 7.2×10⁵yr) produced in the high purity Al irradiated by 14MeV neutrons at Fusion Neutronics Source (FNS). Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute. Some interference effects are observed in the trace element detection experiments. These interference effects interrupt the detection of ²⁶Al. In conclusion. it is difficult that ²⁶Al is recognized clearly. We have mainly discussed the origins and elimination methods of these interference effects to detect the trace elements produced by nuclear reactions.