Effects of high-pressure-modified soy 11S globulin on the gel properties and water-holding capacity of pork batter

The effects of high-pressure-modified soy 11S globulin (0.1, 200, and 400 MPa) on the gel properties, water-holding capacity, and water mobility of pork batter were investigated. The high-pressure-modified soy 11S globulin significantly increased (P < 0.05) the emulsion stability, cooking yield, hardness, springiness, chewiness, resilience, cohesiveness, the a^* and b^* values, and the G′ and G′′ values of pork batter at 80 °C, compared with those of 0.1 MPa-modified globulin. In contrast, the centrifugal loss and initial relaxation time of T_2b, T₂₁, and T₂₂ significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the microstructure was denser, and the voids were smaller and more uniform compared with those of 0.1 MPa-modified globulin. In addition, the sample with 11S globulin modified at 400 MPa had the best water-holding capacity, gel structure, and gel properties among the samples. Overall, the use of high-pressure-modified soy 11S globulin improved the gel properties and water-holding capacity of pork batter, especially under 400 MPa.     

Degradation mechanism of high alumina refractory bricks by reaction with deposits in a rotary kiln for fluxed iron ore pellets production

The formed deposits wear out of refractory wall linings in the rotary kiln and may cause production disturbances. This study describes the chemical composition and mineralogical phase components at the deposit/refractory interface in the rotary kiln for fluxed iron ore pellets production. The main phases of refractory bricks are corundum and mullite, while the deposits mainly contain hematite and silicates. The main phases in the deposit/refractory brick contact zone are hematite, anorthite (CaAl₂Si₂O₈), mullite, corundum, and silicates. Moreover, the hematite phases in the deposit/brick interface averagely contain 6.98 wt% Al and 1.38 wt% Ti. The silicates in the contact zone contain higher aluminium content and lower iron content than the silicates in the deposits. Finally, the thermodynamic analysis indicates that the main phases in the deposits can react with the refractory to form Al₂Fe₂O₆, CaAl₂Si₂O₈, feldspar, and liquid phases lead to the degradation of bricks in the kiln during the iron ore pellets production.     

海藻糖部分替代蔗糖对猪肉脯品质特性的影响

为改善传统猪肉脯的品质特性，采用不同比例（10%、20%、30%、40%）的海藻糖部分替代猪肉脯配料中的蔗糖，测定其总糖含量、pH值、水分、质构特性、色泽、脂肪氧化情况及感官品质等的变化。结果表明：海藻糖部分替代蔗糖，在降低总糖含量的前提下，显著提高猪肉脯的亮度值、红度值和黄度值（P＜0.05），并延缓猪肉脯贮藏期间的褪色，显著降低硫代巴比妥酸反应物值（P＜0.05）；随着海藻糖替代比例的增大，猪肉脯水分含量显著提高，且其中的结合水和不易流动水含量总体呈降低趋势，自由水含量显著提高（P＜0.05），猪肉脯的硬度、咀嚼性和坚实度显著下降（P＜0.05）；海藻糖替代蔗糖比例10%时，猪肉脯的感官品质较佳。     

胶原蛋白-壳聚糖膜的制备及其对猪肉的保鲜作用

为了延缓猪肉的腐坏变质,延长猪肉的保质期,保持猪肉良好的品质,本文研究了没食子酸(GA)改性超声辅助制备的胶原蛋白-壳聚糖复合膜对冷藏猪肉的保鲜效果。在4℃冷藏条件下,采用未经过膜包裹(对照组)和GA改性超声膜包裹(膜包裹组)2种方式处理猪肉样品,并贮藏10d,检测其p H值、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)值、细菌总数、质构、色差ΔE值,以及感官质量。结果表明,对照组和膜包裹组猪肉的p H值、TVB-N、细菌总数、色差ΔE均随着贮存时间的增加而上升,但是膜包裹组的数值比对照组分别低了8.39%、26.18%、17.54%和8.23%,得出膜包裹处理可以显著降低碱性含氮物质和细菌产生的数量以及减缓颜色的变差(p<0.05)。对照组和膜包裹组猪肉的硬度、弹性和感官指标均随着贮存时间的增加而下降,但是膜包裹组的数值比对照组分别高了80.01%、18.66%和160.38%,得出膜包裹处理可以显著改善猪肉的质构和感官指标(p<0.05)。由此说明,膜包裹处理可以通过抑制p H值、TVB-N和细菌总数的增高,有效延缓猪肉的腐坏变质,延长猪肉的保质期。而且,经膜包裹处理10d后的猪肉仍然具有良好的质构、颜色和感官品质。     

Modelling the cross‐contamination of Listeria monocytogenes in pork during bowl chopping

This study has developed a predictive model for the cross‐contamination of pork by Listeria monocytogenes during bowl chopping. The transfer rates of L. monocytogenes were measured in sixteen chopping scenarios based on practical work. Meanwhile, contaminated bowl chopper was cleaned with either a dry rag (DR), warm water (WW) or 70% ethanol + water (EW), respectively. It was showed that significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed among the three cleaning methods on the reduction of L. monocytogenes, the greatest log reduction being achieved by EW. Moreover, the model introduced by a previous study, predicting cross‐contamination of L. monocytogenes during meat slicing, was improved and validated in this study. Verification results showed that the improved model was acceptable for predicting L. monocytogenes cross‐contamination during pork chopping with coefficients of determination (R² > 0.82), accuracy factors (A_f < 1.44), bias factors (B_f < 1.42), and root mean square error (RMSE < 0.99). Furthermore, the modified model might provide an effective tool for assessing the risk of the cross‐contamination of meat products.     

金银花提取物对冷却肉中假单胞菌黏附性的影响

研究冷却肉中假单胞菌的黏附能力及金银花提取物的降黏附效果。结果表明：从15 份市售冷却肉中分离 得到46 株假单胞菌，经16S rDNA结合VITEK 2系统鉴定为恶臭假单胞菌22 株，占47.8%；荧光假单胞菌10 株，占 21.7%；铜绿假单胞菌6 株，占13.0%；浅黄假单胞菌8 株，占17.4%；33 株（71.7%）假单胞菌具有黏附能力，具有 强黏附能力的菌株占17.4%，其中恶臭假单胞菌数量最多；金银花提取物能够降低4 种假单胞菌的黏附能力，且对 恶臭假单胞菌5-3和铜绿假单胞菌5-1作用效果更强，作用效果与金银花提取物质量浓度有关；金银花提取物质量浓 度高于最小抑菌质量浓度（minimum inhibitory concentration，MIC）时，主要通过抑制菌体生长、减少胞外多糖产 生而降低假单胞菌的黏附能力；金银花提取物质量浓度低于MIC时，主要通过溶解菌体胞外多糖、增强通透性、降 低均匀度而降低假单胞菌的黏附能力。     

空气解冻温度对猪里脊肉品质的影响

以冷冻猪里脊肉为研究对象，在4、12、20、30 ℃温度条件下对其进行空气解冻，测定猪里脊肉解冻时 间、汁液流失率、蒸煮损失率、保水性、pH值、色泽、水分分布、质构和微观结构等特性变化。结果表明：猪里 脊肉汁液流失率与解冻时间呈非线性关系；12、20 ℃空气解冻对猪里脊肉的保水性影响较小；不同空气解冻温 度对猪里脊肉pH值、亮度值和红度值无显著影响；30 ℃空气解冻对猪里脊肉中不易流动水影响最小，稳定性 最好，其次为20、4、12 ℃；与对照组鲜肉相比，不同温度空气解冻处理组猪里脊肉蒸煮后硬度存在显著差异 （P＜0.05）；12 ℃空气解冻后猪里脊肉中肌纤维间空隙变大。不同空气解冻温度对猪里脊肉品质的影响存在 差异性。     

列车贮藏方式对生猪肉原料新鲜度的影响研究

探究夏季高温期某铁路局集团公司旅客列车贮藏条件下生猪肉原料的品质变化,为改善餐车生猪肉保存及取用方式、保障旅客列车食品安全提供可靠依据。在实验室条件下模拟该列车餐车实际条件下生猪肉贮藏及取用方式:将生猪肉分别在4℃(冷藏)和-10℃(冷冻)两种条件下贮藏,再解冻,使用,再贮藏。通过猪肉的色泽、气味、组织状态感官指标以及挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)、硫化氢、球蛋白沉淀理化指标的变化为依据,来评价猪肉的新鲜度。结果表明:夏季高温期间,该铁路局集团公司列车生猪肉原料,在4℃冷藏贮存条件下,有2d保质期,在-10℃冷冻贮藏条件下,10d内猪肉品质能够保持新鲜,满足铁路运输的时限要求。该铁路公司列车贮藏和使用生猪肉符合规范,用肉时限在保质期范围内,能够保证全年时段肉质新鲜安全。为保障铁路旅客的食品安全,生猪肉原料应贮存在制冷效果良好的冷冻冰箱内,取用肉类置于冷藏保存的,应在2d内使用完毕。