Potentiality of Indian pineapple leaf fiber for apparels

The use of textile-grade fiber extracted from the Indian pineapple leaf is an unexplored area. Pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) is fine, soft, and moderately strong and is much acceptable for fashion garment. An attempt has been made to extract and soften Indian PALF from the pineapple leaves by decortication and subsequent water retting. Decorticated cum retted fiber has shown better physicomechanical and surface appearance properties than decorticated fiber. Fine yarn (38 tex) was spun in a suitable spinning system, and the property performance was found to be suitable to make eco-sustainable novelty fabric. Fabric was developed by using cotton as warp yarn and PALF-based yarn as weft in a handloom. The developed fabric shows very good physical and mechanical properties, desired for apparels. This inferred that Indian PALF may be successfully used to make eco-niche apparel quality fabric as well as novelty textiles.     

生丝练减率测试取样方法的实验研究

为了确定练减率测试样丝的取样方法,对练减率测试样丝抽取方法开展了比对实验研究,实验结果表明,从25绞品质样丝中卷取的练减率测试样丝,具有检测结果稳定、样本量检测成本低等优点.     

酶法用于茶油脱胶的研究

酶法脱胶是一种环保、经济的生化脱胶新技术。利用新型磷酯酶Lecitase Ultra对毛茶油（磷酯含量为304mg／kg）进行脱胶研究，确定最佳反应条件：pH值4．8，加酶量50mg／kg油，温度45℃，反应时间为5．0h，磷酯含量降到10．47mg／kg。研究结果表明：Lecitase Uhra脱胶达到了良好的脱胶效果。     

Minor Components in Canola Oil and Effects of Refining on These Constituents: A Review

Crude canola oil is composed mainly of triacylglycerols but contains considerable amounts of desirable and undesirable minor components. Crude canola oil is refined in order to remove undesirable minor compounds that make this oil unusable in food products. However, refining can also cause the removal of desirable health-promoting minor components from the oil. The first section of this review describes the chemical composition of canola oil, followed by a brief introduction to the effects of minor components on canola oil quality and stability. Following a review of traditional canola oil refining methods, the effects of individual refining stages on the removal of both desirable and undesirable components from canola oil are presented and contrasted with other common vegetable oils.     

苎麻土法化学脱胶工艺的改进

依据苎麻化学脱胶的原理,分析苎麻化学脱胶的特点,剖析苎麻土法化学脱胶质量差的原因,有针对性地对其脱胶工艺进行改进。解决了苎麻土法化学脱胶质量差而不符合国家质量要求的难题。     

Evaluation of surfactant-aided degumming of vegetable oils by membrane technology

The first step in the process of vegetable oil refining is degumming, in which phospholipids and mucilaginous gums are removed that otherwise result in a low-grade oil. A membrane process is remarkably simple yet potentially offers many advantages in degumming. Studies were conducted on surfactant-aided membrane degumming with soybean and rapeseed oils in a magnetically stirred flat membrane batch cell with different types of microfiltration membranes. The reduction of phospholipids in soybean oil was in the range of 85.8–92.8% during the membrane process. The phosphorus content of membrane permeates of soybean oil was in the range of 20–58 mg/kg. Crude rapeseed oil contained higher amount of nonhydratable phospholipids and hence resulted in lower reduction in phospholipids, in the range of 66.4–83.2%. Addition of hydratable phospholipids could improve the efficiency of degumming in the membrane process without using any electrolyte, resulting in improvement of quality as well as quantity of the phospholipids.     

桑蚕丝织物茶皂素脱胶工艺研究

为减轻桑蚕丝化学脱胶造成的环境污染,节能降耗,采用茶皂素冷轧堆工艺对桑蚕丝织物进行脱胶处理,通过正交试验分析了茶皂素质量浓度、氢氧化钠质量浓度、保险粉质量浓度、堆置时间对织物练减率及白度的影响,得出茶皂素冷轧堆脱胶最佳工艺为:氢氧化钠8 g/L,茶皂素7 g/L,保险粉3 g/L,堆置时间18 h。结果表明,织物经茶皂素冷轧堆脱胶后,可以达到与传统的皂碱煮沸脱胶法相近的白度、毛效和练减率,断裂强力略有降低,但是织物弹性提高。     

Studies on distribution of filament length and non-broken filament length for tropical tasar and muga silk cocoons vis-à-vis mulberry silk cocoons

Non-broken filament length (NBFL) is one of the most important quality parameter of silk cocoon because it is directly proportional to reeling speed. Due to excessive breaks during withdrawal of filament from tasar cocoons, the average NBFL ranges from 150 to 175 m. The average NBFL of muga cocoon is at par with tasar cocoons because of lower filament length. In case of mulberry silk cocoons, the average NBFL is above 450 m due to higher filament length and occurrence of very few breaks during reeling. The statistical term skewness denotes the asymmetry in distribution of data. The maximum frequency i.e. mode value for NBFL of tasar and muga cocoons is lower than median and average and hence the skewness is positive. In case of mulberry varieties, negative value of skewness is observed as the mode value is higher than median and average. This parameter establishes the reason for higher reeling speed about 100 m/min for mulberry cocoons as against only 25 m/min in case of tasar and muga cocoons.     

Optimization of the Degumming Process for Aqueous-Extracted Wild Almond Oil

Wild almond (Amygdalus scoparia) oil is rich in oleic acid and, considering both nutritional and stability points of view, it can be utilized for future food applications. In the current study, acid degumming was investigated based on a method by response surface methodology using four degumming parameters, namely the amount of phosphoric acid (0.0–0.2%, w/w), the amount of water (1.0–5.0%, w/w), degumming temperature (30–70 °C), and degumming time (10–50 min). Optimum conditions for the minimum phosphorus level in the oil were found to be 0.15% phosphoric acid, 3.0% water, 40 °C degumming temperature, and 28 min degumming time, resulting in an almost complete removal of phosphorus. The final degummed wild almond oil had less than 1 mg kg⁻¹ phosphorus (reduced from an original value of 206 mg kg⁻¹). The experimental value of phosphorus reduction at optimum conditions agreed well with that predicted by the model. Peroxide value, anisidine value, iron, copper, and lead contents, phytosterols, unsaponifiable matter, and color of the oil decreased significantly during the degumming process; however, the fatty acid composition did not change. Also, degumming did not significantly impact the free fatty acid level, refractive index, density, iodine value, and the saponification value of the oil. However, tocopherols and the oxidative stability of the oil increased during degumming. Crude wild almond oil contained a trace level of amygdalin, which was completely eliminated during the degumming process.     

Evaluation of phosphoglycolipid elimination from rice bran oil by a nonporous membrane using NMR spectroscopy

The presence of phosphoglycolipids (PGL) in degummed rice bran oil (RBO) affects the color in the subsequent refining process, posing problems in producing a final product of acceptable quality. A nonporous membrane could achieve near complete removal of phospholipids even under hexane‐diluted conditions, including PGL present in RBO. PGL from glycolipid fractions isolated from various membrane process stream samples, analyzed by ¹H, ¹³C and ³¹P NMR spectroscopic techniques, indicated the absence of PGL in the permeate, besides identifying them to be oleates/linoleates of phosphatidic acid. Hence, the efficacy of a nonporous membrane in the removal of PGL suggests its application for effective degumming of crude RBO.