Frozen mirabelle plum drying: Kinetics, modelling and impact on biochemical properties

The aim of this research was to study and model the kinetics of the hot air drying of frozen mirabelle plums. Effects of temperature (50-85 °C), air velocity (0.6-1.2 m/s) and a pre-treatment (ascorbic acid + sucrose-saturated solution) were investigated. The sorption isotherm and heat of sorption of mirabelle plum were mathematically described respectively by the Guggenheim, Anderson and de Boer (GAB) model and a new one. Depending on temperature and air velocities, the effective diffusivity and the energy of activation were respectively in the range of 8-16.8 × 10⁻¹⁰ m² s⁻¹ and 43.7-55.14 kJ mol⁻¹. To establish the model best adapted to describe this process the fit quality of five models (Newton, page, modified page, logarithmic and diffusion) were evaluated and compared. The diffusion model led to low values of reduced χ-square, mean square root and mean relative deviation modulus with the highest linear regression coefficient. This model was validated in a large range of operating conditions and represents an excellent tool to predict the duration of this process. The pre-treatment preserves biochemical properties of the dried mirabelle plums (reducing sugar content, total phenolic compounds and anti-oxidant activity).     

江南名镇船菜的经营现状及思考——以常州芙蓉镇为例

常州芙蓉镇素被誉为江南"鱼米之乡",物产丰富,尤以生产、烹制虾和螺丝著称。现今,船菜馆已成为芙蓉镇最热门的餐饮经营方式。芙蓉镇的船菜经营呈现出家庭式的特点,具体表现在菜价适中、菜式简单、菜名朴实、规模偏小等方面;但还存在着缺乏包装,层次偏低的现象,需整合开发,逐步提升影响力。     

浅议富荣盐场的近代化

17世纪开始于西欧的近代化是世界性的历史潮流,包括工业化、知识结构的近代化、政治领域的近代化、文化的世俗化、城市化。中国在1840年被撞开大门后,这股潮流把中国拽入其中,被迫跟着走,中国由此开始了以近代化为契机的变革。19世纪初以来,富荣盐场因为丰富的盐卤资源和井盐业之影响,已受到清政府和工商业者的重视,井盐业赢得了发展并融入近代化的历史潮流中。在这一过程中,富荣盐场由于生产历史悠久、行业分工细、井盐科技领先和较早实行股份经营等原因,并表现出自身发展的独特特点。     

Computational modelling of the transport phenomena occurring during convective drying of prunes

A mathematical model was developed to describe the coupled heat, mass and momentum transfer processes occurring in convective drying of prunes. In this model, the fruit is represented as a composite ellipsoidal body comprising of two materials (flesh and stone) having different properties. The model accounts for the variation of both air and food properties expressed as a function of temperature and moisture content. The resulting systems of transient non-linear partial differential equations (PDEs) in the space–time domain together with the set of initial and boundary conditions were numerically solved by utilising the finite element method (FEM) coupled to the Arbitrary Lagrange–Eulerian (ALE) procedure to account for the shrinkage phenomenon using a commercial package (COMSOL Multi-physics™, Comsol AB, Stockholm, Sweden).     

Sugars and organic acids in Japanese plums (Prunus salicinaLindell) as influenced by maturation, harvest date, storage temperature and period

The effects of fruit maturation, harvest date, storage temperature, storage period and shelf life, on the concentrations of individual sugars and organic acids in Japanese plums were investigated. During fruit maturation in 'Amber Jewel' plums, sucrose concentration increased significantly from 101 days after full bloom (DAFB) to 1 week after commercial maturity (136 DAFB) with a non-significant change in the concentration of total organic acids and malic acid, the major organic acid. The changes in concentrations of sugars and organic acids during cold storage of 'Amber Jewel' plums harvested on 129 and 136 DAFB appeared to be independent of harvest date. Storage of 'Amber Jewel' plums at 5 °C accelerated the loss of sucrose and increased the concentrations of fructose and glucose from the 4^th week of storage compared with those stored at 0 °C. 'Blackamber' plums did not undergo any significant increase in the total and individual sugars during 5 weeks storage and subsequent shelf-life of 8 days at 20 °C. Malic acid concentrations declined during storage from 3 weeks onwards with a further substantial loss during ripening at 20 °C. Maturation, harvest date, storage temperature, storage period and shelf-life affect the concentrations of sugars and organic acids in Japanese plums.     

四川盆地及邻区中上寒武统洗象池群碳同位素特征与芙蓉统底界标志

四川盆地中上寒武统洗象池群为一套以台地相为主的白云岩,过去一直未能找到有效的方法来确定上寒武统的底界标志,导致对该层位的天然气勘探工作较为滞后。以岩屑碳氧同位素剖面的建立为依托,发现洗象池群中部存在着碳同位素正漂移事件且这一现象可全球比对,可作为识别芙蓉统(相当于上寒武统)的重要标志。进而结合电性曲线特征,确定了芙蓉统底界的划分标志,初步找到了解决芙蓉统划分难题的方案。研究结果表明:(1)洗象池群沉积时该区古地貌为西高东低的缓坡碳酸盐岩台地,沉积了一套西薄东厚的薄层—中厚层白云岩地层,纵向上可分4个层段;(2)四川盆地及邻区芙蓉统底界划分标志可以由碳同位素SPICE(Steptoean Positive Carbon Isotope Excursion)事件与电性曲线特征结合来确定;(3)芙蓉统底界的碳同位素标志是区域可对比的正漂移所对应的SPICE事件,电性标志是SPICE事件对应的洗象池群中部自然伽马值低峰,而岩性标志则是该自然伽马值低峰所对应的泥质云岩。该研究成果有助于对该盆地及其邻区洗象池群的进一步细分并推进其沉积演化与储层分布规律研究,以加快对该层系的勘探步伐。     

长沙交通网络空间分布调查与研究——以芙蓉中路“道路血栓”为例

长沙市城市道路交通量空间分布呈现中心区高负荷,依次向外围递减,过江交通高负荷,并以橘子洲大桥和银盆岭大桥为中心沿湘江向南北依次递减。芙蓉路作为市区惟一贯通的纵向主干道,集过境、进出及内部集散等多种功能于一体。本文针对芙蓉中路的交通状况展开全面的调查,试图找出造成芙蓉中路拥堵不畅的关键因素,即诊断出芙蓉中路“道路血栓”的形成原因。     

低温胁迫和变温处理对李子生理特性的影响

研究了低温胁迫和变温处理对李子生理代谢的影响。揭示了李子冷害的生理特性和变温处理的影响机制，分析比较了间歇升温和逐步降温两种变温模式对控制李子冷害的效果。结果表明，－0．5－0℃对李子具有低温胁迫作用，冷害引起细胞膜透性快速增大，MDA含量的急剧上升，打破PGPE酶平衡系统，引起果胶质代谢紊乱。间歇升温即－0．5－0℃贮藏15d，升温至18－20℃保持1d，然后转回－0．5－0℃，如此重复，可抑制细胞膜透性的增大和膜脂过氧化程度的提高，维持PGPE酶代谢平衡，为最佳变温模式。     

Variations in proanthocyanidins of japanese-type plums during maturation and storage

Proanthocyanidins in epicarp and mesocarp tissue of dark-red-fleshed (Rubysweet) and yellow-fleshed (Byrongold) plums remained unchanged during the third stage of fruit development and storage of green and midripe fruit for 6 days at 18 °C, 80% RH. Differences were significant by cultivar and tissue type. Red-fleshed plums and epicarps of both cultivars contained greater quantities of proanthocyanidins. Degree of polymerization, indicated by vanillin/proanthocyanidin ratios, did not increase in either cultivar with maturity or storage time.