The production of Indo-Pacific monochrome drawn glass beads in the Sasanian Empire: Insights from Xinjiang,northwest China

Indo-Pacific glass beads are produced by the drawn technique, which originates from South Asia, and their chemical compositions are unique in South and Southeast Asia. However, a small number of Indo-Pacific beads with Sassanian glass compositions are excavated in Asia and Africa after the 3rd c. CE, and their production sites in South/Southeast Asia or in the Sassanian region remain controversial. In this study, 15 drawn glass beads with various colours from Astana necropolis (ca. the 4th-8th c. CE) in Xinjiang, northwest China were investigated by using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), Scanning Electron Microscope, Raman spectroscopy and visible to near-infrared spectroscopy to characterize the production technology and origins. The results show that most Astana glass beads share similar chemical compositions with the glassware from Veh Arda?īr, a famous Sasanian site. Furthermore, Sasanian glass compositions predominate in Indo-Pacific beads in Xinjiang during the 4th-8th c. CE, while popular glass recipes in contemporary South/Southeast Asia are infrequently found; thus, it is deduced that the drawn method should have been mastered by Sasanian craftsmen. Moreover, the cobalt materials in Sasanian glass were imported from further western regions and changed over time. The popular Sasanian glass across central Eurasia reflects the trade monopoly of Sasanian in West and Central Asia, and the land glass bead trade is distinct from the contemporary maritime trade in the Indian and Pacific Oceans.     

Preparation of immunomagnetic beads coupled with a rhodamine hydrazine immunosensor for the detection of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in bovine feces,milk, and colostrum

The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a method for detecting Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) bacteria in bovine fecal, milk, and colostrum samples using immunomagnetic beads (IMB) and a rhodamine hydrazone immunosensor. Immunomagnetic beads were prepared by using purified antibodies from hyperimmunized sera that were coupled to Fe nanoparticles with diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) or ethyl (dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC)-N-hydroxy succinimide (NHS) as linkers. Rhodamine hydrazone particles were synthesized and coupled to IgY anti-MAP antibodies using DTPA or EDC-NHS linkers. Separation efficiency of the IMB was tested on bovine fecal, milk, and colostrum samples experimentally contaminated with MAP. The studied methods were evaluated on their ability to detect MAP and separate bacteria in complex mediums. The ELISA results indicated 95% efficacy in antibody coupling to IMB, with the DTPA-IMB method being more efficient than the EDC-NHS-IMB method. By using the DTPA-IMB method, MAP bacteria were successfully recovered from fecal, milk, and colostrum samples. The DTPA-IMB method used in combination with the rhodamine hydrazone immunosensor had a limit of detection equal to 30 and 30,000 MAP cells/mL using chromogenic and fluorescent properties, respectively. Combining the DTPA-IMB separation method with the rhodamine hydrazone immunosensor provides a fast, sensitive, and cost-beneficial method for detecting MAP in bovine feces, milk, and colostrum.     

Characterization of the structure and diffusion behavior of calcium alginate gel beads

A simple and novel method using gel shrinkage to indirectly characterize the structure of calcium alginate gel (CAG) beads during the calcium alginate gelation process was presented in this study. The effect of preparation process parameters (gelling cations, bead diameter, and alginate M _w and concentration) on the structure of the CAG bead formation process was thoroughly investigated. It was found that (a) the concentration of the Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ ion in gel bath was found to be the determining factor in the gel structure formation process by regulating the dissociation of alginate and the complexation of the calcium; (b) Na⁺ acts as a competitor with calcium and a screen in the electrostatic repulsion; (c) the effect of beads size below 700 μm on the structure of CAG beads can be neglected; and (d) the sodium alginate concentration has no significant effect on the gel formation process. Furthermore, the diffusion of bovine serum albumin (BSA) was controlled by the density of CAG bead. Consequently, a faster diffusion rate of BSA within the looser structure of beads can be observed. These results are keys to understanding the behavior and performance of beads in their utilization medium. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48923.     

Co-Free High-Entropy Alloys Powders Immobilized by Electrospray and Microf luidics for Decolorization of Azo Dye

In recent years,high-entropy alloys(HEAs) have received more and more attention due to their unique microstructure and properties.Several researchers have reported that some ball-milled(BM) HEAs powders possess prominent decolorization performance for azo dyes.Three kinds of Co-free HEA powders(AlCrFeMn,AlCrFeNi and FeCrNiMn) have been synthesized by ball milling in this work,of which AlCrFeMn shows the best decolorization efficiency for DB6 aqueous solution.However,at this time,the BM HEAs are in powder state and not easy to be reused,so the loss rate of the powders is high during the reaction.Sometimes,the reaction between reacted the powders and the dye solution is too fast to control.While,in order to solve these problems,this work proposes to immobilize bare BM AlCrFeMn HEA powders in calcium alginate beads(CAB s) by electrospray and microfluidics.Through four cycles of reaction,the loss rate of the AlCrFeMn powders can be reduced from 40 to 5 wt% if the powders are immobilized by CABs with an average diameter of 0.55 mm obtained at the DC voltage of 30 kV.In addition,in the four cycles of experiment,the AlCrFeMn HEA-CABs with an average diameter of0.55 mm shows better stability and easier separation than that of the bare AlCrFeMn powders.These findings provide new ideas for HEAs to decolorize azo dyes and are of great significance for protecting freshwater resources.     

Toward a continuous synthesis of porous carbon xerogel beads

A continuous process for producing porous carbon xerogel beads has been developed. It consists in injecting a pre‐cured aqueous solution of resorcinol and formaldehyde on top of a column filled with hot oleic acid. The latter is pumped on the top of the column and fed at the bottom, generating an upward flow that can be adjusted to match the terminal velocity of the settling beads. Thus, the bead residence time in the column can be adjusted to match the gelation time, allowing the beads to solidify before reaching the bottom of the vessel. The obtained beads are subsequently dried and pyrolyzed. The developed experimental setup proved the continuous synthesis of porous carbon beads is possible. Nevertheless, the shaping process caused various texture changes of the porous carbon, which mainly yields macropores instead of micro and mesopores. This process also leads to the build‐up of a denser skin around the beads. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 1049–1058, 2018     

磁珠分选原理与分选试验研究

在对磁珠的磁选原理和磁选动力学分析的基础上，得出了磁珠在磁场中所受磁力和从磁选机中分离出磁珠所需磁力的计算公式，给出了不同分选次数和分选工艺的分选效果，得出了采用弱磁场磁选机能够有效回收粉煤灰中磁珠的重要结论。     

偕胺肟螯合树脂的合成研究及铀吸附性能测定

采用悬浮聚合的方法成功地合成了以二乙烯苯（DVB）交联丙烯腈（AN）共聚物为骨架的胺肟大孔螯合树脂。较详尽地研究了DVB－AN珠体胺肟化反应的影响因素：反应介质、反应比、反应温度、反应时间等，成功地制备了不同物理性能和不同单体组成的共聚物及胺肟螯合树脂，并且探讨了交联剂、致扎利、极性单体等因素对树脂的化学交换容量的影响。在本文描述的实验条件下，胺肟螯合树脂（干）的化学交换容量达到4．0mmol／g以上，经初步测定铀吸附性能取得了理想结果。     

瓷珠曝气生物滤池去除源水中氨氮研究

采用以瓷珠为填料的曝气生物滤池(BAF)预处理某高氨氮源水,结果表明,在气水比为1∶1、滤速为5. 5m/h、水温>10℃的条件下,当进水氨氮<5mg/L时BAF对氨氮的去除率为70% ~90%,反应器中存在一定的亚硝酸氮积累;反冲洗周期对氨氮的去除率有较大影响。     

新型轻质玻化微珠墙体保温板的性能研究

玻化微珠是一种具有质轻、保温、隔热、防火和耐久性好等诸多优点的新型无机轻质骨料、以玻化微珠为轻质骨料,108胶和水泥为胶粘剂,掺加适量的粉煤灰、纤维及防水剂,经模压成型制备玻化微珠墙体保温板。通过正交试验进行试验配比优化,同时研究成型压力、水泥掺量、粉煤灰取代量和纤维掺量对玻化微珠保温板性能的影响;通过SEM扫描电镜对玻化微珠保温板进行内部微观形貌观察,研究界面结合情况以及断面微观形貌,并探讨相关作用机理,试验最终得出玻化微珠保温板最佳工艺参数为：成型压力0．78MPa、水泥掺量60％、粉煤灰取代量20％、纤维掺量1．0％。