柿叶总黄酮缓释微丸累积释药率的测定

采用紫外-可见分光光度法测定了柿叶总黄酮缓释微丸在人工胃液和磷酸盐缓冲液(pH=6.8)中的累积释药率,并分别对其释药模型进行拟合.结果显示缓释微丸在磷酸盐缓冲液中12h的累积释药率为83.22%,释药模型符合Higuchi方程;在人工胃液中12h的累积释药率为55.42%,释药模型为Higuchi方程.相较于人工胃液,柿叶总黄酮缓释微丸在磷酸盐缓冲液中具有良好的释药性能.     

Recovery of Gold from Hydrochloric Acid by means of Selective Coagulation with Persimmon Extract

Abstract

Gold was selectively precipitated with solution of persimmon extract which contains persimmon tannin, a kind of polyphenol. Quantitative recovery of gold was achieved in the concentration range of hydrochloric lower than 0.5 mol · dm^?3. X-ray diffraction analysis and a digital micrograph of the filtered cake indicated the formation of gold particle during recovery process. High selectivity of persimmon extract is ascribed to the reduction of Au(III) to elemental form.     

Dietary fibre components,antioxidant activities and hydration properties of ripe persimmon (Diospyros kaki L. cv. Daebong) peel powders as affected by different washing treatments

Dietary fibre components, hydration properties and antioxidant activities such as 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, reducing power, metal chelating and 2,2′‐azino‐bis,3‐ethyl‐benzo‐thiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities of persimmon peel powders using different washing treatments (tap water at 20 °C and hot water) were investigated. Peel powder obtained from hot water‐washed peels (74.95 g per 100 g) had higher dietary fibre content than tap water‐washed (65.50 g per 100 g) and unwashed (60.99 g per 100 g) peels. The higher content of total phenolic and ascorbic acid were found in peel powder obtained from unwashed peels, whereas washed peels had more β‐carotene content. The EC₅₀ values of scavenging DPPH and ABTS radical for peel powders obtained from unwashed, tap water‐washed and hot water‐washed peels were 75.44, 142.18 and 110.17 μg mL^?1 respectively and 5.31, 5.34 and 5.39 μg mL^?1 respectively. Therefore, hot water washing is recommended to obtain better quality products from persimmon peel for use as a fibre supplement.     

红金果醋饮料的开发

利用现代生物工程技术和食品加工技术,以发酵的柿子醋、精制的山楂浓缩汁和白砂糖、蜂蜜、 果葡糖浆等为原料,经调配、澄清、灌装、杀菌等工艺制成富含多种营养的保健饮料。     

蜂蜜-柿子汁发酵饮料的研制

研究了蜂蜜、柿子汁发酵饮料的制作工艺及酵母菌、醋酸菌接种量、醋酸发酵温度和发酵时间对产品感官质量的影响。结果表明:含糖量25%的蜂蜜、柿子汁为原料,接种3%的酵母菌种子液,28℃发酵4d,然后接种5%的醋酸菌种子液,32℃条件下发酵6d得到的发酵饮料,具有蜂蜜和柿果的清香味,质量和口感最好。     

柿坠加工的工艺研究

研究了柿坠的加工工艺以改进产品质量。     

Radical scavenging activity and phenolic compounds in persimmon (Diospyros kaki L. cv. Mopan)

ABSTRACT:  The Mopan persimmon ( Diospyros kaki L. cv. Mopan) is the major cultivar of astringent persimmon in northern China. This study investigates the radical scavenging activity against ABTS and DPPH radical, and the content of total and individual phenolics (catechin, epicatechin, epigallocatechin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and gallic acid) with apple, grape, and tomato as controls. The radical scavenging activities against ABTS and DPPH radicals of the Mopan persimmon are 23.575 and 22.597 μm trolox eq/g f.w., respectively. These findings suggest that the Mopan persimmon's antioxidant activity is significantly ( P < 0.05) stronger than that of reference materials. The Mopan persimmon showed the highest content of total phenolics among the 4 materials tested. Significant correlations ( R ²= 0.993, P < 0.05, ABTS radical; R ²= 0.980, P < 0.05, DPPH radical) are found between the total phenolics and the radical scavenging activities. The total content of these 6 kinds of phenolics (catechin, epicatechin, epigallocatechin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and gallic acid) is significantly correlated ( R ²= 0.831, P < 0.05, ABTS radical; R ²= 0.745, P < 0.05, DPPH radical) with the individual radical scavenging activity of the 4 materials, although the total content of the 6 phenolics accounts for no more than 20% of the total phenolics in the Mopan persimmon. Gallic acid exhibits the strongest antioxidant activity in all 6 kinds of phenolics and its content is the largest in the Mopan persimmon, presumably being responsible for its much higher antioxidant activity as compared to apple, grape, and tomato.     

不同品种柿果成熟过程中果胶与单宁相互作用对其脱涩的影响

本文通过电子舌评价柿果胶与柿单宁体外相互作用的涩味强度,结果显示柿果胶能显著降低柿单宁涩味。为验证柿果成熟过程中果胶与单宁的相互作用是否是导致其脱涩的原因之一,本文研究了不同品种柿果(日本甜柿上西早生、中国甜柿鄂柿一号、涩柿恭城水柿)在成熟过程中的单宁及果胶含量变化及涩味变化,结合切片染色观察单宁果胶的形态分布,讨论了不同品种柿果成熟过程中果胶与单宁互作对其脱涩的影响。切片染色结果表明3品种柿果在成熟过程中单宁和果胶有可能相互接触并结合;2种甜柿的可溶性单宁含量在其成熟过程中均能降至0.1%以下,涩柿的可溶性单宁含量降至0.4%,3种柿果的水溶性果胶含量并未完全呈上升趋势,表明可溶性单宁可能与水溶性果胶结合,二者的结合是引起柿果脱涩的因素之一,且对不同品种柿果的影响程度不一。     

一株醋酸菌的分离鉴定及冬枣醋发酵条件的优化

通过选择性培养方法从柿子醋醋醅中分离醋酸菌,筛选产酸能力优异的醋酸菌,进行形态学观察、生理生化试验及分子生物学鉴定,并将菌株应用于冬枣醋的研制,采用单因素及正交试验优化其醋酸发酵条件。结果表明,筛选得到一株醋酸菌A1,其培养9 d产酸量为5.89 g/100 mL。菌株A1被鉴定为木醋杆菌（Acetobacter xylinum）。菌株A1制备冬枣醋最佳醋酸发酵条件为：初始酒精度9%vol,木醋杆菌A1接种量8%,发酵温度30 ℃。在此优化条件下,冬枣醋感官评分为91分,总酸含量（以醋酸计）4.76 g/100 mL,可溶性固形物含量1.5%,产品呈淡琥珀色,口味酸甜爽口,具有冬枣特有的果香,理化及微生物指标均符合国家相关标准。     

自然发酵柿果醋香气成分的GC/MS分析

采用顶空固相微萃取气相色谱质谱法对自然发酵的柿子原浆果醋中的香气成分进行了分析研究,共分离鉴定了63种化合物,它们分属于酸类、醇类、醛酮类、酯类、酚类、烃类以及少量其他化合物。采用面积归一法对所测的柿果醋的香气成分进行定量分析发现,鉴定的63种化合物量占总挥发性成分的97.99%,酸类占61.25%,醇类占10.91%,醛酮类占9.66%,酯类占8.70%、酚类占6.13%。其中主要酸类成分为以乙酸和异戊酸为主,醇类以β-苯乙醇、异戊醇、萜烯醇为主,醛酮类成分以3-羟基-2-丁酮为主,酯类以乙酸异戊酯为主,酚类以2,4-二叔丁基苯酚为主。这些物质的共同作用形成了自然发酵柿子原浆果醋独特的风味。