聚氯化铝与聚氯化铁除磷效果的对比研究

以深圳某生活污水处理厂好氧出水为研究对象,对比了聚氯化铝(PAC)和聚氯化铁(PFC)的除磷效果。试验表明,PAC与PFC都具有良好的除磷效果;总磷去除率随着药剂投加量的增加而增加;当药剂投加量大于100 mg/L时,PFC对TP的去除率高于PAC,但PFC对出水pH的影响要大于PAC。     

PAC-自生动态膜生物反应器处理生活污水的研究

向由孔径为56μm的普通工业滤布组成的膜生物反应器中投加不同量的粉末活性炭，对恒通量下的单周期运行情况进行了考察，并对被污染的动态膜表面和截面进行了扫描电镜观察。结果表明，较佳的PAC投量约为2g／L。在PAC投量为2g／L时，其运行周期（15d）为不投加PAC时（6d）的2．5倍，反应器中占优势的污泥平均粒径（100μm）也较不投加PAC时的（80μm）大。经扫描电镜分析可知，未投加PAC时膜孔隙间的凝胶层是造成膜污染的主要因素；投加2异／L的PAC时膜表面的滤饼层是造成膜污染的主要因素，其膜污染物易于清洗去除，经水力清洗和刷子刷洗后膜通量可基本恢复，再用0．5％的NaClO溶液浸泡12h后膜通量可完全恢复。     

铝盐一级强化处理城市污水的正交试验

为研究一级强化处理城市污水的最佳工艺条件和各种因素对处理效果的影响,采用Al2(SO4)3和PAC分别与非离子、阴离子、弱阳离子的高分子助凝剂配合,进行了6种药剂组合的正交试验。结果表明,混凝剂投量是出水水质最主要的影响因素,在优化条件下,一级强化工艺对COD的去除率达到60%,出水COD为150mg/L左右;对TP的去除率由铝盐混凝剂的投量决定,出水TP<1mg/L,并可随混凝剂投量的继续增加而降低。高分子助凝剂能有效提高Al2(SO4)3的除磷效果,是影响出水TP的第二重要因素,但PAC系列是影响出水TP最小的因素。总之,Al2(SO4)3 高分子助凝剂与PAC 高分子助凝剂两个系列对COD的去除效果差别不大;但是,Al2(SO4)3 高分子助凝剂系列除磷效果更好。     

组合预氧化强化生物炭滤池处理微污染原水

针对原水污染严重的实际情况,开展了以臭氧、高锰酸钾和粉末活性炭的组合预氧化工艺强化生物活性炭滤池去除嗅味、CODMn、氨氮等的生产性试验.当原水的CODMn和氨氮浓度分别为7.0、3.0 mg/L时,出水浓度分别为3.0、0.5 mg/L,且出水无嗅味.同时试验结果还表明,对CODMn的去除主要发生在预氧化过程中,生物活性炭滤池主要靠生物吸附和活性炭吸附去除CODMn.     

p-Nitrophenol removal by combination of powdered activated carbon adsorption and ultrafiltration - comparison of different operational modes

Ultrafiltration is classified as a low-pressure membrane technology which effectively removes particulate matter and microorganisms and to a certain extent dissolved organic matter (15-25%) and colour. The technology has been optimized and is becoming competitive compared to conventional processes for larger scale plant capacities. In combination with activated carbon it is an effective barrier regarding the removal of synthetic organic chemicals. Growing interest in ultrafiltration raises the question of better usage of the adsorption capacity of powdered activated carbon (PAC) used in combination with this low-pressure membrane technique. This paper presents a pilot plant study of different PAC dosing procedures within a combined hybrid membrane IN/OUT process for removal of p-nitrophenol (PNP) from water (c(0)=1mg/L) under real case conditions (e.g. usage of the same module for the whole duration of the experiment, backwashing with permeate water, no separate saturation of the membrane with substance without presence of carbon). p-Nitrophenol was chosen as an appropriate test substance to assess the efficiency of different operation modes. Dead-end and cross-flow filtration were compared with respect to different PAC dosing procedures: continuous dosing into a continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) in front of the module and direct dosing into the pipe in front of the module (continuous, single-pulse and multi-pulse dosing). There was no advantage in cross-flow mode over dead-end referring to PNP concentration in the permeate. Relating to the carbon dosing procedure, the best results were obtained for continuous PAC addition. The option of dosing directly into the pipe has the advantage of no additional tank being necessary. In the case of single-pulse dosing, the formation of a carbon layer on the membrane surface was assumed and an LDF model applied for a simplified estimation of the "breakthrough behaviour" in the thus formed "PAC filter layer".     

粉末活性炭在水体中强制分散及其作用研究

探讨了水处理中粉末活性炭投加的基本方法，针对粉末活性炭颗粒间相互吸附自凝聚现象，提出强制分散技术应用于粉末活性炭投加工艺，从而提高了粉末活性炭吸附技术处理受污染原水的效率。     

水源水质受DEHP污染的粉末活性炭吸附处理工艺

采用含邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)的试验水样模拟城市取水水源发生DEHP水污染事故,测定粉末活性炭(PAC)对水样中DEHP的吸附性能,考察PAC炭种、吸附时间、DEHP初始浓度和PAC投加量等因素对DEHP的吸附量和脱除率的影响。试验结果表明:木屑PAC具有较大的比表面积,对DEHP具有良好的吸附效果,适用于DEHP水污染的应急处理。应急处理一般的DEHP水污染事故,DEHP污染浓度超标10～30倍时,PAC吸附DEHP的最佳条件为:吸附时间120 min,PAC投加量为20～80 mg/L,PAC对DEHP的吸附过程符合Henry等温式。     

基于APAX5520的模拟训练系统

介绍某型舰艇动力模拟训练系统的组成与基本工作原理，阐述I／O设备的选型依据，介绍APAX5520CE的基本性能，及其在模拟器中的硬件配置方法和主要软件的编制思想。实践证明，基于APAX5520CE所设计的模拟训练系统运行稳定、扩展灵活。完全满足装备训练需求。     

基于罗克韦尔ControlLogix的玻壳成型冗余自控系统设计

本文介绍了基于美国罗克韦尔公司ControlLogix控制器的玻壳成型冗余自控系统,应用基于PROFIBUS—DP、MPI及Ethemet的网络通信手段,通过软冗余的方式实现对生产线设备的控制。作者阐述了该冗余控制系统的基本工作原理、软硬件构成与通信网络配置、功能特点及程序设计等方面的内容。