膨润土土工合成材料的研究

将所合成的相对分子质量约为3~4万的聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)与甲醛反应使之羟甲基化,然后将羟甲基化聚丙烯酰胺和单体丙烯酰胺(AM)脱水缩合,得到产物改性聚丙烯酰胺.适宜的反应物摩尔比n(PAM)∶n(甲醛)∶n(AM)=1∶0.6∶0.6,羟甲基化转化率可达99%以上,丙烯酰胺转化率可达93%以上.改性聚丙烯酰胺以过硫酸铵为引发剂,N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂在室温下发生交联反应.其优点是交联速度快、聚合放热温度低、在侧链发生交联反应、抗水解能力强,吸水膨胀倍数与膨润土相当.将改性聚丙烯酰胺与膨润土混合(其中膨润土质量约占70%)制成的膨润土土工合成材料,其体积膨胀率为190%,基本达到我国建筑行业标准实用要求.该产品经久耐用,为土工合成材料的制备技术探索了一条新路.     

聚合硫酸铝铁和PAM复合混凝剂处理造纸废水的研究

利用正交试验的方法对造纸废水的混凝处理最佳试验条件进行了研究。通过聚合硫酸铝铁PAFS和助凝剂聚丙烯酰胺PAM对造纸废水处理效果的研究,表明在溶液pH值为5,PFS投加量为1000mg/L,PAM的用量为2.5mg/L,温度为20℃,搅拌时间20min时,对造纸废水处理得到较为满意的效果,COD的去除率为80%左右。     

非均相Fenton反应催化降解聚丙烯酰胺

研究了载体类型、活性组分负载方法和负载量和反应条件对催化剂活性的影响。结果表明,以NaY为载体,采用微波法制备氧化铁负载量为5%(质量分数)的催化剂,在反应时间1 h,反应温度30℃,催化剂加入量5 g/L,H2O2用量7 mL/L的条件下,对浓度为200 mg/L的聚丙烯酰胺溶液的降解率可达86.63%。     

工业磷化废水处理的实验研究及应用

文章介绍了目前工业磷化废水处理过程中常用的化学沉淀除磷法,研究了pH、PAM投加量的变化对除磷效率的影响。确定了除磷的最佳工艺条件为:pH为7.5~9之间,PAM投加量为300 mg/L。     

聚丙烯酰胺对水泥砂浆塑性收缩开裂性能的影响

通过测试水分蒸发速率、塑性抗拉强度、塑性收缩应力、抗裂指数和塑性收缩开裂权重值,研究了不同掺量(质量分数,下同)聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)增稠剂对水泥砂浆塑性阶段收缩开裂性能的影响.结果表明:PAM对水泥砂浆塑性收缩开裂有较好的减裂效果,随着PAM掺量的增加,在大风速下水泥砂浆水分蒸发速率总体上呈现减小趋势,但当PAM掺量大于0.08%时,水泥砂浆水分蒸发速率有所回升;水泥砂浆塑性抗拉强度和塑性收缩应力均随着PAM掺量的增加而减小,当PAM掺量达到0.06%后不再减小;随着PAM掺量的增加,水泥砂浆抗裂指数呈增大趋势,塑性收缩开裂权重值呈明显减小趋势.     

NADPH fluorescence as an indicator of hydrogen production in the green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

This study investigated cellular Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NADPH) fluorescence as a potential indicator of biohydrogen production in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and a β-NADPH standard. NADPH fluorescence profiles of cultures grown in TAP-S (Tris-acetate phosphate minus sulphur) media, TAP (Tris-acetate phosphate) media and TAP + 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) were subsequently compared. Hydrogen production induced from sulphur depletion was found to correlate directly (r = 0.941) with NADPH over the ten day period. The addition of leachate was used to increase hydrogen yields, and subsequently increased the NADPH concentration by 50%–70%. A direct correlation was observed (r = 0.929) between NADPH and hydrogen when the leachate supplemented media was used. As NADPH is the terminal electron acceptor in the photosynthetic chain, results show that NADPH has a pivotal role in hydrogen production as a carrier molecule. Under sulphur depletion, cellular NADPH fluorescence can be used as an indicator of hydrogen production.     

Insights into the Interaction of LVV-Hemorphin-7 with Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor

Hemorphins are known for their role in the control of blood pressure. Recently, we revealed the positive modulation of the angiotensin II (AngII) type 1 receptor (AT1R) by LVV-hemorphin-7 (LVV-H7) in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells. Here, we examined the molecular binding behavior of LVV-H7 on AT1R and its effect on AngII binding using a nanoluciferase-based bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (NanoBRET) assay in HEK293FT cells, as well as molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) studies. Saturation and real-time kinetics supported the positive effect of LVV-H7 on the binding of AngII. While the competitive antagonist olmesartan competed with AngII binding, LVV-H7 slightly, but significantly, decreased AngII’s k_D by 2.6 fold with no effect on its B_max. Molecular docking and MD simulations indicated that the binding of LVV-H7 in the intracellular region of AT1R allosterically potentiates AngII binding. LVV-H7 targets residues on intracellular loops 2 and 3 of AT1R, which are known binding sites of allosteric modulators in other GPCRs. Our data demonstrate the allosteric effect of LVV-H7 on AngII binding, which is consistent with the positive modulation of AT1R activity and signaling previously reported. This further supports the pharmacological targeting of AT1R by hemorphins, with implications in vascular and renal physiology.     

Attribute driven process architecture for additive manufacturing

In additive manufacturing (AM) process, the manufacturing attributes are highly dependent upon the execution of hierarchical plan. Among them, material deposition plan can frequently interrupt the AM process due to tool-path changes, tool start-stop and non-deposition time, which can be challenging during free-form part fabrication. In this paper, the layer geometries for both model and support structure are analyzed to identify the features that create change in deposition modality. First, the overhanging points on the part surface are identified using the normal vector direction of the model surface. A k-th nearest point algorithm is implemented to generate the 3d boundary support contour which is used to construct the support structure. Both model and support structures are sliced and contours are evaluated. The layer contour, plurality, concavity, number of contours, geometric shape, size and interior islands are considered to generate an AM deposition model. The proposed model is solved for minimizing the change in deposition modality by maximizing the continuity and connectivity in the material deposition plan. Both continuity and connectivity algorithms are implemented for model and support structure for free-form object. The proposed algorithm provides the optimum deposition direction that results in minimum number of tool-path segments and their connectivity while minimizing contour plurality effect. This information is stored as a generic digital file format named Part Attributable Motion (PAM). A common application program interface (API) platform is also proposed in this paper, which can access the PAM and generate machine readable file for different existing 3D printers. The proposed research is implemented on three free-form objects with complex geometry and parts are fabricated. Also, the build time is evaluated and the results are compared with the available 3d printing software.     

Adsorption of Congo Red by Poly(Dimethyl Diallyl Ammonium Chloride)/Polyacrylamide Hydrogels with Excellent Acid and Alkali Resistance

Cationic hydrogels, poly(dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride)/polyacrylamide (PDMDAAC/PAM), were prepared for the removal of congo red (CR) from aqueous solution. Process parameters affecting the adsorption efficiency were systematically investigated. The results showed that the calculated monolayer adsorption capacity of the cationic hydrogels was found to be 200 to 465 mg/g. The hydrogels showed appreciable adsorption capacities within pH range investigated. The adsorption process well obeyed pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Langmuir isotherm. The ion exchange dominated the whole adsorption mechanism. All the information suggests that the as-prepared cationic hydrogels show potential applications in the fields of wastewater treatment for the removal of anionic dyes such as CR.     

两性聚丙烯酰胺的开发与应用进展（造纸）

全文介绍了两性聚丙烯酰胺的性能，生产的主要技术路线与最佳的操作条件及有关进展情况。对现工业化运行的主要两性聚丙烯酰胺生产工艺的技术特点进行了具体的分析和总结，阐述了国内外研究开发的现状与发展趋势。并探讨了扩大应用范围和市场前景。