4株羊肚菌胞外多糖含量及其生物活性的研究

为探讨不同羊肚菌菌株胞外多糖的含量及其抑菌、抗氧化活性和对α-淀粉酶的抑制作用是否有差异,以4株羊肚菌(编号为YS-Y、XH-0、XH-2、XH-4)为材料,利用醇沉法提取羊肚菌胞外多糖,并用Sevag法去除蛋白后,测定其胞外多糖含量及其抑菌活性、抗氧化能力和对α-淀粉酶的抑制作用,并将其结果进行对比。结果表明,YS-Y、XH-0、XH-2、XH-44株羊肚菌胞外多糖的含量分别为10.05%、5.80%、19.89%、8.34%;4株羊肚菌具有一定程度的抑菌能力,菌株XH-2的抑菌效果优于其它3株,且对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑制效果最好;4株羊肚菌的还原力、DPPH自由基、ABTS+自由基以及羟自由基清除率都随着质量浓度的增大而增大,当质量浓度达到1.0 mg/mL时,菌株XH-2的还原能力和ABTS+自由基清除能力优于其他3株,其OD700值和EC50分别为0.136和0.56 mg/mL;菌株XH-4的DPPH和羟自由基清除率优于其它3株,其EC50分别为16.68 mg/mL和1.40 mg/mL,且4株羊肚菌的羟自由基清除率均大于VC;菌株XH-2对α-淀粉酶的抑制作用优于其它3株,其EC50为1.55mg/mL。该研究表明羊肚菌胞外多糖具有一定的生物活性,菌株XH-2和XH-4具有更大的药用潜力,可为羊肚菌资源开发提供一定的参考意义。     

Antioxidant potential of extracts from peels and stems of yellow-fleshed and white cassava varieties

This study focused on the exploration of the potentials of extracting antioxidants from peels and stems of yellow-fleshed and white cassava varieties. The effect of particle size (0.2 and 0.5 mm) and variety on the phenolic content and antioxidant activity was assessed. The peels of the yellow-fleshed cassava variety with a particle size of 0.2 mm showed the highest phenolic content with 681.5 GAE mg 100 g⁻¹ and antioxidant activity of 19% and 425 μM TE g⁻¹ dry matter using DPPH and FRAP assays respectively. The stems of the white cassava with a particle size of 0.2 mm exhibited high phenolic content (442.4 GAE mg 100 g⁻¹) and antioxidant activity of 12.8% and 234 μM TE g⁻¹, better than the stem of the yellow-fleshed cassava. These results indicate that phenolic and antioxidant extractions were influenced by variety, the plant parts and particle size for the antioxidant assays.     

海蜇Ⅰ型胶原蛋白的提取及结构特性研究

以海蜇为原料，采用盐酸-胃蛋白酶法提取胶原蛋白，并通过聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（SDS-Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis，SDS-PAGE）、紫外光谱（UV-visible spectroscopy，UV）、氨基酸分析、红外光谱（Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy，FTIR）、圆二色谱（Circular dichroism，CD）以及扫描电镜（Scanning electron microscope，SEM）对其结构特性进行了系统全面的研究。结果显示，海蜇胶原蛋白在135 kDa左右有一条α-链，在245 kDa以上有一条β-链和γ-链，紫外吸收峰在233 nm处，符合I型胶原蛋白的特征，其亚基组成可能为[α₁(I)]₃。海蜇胶原蛋白中含量最高的氨基酸为甘氨酸，占氨基酸总量的25.99%，且含有15.94%的亚氨基酸。红外光谱和圆二色谱均表明海蜇胶原蛋白分子排布紧凑，具有主要由氢键构成的完整三螺旋结构。扫描电镜结果显示海蜇胶原蛋白具有多层聚集、以纤维为主的无规则网状结构。     

Detoxification of cassava during gari preparation

Gari, a fermented cassava product, is widely consumed in many West African countries. The present study was undertaken to investigate the detoxification of cassava during the preparation of gari. The most important processing stages, with regard to elimination of cyanide, were the initial grating of the cassava and the final roasting of the product. The breakdown of linamarin was dependent primarily on the presence of endogenous linamarase and the lactic acid bacteria present during the fermentation were not directly involved in its hydrolysis.     

羊肚菌液体发酵培养的研究现状和展望

作为现代生物工程技术之一的液体发酵技术,在食用菌的生产中已得到了深入的研究和广泛的应用。介绍了液体发酵技术,概述了羊肚菌液体发酵培养的研究现状,并说明了羊肚菌的液体发酵具有良好的应用前景。     

Determination of total nitrogen and cyanide nitrogen in cassava

Heating of intact cassava leaves causes liberation of hydrogen cyanide. This phenomenon appears to be caused by β-glucosidase-catalysed decomposition of the cyanogenic glycosides linamarin and lotaustralin. Because of these losses, many previously determined values for total nitrogen in cassava (and other cyanogenic plants) are probably in error as plant materials used for Kjeldahl determinations are often dried at 70–90°C. Liberation of cyanide from intact cassava leaves by heating at 80°C is more complete than liberation by the homogenisation methods commonly used. Homogenisation of cassava leaf tissues with liquid nitrogen or dry ice gives somewhat lower values, and these materials are often not readily available in areas where cassava is studied. The basis of a relatively simple procedure for the isolation of hydrogen cyanide from cassava leaves is suggested.     

羊肚菌菌丝的分形特征

用菌丝显微图像灰度的统计分布图得到羊肚菌菌丝具有分形学的自相似性并求出其分维数。对比羊肚菌固体、液体不同培养方法下菌丝的形态及分维数,结果为分枝越多分维数越大;对比不同菌种羊肚菌和蛹虫草菌丝的分维数。说明分维数的差别对于菌丝形态特征的研究可以提供基础。     

产胞外多糖泰山羊肚菌液体培养条件的优化

对泰山羊肚菌产胞外多糖 (exopolysaccharides,EPS)的液体培养基组成和发酵条件进行了优化 ,最适碳源是葡萄糖 ,最适氮源是NH4NO3 。正交试验确定最佳培养基组成为麸皮 2 0 0 g/L ,葡萄糖 30 g/L ,NH4NO3 1g/L ,KH2 PO42 g/L ,MgSO4·7H2 O 1 5 g/L。最佳发酵条件为 2 5℃ ,起始 pH值 6 5 ,装液量 10 0mL/瓶 ,接种量10 % ,摇床转速 2 0 0r/min ,发酵时间 4d。在此条件下 ,其胞外多糖含量 (2 135 4 4 1mg/L)比对照(14 5 4 6 39mg/L)提高了 4 6 8%。     

Isolation, partial characterisation and immunomodulatory activities of polysaccharide from Morchella esculenta

BACKGROUND: Polysaccharides extracted from fungi or algae have shown a variety of medical activities, and the exploitation of polysaccharides for application in pharmacy has been very promising. In this study, the immunomodulatory properties of polysaccharides from Morchella esculenta were investigated to identify immunostimulatory activity and potentially contribute to the therapeutic potential of Morchella esculenta. RESULTS: A water‐soluble polysaccharide, MEP, was obtained from the fermentation broth of Morchella esculenta. Two fractions of this polysaccharide (MEP‐I and MEP‐II) were extracted and purified. High‐performance gel permeation chromatography analysis showed the average molecular weights of two polysaccharides. Structural properties and compositions of these two fractions were examined by Fourier transform infrared and a high‐performance liquid chromatography with an evaporative light scattering detector. Active experiments suggested that the MEP had typical immunostimulatory activity. CONCLUSION: These bioactivity tests showed that the polysaccharides from Morchella esculenta presented significant immune modulating activity, and this finding may offer the basis for the popular use of polysaccharides in functional foods or medicine. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry