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1.
A high-throughput approach based on magnetron co-sputtering of alloy libraries is employed to inves-tigate mechanical properties of crystalline and amorphous alloys in a ternary palladium(Pd)-tungsten(W)-silicon(Si)system with the aim to reveal the difference in plastic deformation response and extract the relevant structure-property relationships of the alloys in the system.It was found that in contrast to crystalline alloys,the amorphous ones,i.e.,metallic glasses,exhibited a much smaller fluctuation range in the plasticity parameters(Er2/H and Wp/Wt),indicating a significant difference in the plastic deformation mechanism controlling the mechanical properties for the respective alloys.We propose that the inho-mogeneous deformation of amorphous alloys localized in thin shear bands is responsible for the weaker compositional dependence of both plasticity parameters,while dislocation gliding in crystalline materials is significantly more dependent on the exact structure,thus resulting in a larger scattering range.Based on the representative efficient cluster packing model,a set of composition-dependent atomic structural models is proposed to figure out the structure-property relationships of amorphous alloys in Pd-W-Si alloy system.  相似文献   
2.
Fully dense ceramics with retarded grain growth can be attained effectively at relatively low temperatures using a high-pressure sintering method. However, there is a paucity of in-depth research on the densification mechanism, grain growth process, grain boundary characterization, and residual stress. Using a strong, reliable die made from a carbon-fiber-reinforced carbon (Cf/C) composite for spark plasma sintering, two kinds of commercially pure α-Al2O3 powders, with average particle sizes of 220 nm and 3 μm, were sintered at relatively low temperatures and under high pressures of up to 200 MPa. The sintering densification temperature and the starting threshold temperature of grain growth (Tsg) were determined by the applied pressure and the surface energy relative to grain size, as they were both observed to increase with grain size and to decrease with applied pressure. Densification with limited grain coarsening occurred under an applied pressure of 200 MPa at 1050 °C for the 220 nm Al2O3 powder and 1400 °C for the 3 μm Al2O3 powder. The grain boundary energy, residual stress, and dislocation density of the ceramics sintered under high pressure and low temperature were higher than those of the samples sintered without additional pressure. Plastic deformation occurring at the contact area of the adjacent particles was proved to be the dominant mechanism for sintering under high pressure, and a mathematical model based on the plasticity mechanics and close packing of equal spheres was established. Based on the mathematical model, the predicted relative density of an Al2O3 compact can reach ~80 % via the plastic deformation mechanism, which fits well with experimental observations. The densification kinetics were investigated from the sintering parameters, i.e., the holding temperature, dwell time, and applied pressure. Diffusion, grain boundary sliding, and dislocation motion were assistant mechanisms in the final stage of sintering, as indicated by the stress exponent and the microstructural evolution. During the sintering of the 220 nm alumina at 1125 °C and 100 MPa, the deformation tends to increase defects and vacancies generation, both of which accelerate lattice diffusion and thus enhance grain growth.  相似文献   
3.
The deformation mechanisms in the α-Fe twist bi-crystals (TBCs) containing differently angled twist grain boundaries (TGBs) are investigated carefully using the molecular dynamics modeling, with especial concerns on how solute hydrogen affects them. The results show that there are three main deformations in the TBCs, i.e. the dislocation glide-dominated mechanism, the twining-dominated mechanism, the dislocation glide and twining co-dominated mechanism, depending upon both the twist angle and the loading direction. In the dislocation glide-dominated TBCs, solute hydrogen increases the dislocation nucleation strength, dislocation mobility and dislocation density, further increases the vacancies concentration due to frequent interactions of solute hydrogen atoms with dislocations. In the dislocation glide and twining co-dominated TBCs, the solute hydrogen has weaker effect on the increase of dislocations density and the decrease of twins fraction with increasing tensile strain. However, in the twining-dominated TBCs, solute hydrogen assists the deformation twinning but doesn't increase significantly the vacancies concentration. So, it seems that twinning deformation is beneficial to resist hydrogen embrittlement (HE). These knowledge is helpful for us to understand the HE mechanism and develop new hydrogen-resistant high-strength materials.  相似文献   
4.
在高频淬火态GCr15轴承钢切削过程中施加高能脉冲电流,研究了高能电脉冲对淬火态GCr15钢切削性能的影响。结果表明,在脉冲电流的作用下,主切削力、轴向表面粗糙度、表面硬度以及刀具磨损状况都显著降低。对高频淬火态GCr15轴承钢而言,脉冲电流的电致塑性效应与焦耳热效应能够促进位错运动,从而在较低温度与较短时间内达到回火效果,提高材料表面塑性变形能力,有效改善其切削加工性能。  相似文献   
5.
采用Gleeble-3800热模拟试验机进行了DIN 1.2738塑料模具钢(/%:0.35~0.46C,0.20-0.40Si,1.30~1.60Mn,1.80~2.20Cr,0.90~1.20Ni,0.15~0.23Mo)的热压缩实验,获得了该钢在850~1250℃、应变速率在0.01~30的应力-应变曲线。基于得到的热变形数据,建立了该钢的峰值应力以及应变补偿的热变形本构方程和热加工图,并结合热加工图的结果分析了该钢合理的热加工参数范围。结果表明,DIN 1.2738钢的热变激活能为354.21 kJ/mol,利用建立的应变补偿的双曲正弦本构方程可对塑料模具钢的热变形曲线进行准确预测,通过加工图的分析可得DIN 1.2738塑料模具钢的最佳的热变形工艺参数范围为:(1)温度950~1 150℃,应变速率0.01~0.7 s-1;(2)温度1170~1200℃,应变速率0.01~1 s-1。  相似文献   
6.
The evolution of strain hardening behavior of the Fe_(50)(CoCrMnNi)_(50) medium-entropy alloy as a function of the fraction of recrystallized microstructure and the grain size was studied using the Hollomon and Ludwigson equations.The specimens under study were partially recrystallized,fully recrystallized with ultrafine-grained microstructure,and fully recrystallized with coarse grains.The yield strength decreases steadily as the fraction of recry stallized micro structure and grain size increases due to the recovery process and the Hall-Petch effect.Interestingly,the bimodal grain distribution was found to have a significant impact on strain hardening during plastic deformation.For instance,the highest ultimate tensile strength was exhibited by a 0.97 μm specimen,which was observed to contain a bimodal grain distribution.Furthermore,using the Ludwigson equation,the effect of the bimodal grain distribution was established from the behavior of K_2 and n1 curves.These curves tend to show very high values in the specimens with a bimodal grain distribution compared to those that show a homogenous grain distribution.Additionally,the bimodal grain distribution contributes to the extensive L(u|")ders strain observed in the 0.97 μm specimen,which induces a significant deviation of the Hollomon equation at lower strains.  相似文献   
7.
Currently,the liquid scintillation method is widely used to measure the activity of tritiated water in the primary circuit of nuclear power plants,which leads to the continuous production of radioactive waste during mea-surement.In addition,the real-time activity information of tritiated water cannot be obtained.To solve this problem,herein we present an online tritiated water measurement method based on plastic scintillators that used the optical transport process in the Geant 4 software toolkit to build a model of plastic scintillation detection for tritiated water.Through simulation,the basic geometric dimensions of the detector were determined.In this dimension,using one detector to measure for 3 h,when the tritiated water activity was 100 Bq/L,its resolution was 16%(16 Bq/L).In addition,calculations were performed for the presence of other background signals to obtain the minimum detectable concentration.  相似文献   
8.
研究了快速鉴别可降解一次性塑料制品成分的方法。首先利用衰减全反射红外光谱方法采集市场常见生物降解塑料的红外光谱图,作为标准对照谱图。然后收集市场一次性可降解塑料制品,包括塑料袋、餐盒、餐具、杯子、吸管等,用手术刀切下制品薄层,采用衰减全反射红外光谱法对薄层进行表征,结合生物降解塑料标准对照谱图及常见塑料填料标准谱图确定一次性塑料制品成分。在此基础上选择有代表性的一次性塑料制品的红外谱图,建立一次性可降解塑料制品标准红外谱图库。结果表明:采集样品材质可分三大类,分别以聚乳酸、淀粉、聚对苯二甲酸/己二酸/丁二酯为主体添加适当填料。未知样品与谱库数据匹配度,可作为未知样品的初步判定依据。可见通过红外光谱衰减全反射分析方法可以对可降解一次性塑料制品材质成分进行分析,该方法无需前处理,操作简单,为大批量可降解包装制品检测提供了一种简便、快捷、准确的方法。  相似文献   
9.
South Korea is pushing for the waste-to-hydrogen (W2H) project to reduce greenhouse gases and utilize plastic and vinyl waste (PVW) while reducing environmental pollution from PVW. This research seeks to estimate additional willingness to pay (WTP) for electricity produced using W2H over that produced using traditional power sources, such as coal and nuclear. For the purpose of the estimation, a contingent valuation survey of 1000 people was performed employing the closed-ended one-and-one-half-bound question during November 2020. A spike model is utilized to reflect zero WTP values that a number of interviewees reported in the survey. Several factors affecting the additional WTP were also analyzed to derive implications. The average WTP was computed as KRW 27.7 (USD 0.025) per kWh with statistical significance, which reaches 26.4% of the electricity price. One more point to note is that 54.3% of the respondents stated a zero WTP as they thought that W2H is of no value to them or were worried that the W2H project could increase electricity bills.  相似文献   
10.
在国家环保压力及国际国内双循环背景下,由于生物基及可降解塑料的优良特性,采用生物基塑料及可降解塑料制品是当前解决塑料污染问题的办法之一。目前我国生物基及可降解塑料存在回收体系不健全、与现有的循环再利用体系不兼容及生产成本较高的问题,需要从加强监管、正面引导及加快回收再利用技术的研发着手,加快我国生物基及可降解塑料的使用。  相似文献   
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